2022年考研考博-考博英语-陕西师范大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号32

1、住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-陕西师范大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题The city tried to stop crime by hiring more police, but that（）did not work.问题1选项A.approachB.applicationC.managementD.version【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。根据句子前后逻辑关系可知，空格处是指前文提及的“雇佣更多警察”一事。A选项为“方法；接近”；B选项为“运用；申请”；C选项为“管理”；D选项为“版本；

2、译文”。根据句意可知，这座城市想通过雇佣更多警察以停止犯罪，但是这方法并不管用。因此，正确答案为A项。2.单选题The _of the scientific attitude is that the human mind can succeed in understanding the universe.问题1选项A.essenceB.textureC.contentD.threshold【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项essence“本质，实质”；B选项texture“质地，手感”；C选项content“内容”；D选项threshold“门槛，入口，开始”。根据the scientif

3、ic attitude可知A选项符合语义。句意：科学态度的本质是人类的思维能够成功地理解宇宙。3.单选题The_of the word is unknown, but it is certainly not from Greek.问题1选项A.originB.generationC.decentD.cause【答案】A【解析】考查名词。A选项origin“起源，来源”，指事物开始出现的始点或其来源与出处；B选项generation“一代，产生”；C选项decent“正派的，得体的”，为形容词；D选项cause“原因，起因”，指某事件、后果等的起因。句意：这个词的起源是未知的，但肯定不是来自希腊

4、语。4.单选题John said that he didnt quite_and asked me to repeat what I had said.问题1选项A.snatch upB.summon upC.catch onD.watch out【答案】C【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项snatch up“夺取，猛然抓住”；B选项summon up“鼓起（勇气），使出（力气），唤起”；C选项catch on“理解，明白，变得流行”；D选项watch out“当心，注意”。根据asked me to repeat what I had said可推测前面指他没听明白我说的话，因此选C。句意：Joh

5、n说他没有太明白，要我重复我下我所说的话。5.单选题Although he has become rich, he is still very_of his money.问题1选项A.economicB.thriftyC.frugalD.careful【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项economic“经济的，有关经济的”；B选项thrifty“节俭的”，常用于be thrifty with sth.；C选项frugal“节省的，节俭的”，可用于be frugal with/of sth.；D选项careful“小心地，仔细地”，be careful with/of sth.表示“当心，

6、注意”。根据Although he has become rich与of可知选C。句意：虽然他变得富有了，但他仍然很节俭。6.单选题Please（）those old newspapers while youre cleaning up the room.问题1选项A.dispose outB.dispose ofC.dispose awayD.dispose in【答案】B【解析】考查词组搭配。A选项dispose out非短语搭配；B选项dispose of处理，转让，卖掉；C选项 dispose away 非短语搭配；D选项dispose in非短语搭配。因此，只有B项为正确搭配，且符合

7、题意。句意：请你在清理房间的时候丢掉这些过期的报纸。7.单选题Diamonds have little_value and their price depends almost entirely on their scarcity.问题1选项A.extinctB.permanentC.surplusD.intrinsic【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项extinct“灭绝的”；B选项permanent“永恒的，不变的”；C选项surplus“过剩的”；D选项intrinsic“固有的，内在的，本质的”。根据their price depends almost entirely on t

8、heir scarcity可知D选项符合语义。句意：钻石几乎没有内在价值，其价格几乎完全取决于其稀缺性。8.单选题Be careful; this patients disease is（）.问题1选项A.congenialB.accessibleC.compulsoryD.contagious【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项为“意气相投的；一致的”；B选项为“易相处的；可理解的”；C选项为“义务的；必须的；强制性的”；D选项为“传染性的；会蔓延的”。根据所修饰名词disease疾病可知，D项为正确答案。9.单选题This is one of the animals that can

9、the color of their surroundings.问题1选项A.take upB.take inC.take onD.take to【答案】C【解析】词组题。A选项take up拿起，开始从事，占据；B选项take in吸收，理解，欺骗；C选项take on 承担，呈现，具有；D选项take to喜欢，走向，开始从事。句意：这种动物是那种可以随着环境的颜色而改变身体颜色的种类。因此，C项“呈现”符合题意。10.单选题Please check the copy_the original before handing in.问题1选项A.withB.againstC.overD.A

10、and B【答案】D【解析】考查固定搭配。check sth. against/with sth.表示“对照某物核对某物”，为固定搭配。根据the copy与the original可知此处表示“对照原件核对该复印件”，因此选D。句意：交上来之前请把复印件和原件核对一下。11.单选题All the year she has been_between optimism and despair.问题1选项A.vibratingB.swingingC.fluctuatingD.waving【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项vibrate“(使)振动，颤动，摆动”；B选项swing“(使) 摆动，

11、摇摆”，指意见、态度或感情的摇摆；C选项fluctuate“（价格或数量）波动，涨落，起伏”；D选项wave“挥手，摆手”。根据between optimism and despair可知选B。句意：一年来她一直在乐观和绝望之间摇摆。12.单选题Televisions enable us to see things happen almost at the exact moment_ .问题1选项A.which they are happeningB.they are happeningC.which they happenD.they have happened【答案】B【解析】考查定语从句

12、。A选项和C选项中which 均指代不清；B选项和C选项都为省略关系副词when的定语从句。B选项为现在进行时，表示事情正在发生， D选项they have happened完成时态用法错误。因此，本题正确答案为 B。13.单选题When the farmers visited the city for the first time, they were_by its complicated traffic system.问题1选项A.precludedB.bewilderedC.divertedD.expired【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项preclude“排出，消除，妨碍”；B选

13、项bewilder“使迷惑”；C选项divert“使转移”；D选项expire“期满”。根据the first time和complicated traffic system可知B选项符合语义。句意：当农民们第一次参观这座城市时，他们被它复杂的交通系统弄糊涂了。14.单选题There are many good bakeries in Milltown; in fact, the baking industry is（）.问题1选项A.adhesiveB.flourishingC.incidentalD.accommodating【答案】B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。通过There are m

14、any good bakeries in Milltown可知Milltown有很多好的面包房，所以这里的烘焙产业发展不错。A选项为“可黏的”；B选项为“繁荣的；盛行的”；C选项为“附属的；偶然的；伴随发生的”；D选项为“乐于助人的；可通融的；随和的”。因此，B选项更符合题意。15.单选题Linda was_the experiment a month ago, but she changed her mind at the last minute.问题1选项A.to startB.to have startedC.to be startingD.to have been starting【答

15、案】B【解析】考查过去将来完成时。be to do表示按计划、安排即将发生某事或打算做某事，其完成时的形式为be+to+have+done。根据was与changed可知动作发生在过去，“start”这个动作发生在“changed”的之前，故用过去将来完成时，因此选B。句意：琳达本打算一个月前开始做这个实验，但她在最后一刻改变了主意。16.单选题Although, some students graduate from high school, they are virtually illiterate_writing a business letter.问题1选项A.in the event

16、 ofB.in the light ofC.in case ofD.in terms of【答案】D【解析】短语搭配题。A选项in the event of万一发生；B选项in the light of根据，按照；C选项in case of 万一，如果发生，假设；D选项in terms of关于，在方面，就而言。根据句意可知，尽管一些学生已经高中毕业，但他们在商务信函的写作方面几乎是一窍不通。因此，本题正确答案为D项。17.单选题The kings daughter threatened to drink the chemical if he refused her request.问题1选项

17、A.deadlyB.deathlyC.fatalD.mortal【答案】A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：国王的女儿威胁国王说，如果不同意她的要求，就喝下毒药。A选项deadly adj.致命地，非常地，表示致死的可能性极大，用于能引起死亡的事物，如：a deadly disease是通常会致死的疾病。B选项deathly adj.死一般的，让人想到死亡的，如：a deathly silence死一般的寂静。fatal强调命运或必然性，用来形容导致毁灭，灾难，死亡的潜在或实际原因。在预测未来时，多用fatal。而mortal 是死亡已经发生或一定会发生，因此该词只用于事实上已经引起死亡或即将

18、引起死亡的事物。此处是表示“致命的东西”，因此，A项是正确答案。18.单选题I feel obligated to give my opinion on the subject.问题1选项A.requiredB.forbiddenC.determinedD.encouraged【答案】A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项required adj.必需的，必须的；B选项forbidden adj.不被允许的，被禁止的；C选项determined adj.坚决的，决定的；D选项encouraged adj.怂恿的，受到鼓舞的。句意：我认为我必须对这个话题发表自己的观点。根据句意可知A选项正确。19

19、.单选题The way in which people use social space reflects their social relationships and their ethnic identity. Early immigrants to America from Europe brought with them a collective style of living, which they retained until late in the 18th century. Historical records document a group-oriented existen

20、ce, in which one room was used for eating, entertaining guests, and sleeping. People ate soups from a communal pot, shared drinking cups, and used a common pit toilet. With the development of ideas about individualism, people soon began to shift to the use of individual cups and plates; the eating o

21、f meals that included meat, bread, and vegetables served on separate plates; and the use of private toilets. They began to build their houses with separate rooms to entertain guests-living rooms, separate bedrooms for sleeping, separate work areaskitchen, laundry room, and separate bathrooms.In Mexi

22、co, the meaning and organization of domestic space is strikingly different. Houses are organized around a patio, or courtyard. Rooms open onto the patio, where all kinds of domestic activities take place. Individuals do not have separate bedrooms. Children often sleep with parents, and brothers or s

23、isters share a bed, emphasizing familial interdependence. Rooms in Mexican houses are locations for multiple activities that, in contrast, are rigidly separated in the United States.1. Changes in living styles among early immigrants were initially brought about by_.2. Which of the following is NOT d

24、iscussed in the passage?问题1选项A.rising living standardsB.new conceptsC.new customsD.new designs of houses问题2选项A.Their concepts of domestic spaceB.Their social relationships.C.The functions of their rooms.D.The layout of their houses.【答案】第1题:B第2题:A【解析】1.考查细节事实题。由文章一段中的With the development of ideas abo

25、ut individualism, people soon began to shift to the use of individual cups and plates（随着个人主义思想的发展，人们很快开始转向使用单独的杯子和盘子）可知“个人主义思想”是一种新的观念，改变了人们的生活方式，因此选B。2.细节事实题。文章第一段中的The way in which people use social space reflects their social relationships and their ethnic identity.（人们使用社会空间的方式反映了他们的社会关系和民族认同）与B选

26、项对应，in which one room was used for eating, entertaining guests, and sleeping（其中一个房间用来吃饭、招待客人和睡觉）与C选项对应，They began to build their houses with separate rooms to entertain guests-living rooms, separate bedrooms for sleeping, separate work areaskitchen, laundry room, and separate bathrooms（他们开始建造自己的房子，有

27、单独的房间来招待客、睡觉和工作厨房、洗衣房和浴室）与D选项对应。通过排除法排除B、C、D选项，因此选A。20.单选题I wouldnt_to interfere. Instead, I let my students make their own decision问题1选项A.resumeB.presumeC.assumeD.consume【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项resume“重新开始，恢复，继续”；B选项presume“假设，冒昧，擅自主张”；C选项assume“假定，认为，承担”；D选项consume“消耗，消费”。根据转折词Instead后面的内容可知B选项符合语义。句意：

28、我将不会擅自干涉。相反，我让我的学生们自己做决定。21.单选题_for a long time, the fields are all dried up.问题1选项A.There has been no rainB.Having no rainC.There having been no rainD.There being no rain【答案】C【解析】考查句子结构。由句子结构可知，there be句型在此处作独立结构。A选项there be句型与后半句之间缺少连接词；B选项Having no rain逻辑关系不正确；C选项和D选项都属于独立主格结构，但使用完成时更能表现因很久未下雨而导致的

29、结果；因此，正确答案是C项。句意：因为长时间没有下雨，地里干枯得很厉害。22.单选题On the fateful night in 1930 when the first German bombs fell on Poland, young Nina Novak, one of Polands most promising dancers, was performing in the Opera House in Warsaw. Two days later the Opera House was destroyed by bombs. Ninas whole life had been de

30、voted to ballet: Now her world collapsed around her. In the dark years that followed, it seemed that she would never dance again, much less become one of the worlds leading ballerinas. But Nina had courage-and a dream that began when she was very young.Nina was born in Warsaw and spent the early yea

31、rs of her childhood there; Her first school teacher noticed little Ninas grace and told her she should study dancing, Nina delightedly reported the teachers words at home, but her mother fought the idea, saying that no daughter of hers was going to be a dancer. Nina, however, was a determined child.

32、 She had made up her mind to be a really great ballerina no matter what the cost, and she worked toward this goal with her whole being. She coaxed and raged until her mother finally gave in and let her enroll at the Polish Opera Ballet School.Her first appearance on stage came three years later, whe

33、n she was allowed to dance the part of a slave girl in the opera Aida. Shortly after this, Nina became a real professional, dancing for two years as prim a ballerina of the Childrens of Warsaw.When she was thirteen, she was taken into the Polish Opera Company. She was the youngest dancer ever to bec

34、ome a member of its corps de ballet. The following year, she started out with the company on a long European tour. She spent two exciting years dancing in the capitals of Europe, and she rose from her humble place in the corps de ballet all the way to soloist.She had just returned to Warsaw after th

35、is tour when the Polish State Ballet was invited to dance at the Worlds Far in New York early in 1929. But while she was dancing gaily in New York, war clouds were darkening over her native country. Nina had been home for only a month when Hitler marched into Poland.The invading Germans decreed that

36、 anyone who did not have a job would be sent to a work camp. At great risk, Nina refused to dance at the large theater that the Germans had taken-over. Instead she joined a group of Polish dancers in a small, ill-equipped theater where they gave performances only for their own countrymen.The dark ye

37、ars of World War II wore on. One by one, the members of Ninas large and wealthy family were arrested and sent to concentration: camps. Her adored older brother was taken first, then her father, then Nina and her other brothers and sisters. They were separated and sent to different camps. Nina franti

38、cally asked for news of her family from each prisoner who came to her camp. Dreary month dragged by before the tragic news reached her that her beloved brother had been killed from anti-Nazi activities. Her father, too, was deadof starvation.Dazed with grief, she no longer cared whether she lived or

39、 died. Six months later, when liberating troops arrived and threw open the prison gates, she was so thin that she could hardly walk.Barely aware that the war was over; Nina listlessly began to pick up the threads of her life. She was reunited with what was left of her family, and they tried to make

40、some sort of life for themselves in war-tom Poland. She began to feel vague stirrings of the old, familiar desire to dance, but she was still too depressed and weak to practice. Her younger brother tried to encourage her. He began to practice with her, and soon they had built up a charming little da

41、nce routine of their own. Together they found dancing engagements in many Warsaw night spots. The family decided that the best future for Nina as a dancer was in the United Sates, and they started saving money for her to make the trip.Nina arrived in New York in 1947a slight girl whose tragic dark e

42、yes held the only hint of the heartbreak she had been through. She sent about learning to speak English and took intensive ballet lessons to retrain her still-frail body. She applied fora position in the corps de ballet of the Ballet Russe de Monte Carlo in 1948, and was accepted. She worked hard, d

43、etermined to rise to the top. Four years later, she had made the grade-she was the top-ranking ballerina with the Ballet Russe de Monte Carlo.The bitter war had brought Nina heartbreak and had driven her to the verge of physical collapse. But in spite of this; she says today, Always in life, I have

44、luck really have luck! She insists that it was luck that brought her two of her greatest roles. The first was Swan-Hilda in Coppelia. Nina danced that role on three days notice when the Ballet Russe de Monte Carlo was in Chicago. Replacing Danilova, who was ill, she danced so well that she got rave

45、notices from the Chicago critics.It was luck again, according to Nina that brought her the role in Mute wife for which she is best known. The leading ballerina had an argument with the choreographer and walked out. Nina stepped in.She has won a leading role in almost every ballet of the Ballet Russe

46、. Still driven by ambition, she is so dedicated to her profession that nothing else matters to her. Nina Novak has taken for her creed the words of her teacher of long ago: If people tell you that you cannot dance, do not believe them, for you can. But if they say that you are wonderful, do not beli

47、eve them either, for you must always improve.1. When Nina was taken into the Polish Opera Company, she was（）.2. Of the following events, the first to occur was（）.3. Why did Nina refuse to dance at the theater taken over by the Germans?4. It is most accurate to say that the war（）.5. Nina thinks that

48、she（）.问题1选项A.the star or prima ballerinaB.the youngest dancerC.still a beginnerD.the leading professional dancer问题2选项A.the German invasion of PolandB.Ninas European tourC.The Worlds Fair in New YorkD.Ninas becoming a real professional dancer问题3选项A.Because she wanted to dance in a large theatre.B.Bec

49、ause she was no longer interested in dancing.C.Because she did not want to dance for the Germans.D.Because she was ill and too weak to dance.问题4选项A.did not affect Ninas devotion to dancingB.almost ruined Ninas whole lifeC.changed Ninas most important goalsD.had a great influence on Ninas characters问

50、题5选项A.still must prove to others that she can danceB.still must work at learning to danceC.has at last reached her goalD.had made great achievements in dancing.【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:C第4题:A第5题:B【解析】1.细节事实题，根据原文第四段When she was thirteen, she was taken into the Polish Opera Company. She was the youngest dan

51、cer ever to become a member of its corps de ballet. 可知， Nina在十三岁时进入波兰戏剧公司，是最年轻的舞蹈演员。因此，本题正确答案为B项。2.细节事实题。由原文第四段The following year, she started out with the company on a long European tour.可知，在进入Polish Opera Company之后，Nina参与了一个长期的欧洲巡演。因此，本题正确答案为B项。3.C推理判断题。由原文第六段The invading Germans decreed that anyo

52、ne who did not have a job would be sent to a work camp. At great risk, Nina refused to dance at the large theater that the Germans had taken-over Instead he joined a group of Polish dancers in a small, ill-equipped theater where they gave performances only for their own countrymen.可知，入侵的德国人下令，任何没有工作

53、的人都将被送到劳改营。冒着极大的危险，Nina拒绝在德国人占领的大剧院里跳舞，而是加入了一群波兰舞者，在一个设备简陋的小剧院里，只为自己的同胞表演。因此，本题正确答案为C项。4.推理判断题。根据原文内容可知，战争给Nina的人生和舞蹈生涯都带来了很大的打击。她的家人在战争中相继被迫害，她自己也被送到了集中营，但是她始终都保持着对舞蹈的热爱和追求。A选项did not affect Ninas devotion to dancing“没有影响Nina对舞蹈的热爱”符合题意，故正确答案为A项。5.细节事实题。根据原文最后一段If people tell you that you cannot da

54、nce, do not believe them, for you can. But if they say that you are wonderful, do not believe them either for you must always improve. 可知， Nina的信条是不要相信别人对自己的否定，也不要满足于别人对自己的赞扬，人需要不断提升自我。所以B项“她认为自己仍然需要不断地学习舞蹈，提高技艺”符合原文内容，故本题正确答案为B项。23.单选题The Space Age_in October 1975 when the first artificial satellit

55、e was launched by the former Soviet Union.问题1选项A.initiatedB.originatedC.embarkedD.commenced【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项 initiate“开始，发起”，一般指活动，团体的产生；B选项originate“起源于，来自，产生”；C选项embark“上船，装船，从事”，后面常接介词on/upon；D选项commence“开始”，指重大事件及历史时期的开始。根据The Space Age（太空时代）和 the first artificial satellite（第一颗人造卫星）可知是一件重大事件，因

56、此选D。句意：太空时代始于1957年10月，当时苏联发射了第一颗人造卫星。24.单选题It is due to the invention of the computer that man has been able to work so many. A case _ is the successful launching of space shuttle.问题1选项A.in pointB.in questionC.in a wayD.in brier【答案】A【解析】考查短语搭配。A选项in point相关的，恰当的；B选项in question讨论中的，有问题的；C选项in a way从某

57、种程度上，有点儿；D选项in brief简言之。因此，根据句意可知，正是电脑的发明才使得人们在过去的几年中创造了这么多的奇迹，一个恰当的例子就是航天飞机的成功发射。故A项是正确答案。25.单选题The fire has caused great losses, but the factory tried to _the consequences by saying that the damage was not as serious as reported.问题1选项A.decreaseB.subtractC.minimizeD.degrade【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项decrea

58、se“减少，减小”，强调事物逐渐减少的过程，主要是指数量、质量等方面的减少；B选项subtract“减去”；C选项minimize“最小化，将减到最小”；D选项degrade“降低（地位），贬低”。句意：这场火灾造成了巨大损失，但工厂表示损失没有报道的严重，试图将后果降到最低。26.翻译题Translate the following passage into Chinese.Short message service is a mechanism of delivery of short messages over the mobile networks. It is a store and

59、 forward way of transmitting messages to and from mobiles. The message (text only) from the sending mobile is stored in s central short message center which then forwards it to the destination mobile. This means that in the case that the recipient is not available; the short message is stored and ca

60、n be sent later. Each short message can be no longer than 160 characters. These characters can be text or binary Non-Text Short messages. An interesting feature of SMS is return receipts. This means that the sender, if wishes, can get a small message notifying if the short message was delivered to t