2022年考研考博-考博英语-昆明理工大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号33

1、住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-昆明理工大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题Of the great variety of opinions concerning “marriage for money”，the following three are important with reference to the development of the importance of money. Marriages based exclusively upon economic motives have

2、 not only existed in all periods and at all stages of development, but are particularly common among primitive groups and conditions where they do not cause any offence at all. The disparagement of personal dignity that nowadays arises in every marriage that is not based on personal affection so tha

3、t a sense of decency requires the concealment of economic motives does not exist in simpler cultures. The reason for this development is that increasing individualization makes it increasingly contradictory and discreditable to enter into purely individual relationships for other than purely individ

4、ual reasons.For nowadays the choice of a partner in marriage is no longer determined by social motives (though regard for the offspring may be considered to be such a motive), in so far as society does not insist upon the couples equal social status a condition, however, that provides a great deal o

5、f latitude and only rarely leads to conflicts between individual and social interests. In a quite undifferentiated society it may be relatively irrelevant who marries whom, irrelevant not only for the mutual relationship of the couple but also for the offspring. This is because where the constitutio

6、ns, state of health, temperament, internal and external forms of life and orientations are largely the same within the group, the chance that the children will turn out well depends less upon whether the parents agree and complement each other than it does in highly differentiated society. It theref

7、ore seems quite natural and expedient that the choice of the partner should be determined by reasons other than purely individual affection. Yet personal attraction should be decisive in a highly individualized society where a harmonious relationship between two individuals becomes increasingly rare

8、.The declining frequency of marriage which is to be found everywhere in highly civilized cultural circumstances is undoubtedly due, in part, to the fact that highly differentiated people in general have difficulty in finding a completely sympathetic complement to themselves. Yet we do not possess an

9、y other criterion and indication for the advisability of marriage except mutual instinctive attraction. But, happiness is a purely personal matter, decided upon entirely by the couple themselves, and there would be no compelling reason for the official insistence on at least pretending love may be m

10、isleading particularly in the higher strata, whose complicated circumstances often retard the growth of the purest instincts no matter how much other conditions may affect the final results, it remains true that, with reference to procreation, love is decidedly superior to money as a factor selectio

11、n. In fact, in this respect, it is the only right and proper thing.Marriage for money directly creates a situation of panmixia the indiscriminate pairing regardless of individual qualities a condition that biology has demonstrated to be the cause of the most direct and detrimental degeneration of th

12、e human species. In the case of marriage for money, the union of a couple is determined by a factor that has absolutely nothing to do with racial appropriateness just as the regard for money often enough keeps apart a couple who really belong togetherand it should be considered as a factor in degene

13、ration to the same extent to which the undoubted differentiation of individuals makes selection by personal attraction more and more important. This case too illustrates once more that the increasing individualization within society renders money increasingly unsuitable as a mediator of purely indiv

14、idual relationships.1.According to the text, what is said to influence matrimonial compatibility and stability in simpler cultures?2.Marriages motivated by monetary aspirations are more likely not to be camouflaged in what strata of society?3.The marriage rate is said to be decreasing because（ ）.4.H

15、ow is the question of race in relation to marriage similar to the question of money?5.Panmixia is said to（ ）.问题1选项A.Personal dignityB.Economic declineC.Monetary considerationsD.Financial growth问题2选项A.UpperB.MiddleC.LowerD.Lowest问题3选项A.we demand too much of our partnersB.partners dont give compliment

16、sC.people are too differentiated sociallyD.the economic disparity in many regions is growing问题4选项A.They fuel mutual instinctual attraction.B.They inspire individual responsibilities.C.They deflect superficial relationships.D.They prohibit suitable marriages.问题5选项A.aid the selection processB.compleme

17、nt individualizationC.inspire positive resultsD.set up biological decline【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:C第4题:D第5题:D【解析】1.推理判断题。由文章第一段中的Marriages based exclusively upon economic motives have not only existed in all periods and at all stages of development, but are particularly common among primitive groups and co

18、nditions where they do not cause any offence at all.（完全基于经济动机的婚姻不仅存在于所有时期和发展的所有阶段，而且在原始群体和根本不构成犯罪的条件下尤其普遍）可知经济因素影响婚姻的兼容性和稳定性，因此C选项“货币因素”符合题意。2.推理判断题。由文章第三段中的and there would be no compelling reason for the official insistence on at least pretending love may be misleading particularly in the higher st

19、rata, whose complicated circumstances often retard the growth of the purest instincts（官方坚持至少假装爱可能会误导人，这是没有说服力的理由的尤其是在高层，他们复杂的环境常常阻碍最纯粹本能的发展）可推测以金钱愿望为动机的婚姻在社会的高层，更可能伪装，相反，在社会的最低层，最不可能伪装，因此选D。3.推理判断题。由文章第三段中的The declining frequency of marriage which is to be found everywhere in highly civilized cultur

20、al circumstances is undoubtedly due, in part, to the fact that highly differentiated people in general have difficulty in finding a completely sympathetic complement to themselves.（在高度文明的文化环境中随处可见的结婚率下降的部分原因是，高度分化的人很难找到一个完全与符合自己的互补）可知结婚率下降的部分原因是很难找到与自己互补的人，说明人们之间的差异大，因此C选项“人们在社会上的差异太大”符合题意。4.细节事实题。由

21、文章最后一段中的In the case of marriage for money, the union of a couple is determined by a factor that has absolutely nothing to do with racial appropriateness just as the regard for money often enough keeps apart a couple who really belong together（在为钱而结婚的情况下，一对夫妇的结合是由一个与种族适当性完全无关的因素决定的，就像对金钱的重视常常会使真正属于一对

22、夫妇的人分开一样）可知D选项“他们阻止合适的婚姻”符合题意。5.细节事实题。由文章最后一段中的Marriage for money directly creates a situation of panmixia the indiscriminate pairing regardless of individual qualities a condition that biology has demonstrated to be the cause of the most direct and detrimental degeneration of the human species.（为钱而

23、结婚直接造成了一种无差别的情况不分个人素质的不分青红皂白的配对生物学已经证明，这种情况是导致人类物种最直接和最有害的退化的原因）可知D选项“引发生物衰退”符合题意。2.单选题The question of salary increase will（ ）at the next general meeting.问题1选项A.come offB.come upC.come toD.come through【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项come off“成功，离开，举行，实现”；B选项come up“发生，被提出，被讨论，走近”；C选项come to“恢复知觉，苏醒”；D选项come thro

24、ugh“安然度过，批准通过，获得成功”。空格处为谓语动词，其主语为The question of salary increase（增加工资的问题），故B选项符合语境。句意：增加工资的问题将在下一次大会上被提出。3.单选题She was delirious last night, but she seems quite（ ）this morning.问题1选项A.insaneB.lucidC.patientD.messy【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项insane“精神失常的，精神错乱的”；B选项lucid“表达清楚的，头脑清晰的，清醒的”；C选项patient“有耐心的，能忍耐的”；D

25、选项messy“肮脏的，凌乱的”。由but（表示转折关系）可知空格处与前面的delirious（极度亢奋的，精神错乱的）意思相反，因此选B。句意：她昨晚神志不清，但今天早上似乎很清醒。4.单选题A chameleon is a type of reptile that can（ ）the color of its surroundings so that it can not be seen easily.问题1选项A.deal withB.take onC.seek outD.escape from【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项deal with“涉及，处理”；B选项take on“

26、呈现，显出（新面貌或新特点）”；C选项seek out“搜出，找出”；D选项escape from“逃脱”。从句“that can_the color of its surroundings”中的空格处应填入一个谓语动词，其宾语为color，故B选项符合逻辑搭配。句意：变色龙是一种爬行动物，它可以呈现周围环境的颜色，因此不容易被看见。5.单选题In court he repeated his（ ）that he was not guilty in front of the jury.问题1选项A.impressionB.alliterationC.clausesD.assertions【答案】

27、D【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项impression“感想，印象，影响”；B选项alliteration“头韵，头韵法”；C选项clause“从句，分句，（法律文件等的）条款”；D选项assertion“断言，声称，主张”。由In court（在法庭上）与he was not guilt（他是无罪的）可知D选项符合逻辑搭配。句意：在法庭上，他在陪审团面前重申了他是无罪的声明。6.单选题Generous public funding of basic science would（ ）considerable benefits for the countrys health, wealth and

28、security.问题1选项A.result fromB.settle downC.lie inD.lead to【答案】D【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项result from“产生于， 由引起”；B选项settle down“定居”；C选项lie in“在于，位于”；D选项lead to“导致，把带到”。根据句子之间的逻辑关系可知选D，表示慷慨的公共资助会给国家带来好处。句意：对基础科学慷慨的公共资助将为国家的健康、财富和安全带来可观的好处。7.单选题（ ）sermons retained their preeminence in religious life during most of t

29、he twentieth century, they are gradually losing that central places as churches devote more energy to social activities.问题1选项A.ForB.AlthoughC.AsD.Since【答案】B【解析】考查连词辨析。A选项for“因为，由于”；B选项thought“虽然，尽管”；C选项as“当时，随着，照方式， 因为，由于”；D选项since“自以来，由于，既然”。由sermons retained their preeminence（布道保留了它们的优势地位）与they ar

30、e gradually losing that central places（它们逐渐失去了中心位置）可知前后两句之间表示转折让步关系，因此选B。句意：尽管布道在20世纪的大部分时间里仍然在宗教生活中占据着主导地位，但随着教会将更多的精力投入到社会活动中，布道逐渐失去了中心位置。8.单选题I felt somewhat disappointed and was about to leave,（ ）something occurred which attracted my attention.问题1选项A.unlessB.untilC.whenD.while【答案】C【解析】考查时间状语从句。根

31、据句意可知发生的事，是在我打算离开的时候，故空格处需要一个连词引导时间状语从句，排除A、B选项，occurred为短暂性动词，而while引导的从句动词必须是持续性动词，因此选C。句意：我有些失望且正要离开时，突然发生了一件事引起了我的注意。9.单选题He was a lonely, miserable（ ）.问题1选项A.feastB.spouseC.wretchD.dignity【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项feast“盛宴，宴会，（宗教的）节日”；B选项spouse“配偶”；C选项wretch“不幸的人，可怜的人”；D选项dignity“尊严，尊贵”。由lonely（孤独的，孤单

32、的）和miserable（可怜的）可知C选项最符合语境，带有感情色彩。句意：他是一个孤独，悲惨的可怜人。10.单选题The waste pipe is blocked; try （ ）it out with hot water, or just call the plumber to do it.问题1选项A.blushingB.crushingC.brushingD.flushing【答案】D【解析】考查形近词辨析。A选项blush“脸红”；B选项crush“压破，压碎”；C选项brush“（用刷子）刷净，刷亮”；D选项flush“发红，脸红，（用水）冲洗”。根据句意可知此处指用热水冲洗，因

33、此选D。句意：排污管被堵住了，试试用热水冲洗，或者叫水管工来做。11.单选题（ ）the way, we set off on foot into the dark night.问题1选项A.The guide ledB.With the guide leadingC.With the guide to leadD.With the guide lead【答案】B【解析】考查非谓语动词。非谓语动词的不定式表示将来或目的，过去分词表示被动，现在分词表示主动。句中的guide（导游）与lead（带领）之间表示主动关系，因此选B。句意：在导游的带领下，我们在黑夜里步行出发了。12.单选题When s

34、he saw the clouds she went back to the house to （ ）her umbrella.问题1选项A.carryB.fetchC.bringD.reach【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项carry“拿，运送，携带”，指一般的搬运，多指用人力；B选项fetch“（去）拿来，（去）请来”，指说话人离开说话处，去别处把某人或某物带来；C选项bring“带来，引来”，从别处拿某物到说话人处，由远及近；D选项reach“到达”。根据选项的意思及句意可知选B。句意：当她看到了乌云的时候，她回到房子里去拿她的雨伞。13.单选题In general, our so

35、ciety is becoming one of giant enterprises directed by a bureaucratic management in which man becomes a small, well-oiled cog in the machinery. The oiling is done with higher wages, well-ventilated factories and piped music, and by psychologists and “human-relations” experts; yet all this oiling doe

36、s not alter the fact that man has become powerless, that he does not wholeheartedly participate in his work and that he is bored with it. In fact, the blue and the white-collar workers have become economic puppets who dance to the tune of automated machines and bureaucratic management.The worker and

37、 employee are anxious，not only because they might find themselves out of a job; they are anxious also because they are unable to acquire any real satisfaction or interest in life. They live and die without ever having confronted the fundamental realities of human existence as emotionally and intelle

38、ctually independent and productive human beings.Those higher up on the social ladder are no less anxious. Their lives are no less empty than those of their subordinates. They are even more insecure in some respects. They are in a highly competitive race. To be promoted or fall behind is not a matter

39、 of salary but even more a matter of self-respect. When they apply for their job, they are tested for intelligence as well as for the tight mixture of submissiveness and independence. From that moment on they are tested again and again by the psychologists, for whom testing is a big business, and by

40、 their superiors, who judge their behavior, sociability, capacity to get along, etc. This constant need to prove that one is as good as or better than ones fellow-competitor creates constant anxiety and stress, the very causes of unhappiness and illness.Am I suggesting that we should return to the p

41、re-industrial mode of production or to nineteenth-century “free enterprise” capitalism? Certainly not. Problems are never solved by returning to a stage which one has already outgrown. I suggest transforming our social system from a bureaucratically managed industrialism in which maximal production

42、and consumption are ends in themselves into a humanist industrialism in which man and full development of his potentialities those of all love and of reason are the aims of social arrangements. Production and consumption should serve only as means to this end, and should be prevented from ruling man

43、.1.By “a well-oiled cog in the machinery the author intends to render the idea that man is（ ）.2.The real cause of the anxiety of the workers and employees is that（ ）.3.From the passage we can infer that real happiness of life belongs to those（ ）.4.To solve the present social problems the author sugg

44、ests that we should（ ）.5.The authors attitude towards industrialism might best be summarized as one of（ ）.问题1选项A.a necessary part of the society though each individuals function is negligibleB.working in complete harmony with the rest of the societyC.an unimportant part in comparison with the rest o

45、f the society, though functioning smoothlyD.a humble component of the society, especially when working smoothly问题2选项A.they are likely to lose their jobsB.they have no genuine satisfaction or interest in lifeC.they are faced with the fundamental realities of human existenceD.they are deprived of thei

46、r individuality and independence问题3选项A.who are at the bottom of the societyB.who are higher up in their social statusC.who prove better than their fellow competitorsD.who could keep far away from this competitive world问题4选项A.resort to the production mode of our ancestorsB.offer higher wages to the w

47、orkers and employeesC.enable man to fully develop his potentialitiesD.take the fundamental realities for granted问题5选项A.approvalB.dissatisfactionC.suspicionD.tolerance【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:D第4题:C第5题:B【解析】1.推理判断题。由文章第一段中的yet all this oiling does not alter the fact that man has become powerless（然而，所有这些润滑剂并

48、不能改变人已经变得毫无力量的事实）可知C选项“与社会其他部分相比不重要的一部分，尽管运行平稳”符合题意。2.细节事实题。由文章第二段中的They live and die without ever having confronted the fundamental realities of human existence as emotionally and intellectually independent and productive human beings.（他们生老病死，从来没有面对过人类作为情感上和智力上独立和有生产力的人存在的基本现实）可知D选项“他们被剥夺了个性和独立性”符合

49、题意。3.推理判断题。由文章第三段中的This constant need to prove that one is as good as or better than ones fellow-competitor creates constant anxiety and stress（不断地需要证明自己和竞争对手一样好，或者比竞争对手强，这就产生了持续的焦虑和压力）可知D选项“能远离这个竞争激烈的世界的人”符合题意。4.细节事实题。由文章最后一段中的into a humanist industrialism in which man and full development of his p

50、otentialities those of all love and of reason are the aims of social arrangements（变成一种以人为本的工业主义，在这种工业中，在这里人及其潜能爱和理性的充分开发是所有社会安排的目的）可知C选项“使人能充分发挥自己的潜力”符合题意。5.观点态度题。由文章第一段的内容可知作者将社会比作一个机械，人只是这个机械中的一个小齿轮，并对其进行了讽刺和批评，因此B选项“不满”符合题意。14.单选题Plastics are the best insulator of electricity, rubber（ ）it closely

51、.问题1选项A.followingB.followedC.to followD.being followed【答案】A【解析】考查非谓语动词。非谓语动词的不定式表示将来或目的，过去分词表示被动，现在分词表示主动。句中的it指代plastic，此处表示rubber紧跟plastic后面，为主动关系，因此选A。句意：塑料是最好的绝缘材料，橡胶紧随其后。15.单选题The（ ）view in Britain and other Western countries associates aging with decline, dependency, isolation, and often pover

52、ty.问题1选项A.predominantB.credulousC.inclusiveD.sustainable【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项predominant“主要的，占主导地位的”；B选项credulous“轻信的，易受骗的”；C选项inclusive“包括的，包罗广泛的”；D选项sustainable“可持续的”。此处表示英国和其他西方国家的主要观点，故选A。句意：英国和其他西方国家的主流观点认为，老龄化通常与衰落、依赖、孤立以及贫穷有关。16.单选题In spite of my repeated apologies, she never forgave me for my

53、（ ）her private affairs.问题1选项A.potential forB.expertise ofC.intrusion intoD.injection into【答案】C【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项potential for“有潜能/可能”；B选项expertise of“专业技能/知识”；C选项intrusion into“侵入，侵犯，侵扰”；D选项injection into“注射，注入”。由private affairs（隐私）可知C选项符合逻辑搭配。句意：尽管我一再道歉，但她不会原谅我侵犯了她的隐私。17.单选题It is rather（ ）that we still

54、 do not know how many species there are in the world today.问题1选项A.misleadingB.boringC.embarrassingD.demanding【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项misleading“误导性的”；B选项boring“无聊的，无趣的”；C选项embarrassing“使人尴尬的，令人为难的”；D选项demanding“要求高的，要求极严的”。句中的it为形式主语，that引导主语从句，由“we still do not know how many species there are in the wo

55、rld today（我们仍然不知道今天世界上有多少种物种）”可知C选项符合语境。句意：我们现在还不知道世界上有多少物种，这是相当令人尴尬的。18.单选题Benjamin Franklin, tactless in his youth, became so diplomatic, so（ ）at handling people that he was made American Ambassador to France.问题1选项A.shrewdB.foxyC.considerateD.adroit【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项shrewd“精明的，敏锐的”，指有头脑，善于判断分析，精

56、明过人；B选项foxy“狡猾的”；C选项considerate“考虑周到的，体贴的”；D选项adroit“（尤指待人接物）精明的，干练的，机敏的”。根据空格处前后句意，可知空格处与tactless（得罪人的，不圆通的）表示的意思相反，因此选D。句意：本杰明富兰克林，年轻时并不圆滑，后来变得很有外交手腕，善于与人打交道，因此被任命为美国驻法国大使。19.单选题I second Mr. Smiths motion that we（ ）a special board to examine the problem.问题1选项A.set upB.have to set upC.are to set up

57、D.may set up【答案】A【解析】考查虚拟语气。在英语中，表示“命令、建议、愿望、要求”等的词（不管是动词、名词、形容词）之后的从句用should+动词原词，而且should可以省略。句中的motion表示“提议”，其后是由that引导的同位语从句，因此选A。句意：我赞成史密斯先生的提议，即我们成立一个专门委员会来审查这个问题。20.单选题（ ）scientists have observed increased pollution in the water supply.问题1选项A.LateB.LaterC.LatterD.Lately【答案】D【解析】考查形近词辨析。A选项lat

58、e“晚的”；B选项later“后来的，以后，其后”；C选项latter“（刚提及的两者中）后者的，（系列中）最后的”；D选项lately“最近，近来”。根据have observed可知句子为现在完成时，因此选D。句意：最近，科学家们观察到供水中的污染增加了。21.单选题Barry had an advantage over his mother （ ）he could speak French.问题1选项A.since thatB.in thatC.at thatD.so that【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项since that“从那以后”；B选项in that“因为，在于”；C选

59、项at that“而且，因此”；D选项so that“以便”。根据逻辑关系可知空格后面表示的是原因，因此选B。句意：Barry比他妈妈有优势，因为他会讲法语。22.单选题One of the wrong notions about science is that many scientific discoveries have come about（ ）.问题1选项A.accordinglyB.accidentallyC.artificiallyD.additionally【答案】B【解析】考查形近词辨析。A选项accordingly“照着，相应地，因此”；B选项accidentally“偶然

60、地，意外地，非故意地”；C选项artificially“人工的，人造的”；D选项additionally“此外”。空格处副词修饰动词，B选项符合语境。句意：关于科学的错误观念之一是许多科学发现是偶然发生的。23.单选题No woman can be too rich or too thin. This saying often attributed to the late Duchess of Windsor embodies much of the odd spirit of our times. Being thin is deemed as such a virtue.The probl