2022年考研考博-考博英语-华东师范大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号36

1、住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-华东师范大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题Color-blind people often find it difficult to（）between blue and green.问题1选项A.separateB.compareC.contrastD.distinguish【答案】D【解析】词义辨析题。separate分离；compare比较；contrast对比；distinguish辨别。句意：色盲患者经常很难区分蓝色和绿色。选项D正确。2.单选题Probabl

2、y no man had more effect on the daily lives of most people in the United States（）Henry Ford, a pioneer in automobile production.问题1选项A.than hadB.than wasC.than didD.as was【答案】A【解析】语法题。more.than.为有关比较的固定用法,首先排除选项D。did代动词,代替had an effect on the daily lives of most people of the USA,所以选项C正确。句意：恐怕没有谁对大多

3、数美国人的日常生活影响能超过汽车生产的先驱亨利.福特。3.翻译题Put the following into Chinese.To be really happy and really safe, one ought to have at least two or three hobbies, and they must all be real. It is no use starting late in life to say: “I will take an interest in this or that.” Such an attempt only aggravates the str

4、ain of mental effort. A man may acquire great knowledge of topics unconnected with his daily work, and yet hardly get any benefit or relief. It is no use doing what you like; you have got to like what you do. Broadly speaking, human beings may be divided into three classes: those who are toiled to d

5、eath, those who are worried to death, and those who are bored to death. It is no use offering the manual laborer, tired out with a hard weeks sweat and effort, the chance of playing a game of football or baseball on Saturday afternoon. It is no use inviting the politician or the professional or busi

6、nessman, who has been working or worrying about serious things for six days, to work or worry about trifling things at the weekend.【答案】要想获得真正的快乐与安宁, 一个人至少应该有两到三种业余爱好, 而且必须是真正的爱好。到了晚年才说“我要培养这个或那个兴趣”是无用的, 这种尝试只会増加精神上的负担。一个人可以在自己工作之外的领域获得渊博的知识, 不过他可能几乎得不到什么收益或是放松。做你喜欢的事是没用的, 你必须喜欢你所做的事。总的来说, 人可以分为三种：劳累

7、而死的人、忧虑而死的人、和烦恼而死的人。对于那些体力劳动者来说, 经历了一周辛苦劳作已经使他们精疲力尽, 周六下午让他们去踢足球或是打棒球是没有意义的。而对那些政治家、专业人士或者商人来说, 他们已经为棘手的事情操劳或烦恼六天了, 周末再让他们为琐事劳神同样毫无意义。4.单选题She suggested that the expedition be（）with the latest scientific equipment.问题1选项A.afflictedB.permeatedC.paddledD.outfitted【答案】D【解析】动词辨析题。afflicted折磨、使痛苦；permeate

8、渗透、弥漫；paddled划桨；outfitted配备、机构。句意：她建议探险队配备最新的科学设备。选项D符合句意。5.单选题The Portuguese give a great deal of credit to one man for having promoted sea travel, that man（）Prince Henry the navigator, who lived in the 15thcentury.问题1选项A.wasB.namedC.beingD.called【答案】B【解析】考查分词的独立主格结构。分词做状语时其逻辑主语必须与主句主语一致,若不一致时,则要加上

9、自己的逻辑主语。选项B正确。句意：葡萄牙人非常赞赏一个人,因为他促进了海上旅行,这个人就是生活在15世纪的航海家亨利王子。6.单选题Love and friendship have much（1）. If two persons are to be（2）, they must find contentment in each others（3）, suffer pain in each others failure, and（4）pleasure in each others success. Each must find（5）the mood and temperament of the o

10、ther something（6）and congenial. But any deep and permanent friendshipa larger common area than romantic love. Notoriously, the prince may fall in love with the chorus girl when the two have almost（8）in common. But friendships are based（9）, on common interests in a project, an art, or a cause; one th

11、inks of Marks and Engels, Cobden and Bright, Gilbert and Sullivan, the Mayo brothers, Weber and Fields.Still, common interests by themselves will not（10）friendship and many co-workers have been（11）and enemies.（12）about values, about things, admired and liked and（14）. It is not（15）if, whenever we gro

12、w enthusiastic about dancing or music or flying or science, our companion can only say, “Sorry, but I（16）all that detestable.”（17）of the blessings of friendship is that it supplies a sounding-board which,（18）our own delights, makes them greater. And by a happy correlative law, sorrows when shared gr

13、ow less. Friends（19）each other like the sides of an arch; they gain（20）, security, reassurance in failure, added happiness in success, and a large increment of courage merely from facing things side by side.问题1选项A.in commonB.differencesC.differentiationsD.to learn问题2选项A.professorsB.friendsC.students

14、D.competitors问题3选项A.attitudeB.personalityC.companyD.emergency问题4选项A.makeB.rakeC.fakeD.take问题5选项A.forB.inC.atD.on问题6选项A.strangeB.exclusiveC.destructiveD.attractive问题7选项A.calls forB.calls onC.calls offD.calls down问题8选项A.nothingB.somethingC.anythingD.everything问题9选项A.as a ruleB.by ruleC.to a ruleD.with

15、 a rule问题10选项A.guardB.guaranteeC.growD.grease问题11选项A.rivalsB.collaboratorsC.dedicatorsD.keepers问题12选项A.AB.NoC.FullD.Few问题13选项A.face to faceB.from mouth to mouthC.eye to eyeD.nose to nose问题14选项A.dislikingB.dislikedC.to dislikeD.dislike问题15选项A.featuredB.featheredC.furtheredD.fettered问题16选项A.locateB.pr

16、ovideC.findD.sustain问题17选项A.AnyB.SomeC.NoneD.One问题18选项A.in echoingB.in writingC.in drawingD.in making问题19选项A.produceB.fortifyC.yieldD.abuse问题20选项A.irritationB.silenceC.suspicionD.contentment【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:B第4题:D第5题:B第6题:D第7题:A第8题:A第9题:A第10题:B第11题:A第12题:C第13题:C第14题:B第15题:C第16题:C第17题:D第18题:A第19题:B第

17、20题:D【解析】（1）固定搭配。have sth. in common在.有共同点。故选择A。（2）逻辑衔接。根据上文提到的friendship可以推出填空处应该为friends, 所以选项B正确。（3）语义衔接、逻辑衔接。成为朋友的两个人, 要对彼此的个性感到满意。（4）take pleasure为固定搭配, 指获得快乐。（5）语义衔接、逻辑衔接。将句子调整一下顺序便能理解了, 句意为：在彼此的性格中去寻找共同点, 选项B正确。（6）语义衔接、逻辑衔接。根据原文可知, 填空处填入的词应与congenial（意气相投）意思相近, 所以选项D符合原文。（7）逻辑衔接、词义辨析。call for

18、需求, 需要；call on拜访, 请求；call off取消；call down招致, 责骂。根据原文, 任何深厚且永恒的友谊都需要比浪漫爱情有更多的相同之处。选项A符合原文。（8）语义衔接、逻辑衔接。根据原文, 王子和合唱队的女孩几乎没有没有共同点。（9）逻辑衔接、词义辨析。as a rule通常, 一般说来；by rule墨守成规地, 按照规则地；选项C、D没有这种用法；填空处为插入语, 所以选项A更符合原文。（10）语义衔接、词义辨析。guard保卫, 监视；guarantee保证, 确保；grow生长；grease贿赂。根据原文：然而, 他们之间共同的兴趣也不能保证友谊长存。选项B符

19、合原文。（11）语义衔接、词义辨析。根据原文可知, 填空处应填入与enemies意思相近的词。rivals竞争对手；collaborators合作者；dedicators奉献者, 献身者；keepers看护人。选项A正确。（12）逻辑衔接。根据原文可推断, 这里应该指完全意义上的友谊。（13）语义衔接。See eye to eye为固定搭配, 意为看法一致, 意见相同 。（14）语义衔接。and连接的两个词, 形式需保持一致。根据前面的“liked”,可知后面应该为“disliked”,选项B正确。（15）语义衔接, 词义辨析。根据下文的内容, 当我们都某些东西很感兴趣的时候, 朋友却感到厌恶

20、, 那么友谊就不会进一步发展。所以选项C符合句意。（16）语义衔接、词义辨析。根据原文, 这里应该指：我感觉/发现这一切都很无聊, 选项C符合原文。sustain指维持, 支撑。（17）语法、固定搭配。根据后面的谓语动词is可首先排除选项A和B。根据原文, 这里指友谊的一个好处是.。（18）语义衔接、逻辑衔接。根据原文：友谊的好处之一是它提供了一个音板, 在对我们自身的快乐做出回应时, 使它们变得更伟大。（19）语义衔接、词义辨析。根据下文“like the sides of an arch”可知这里应该选fortify加固、巩固。produce生产；yield产生；abuse滥用。（20）语

21、义衔接、逻辑衔接。根据下文的security, reassurance可知填空处应填入意义相近的词。选项D符合。 irritation恼火；silence沉默；suspicion怀疑。7.单选题To say that the child learns（1）imitation and that the way to teach is to set a good example oversimplifies. No child imitates every（2）he sees. Sometimes, the example the parent wants him to（3）is ignored

22、while he takes over contrary patterns from some other example. Therefore we must turn（4）Look at it from the childs point of view. Here he is in a new situation, lacking a（5）response. He is seeking a response which will gain certain（6）.If he lacks a ready response for the situation, and cannot reason

23、（7）what to do, he observes a（8）who seems able to get the right（9）. The child looks for a/an（10）There is a second element at（11）in this situation. The child may be able to（12）his immediate goal only to（13）that his method brings criticism（14）people who observe him. When shouting across the house achie

24、ves his immediate end of delivering a message, he is（15）emphatically that this action is unpleasant, that he should walk into the next room and say his say quietly. Thus,the desire to（16）any objective situation is overlaid（17）the desire to solve it properly. One of the early things the child learns

25、is that he gets more affection and（18）some actions and criticize others. If one is to maintain the support of others and his own self-respect, he must（20）responses his social group approves.问题1选项A.throughB.fromC.byD.with问题2选项A.actionB.thingC.situationD.adult问题3选项A.learnB.setC.imitateD.follow问题4选项A.f

26、romB.toC.forD.into问题5选项A.readyB.immediateC.goodD.reasonable问题6选项A.endsB.purposeC.intentionD.goal问题7选项A.upB.forC.throughD.out问题8选项A.studentB.exampleC.modelD.child问题9选项A.effectB.rewardC.resultD.outcome问题10选项A.professionalB.authorityC.specialistD.teacher问题11选项A.workingB.workC.the workD.his问题12选项A.attai

27、nB.findC.acquireD.grasp问题13选项A.tellB.getC.findD.realize问题14选项A.toB.intoC.fromD.out of问题15选项A.informedB.askedC.notifiedD.told问题16选项A.solveB.faceC.encounterD.avoid问题17选项A.byB.withC.inD.for问题18选项A.likeB.loveC.consentD.approval问题19选项A.grantB.appraiseC.rewardD.award问题20选项A.doB.takeC.adoptD.employ【答案】第1题:

28、C第2题:A第3题:D第4题:B第5题:A第6题:A第7题:D第8题:C第9题:C第10题:B第11题:B第12题:A第13题:C第14题:C第15题:D第16题:A第17题:B第18题:D第19题:C第20题:C【解析】（1）by表示“通过”。句意：孩子通过模仿学习, 符合句意。（2）根据原文推测, 孩子模仿的是动作,而不是人或某个东西, 所以选项A符合原文。（3）follow the example意为“模仿,效仿”。（4）turn to转向, 求助于。这里表示的是我们必须求助于一个独特的理论。（5）根据下文中的a ready response,可知这里也应填入ready。a ready

29、response快速的反应。因为孩子面对的是新的情形,所以他无法做出快速的反应。（6）gain ones ends为固定搭配, 意为达到目的, 成功。这里指孩子会寻求做出某种反应来实现某种目的。（7）这里表达的是孩子面对这种情形缺少做出反应的能力,就不知道该怎么做。reason out“推理出,推断出”,符合句意, 选项D符合句意。（8）根据原文：当孩子不知道该怎么做时,他会找一个榜样,观察这个榜样是怎么做的。选项C符合原文。（9）这里指的是孩子所找到的榜样, 榜样是能够获得好的结果的。result泛指结果本身, outcome强调一件事情的结局, 所以选项C更符合原文。（10）根据原文：孩子

30、们找寻权威或专家来告诉他们该做什么。填空处的词应与expert意思相近, authority“权威”相对来说更符合原文。（11）at work为固定搭配，意为“起作用”。原文指“在这种情形下,还有第二种因素在起作用”。（12）attain ones goal为固定搭配，意为“达到目标”。这里强调的是目标的实现, 所以选项A符合原文。（13）根据原文：孩子可能能够实现自己的目标,但是发现自己的方法会招来批评。选项C符合句意。（14）这里的批评来自于那些观察他的人, 强调的是来源, 所以应填入介词from。（15）句意：传递消息通过大声喊叫, 别人就会告诉他这种行为是令人不愉快的。tell“告诉”

31、,较口语化, 符合句意。inform和notify过于正式, ask与句意不符。（16）原文指的是处理面对的这种情形, 选项A正确。（17）be overlaid with为固定搭配, 意为“被掩盖”。（18）句意：当父母喜欢他的做事方法时,他就会获得更多的爱和支持。love与affection同义, 故排除。（19）reward“回报”；award“授予,颁发”。原文指对孩子行为的认可和回报, 所以选项C正确。（20）句意：想要获得别人的支持和自尊, 他就必须采用他的群体所支持的方法。选项C符合句意。8.单选题I hope you are not（）that I obtained this

32、money dishonestly.问题1选项A.implyingB.involvingC.deducingD.denoting【答案】A【解析】Implying暗示,隐含；involving涉及,包括；deducing推测；denoting指示,表示。句意：我希望你不是在暗示我是通过不正当的手段获得这笔钱的。选项A符合句意。9.单选题To forgive may be divine, but no one ever said it was easy. When someone has deeply hurt you, it can be extremely difficult to let

33、go of your grudge. But forgiveness is possible - and it can surprisingly beneficial to your physical and mental health.“People who forgive show less depression, anger and stress and more hopefulness,” says Frederic, Ph. D., author of Forgive for Good. “So it can help save on the wear and tear on our

34、 organs, reduce the wearing out of the immune system and allow people to feel more vital.”So how do you start the healing? Try following these steps:Calm yourself. To defuse your anger, try a simple stress-management technique. “Take a couple of breaths and think of something that gives you pleasure

35、: a beautiful scene in nature, someone you love,” Frederic says.Dont wait for an apology. “Many times the person who hurt you has no intention of apologizing,” Frederic says. “They may have wanted to hurt you or they just dont see things the same way. So if you wait for people to apologize, you coul

36、d be waiting an awfully long time.” Keep in mind that forgiveness does not necessarily mean reconciliation with the person who upset you or condoning of his or her action.Take the control away from your offender. Mentally replaying your hurt gives power to the person who caused you pain. “Instead of

37、 focusing on your wounded feelings, learn to look for the love, beauty and kindness around you,” Frederic says.Try to see things from the other persons perspective. If you empathize with that person, you may realize that he or she was acting out of ignorance, fear, even love. To gain perspective, yo

38、u may want to write a letter to yourself from your offenders point of view.Recognize the benefits of forgiveness. Research has shown that people who forgive report more energy, better appetite and better sleep patterns.Dont forget to forgive yourself. “For some people, forgiving themselves is the bi

39、ggest challenge,” Frederic says. “But it can rob you of your self-confidence if you dont do it.”1.Forgiveness is（）2.What does “wear and tear” mean?3.Which is Not the technique of healing?4.Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?5.What is the main idea of the passage?问题1选项A.easy to d

40、oB.nobleC.only beneficial to physical healthD.impossible to get your grudge go问题2选项A.Damage resulting from ordinary use.B.Energy.C.Friction.D.Moisture.问题3选项A.Inhale deeply.B.Mentally replay your hurt often.C.Distract your attention.D.Think in another point of view.问题4选项A.The person who hurt you is s

41、ure to make an apology to you later on.B.You may condone others wrong doings.C.Forgiveness doesnt equal obeyance.D.You should negotiate with the person who upset you.问题5选项A.Ways to get well from your hurt.B.To forgive may be divine, but no one ever said it was easy.C.Forgiveness benefits to your phy

42、sical and mental health.D.An introduction to the book Forgive for Good.【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:B第4题:C第5题:C【解析】1.细节事实题。根据第一段的第一句可知选项A错误；而divine与noble同义, 所以选项B正确；根据第一段的最后一句“forgiveness can surprisingly beneficial to your physical and mental health”可知选项C错误；根据第一段的第二句“it can be extremely difficult to let go of

43、 your grudge.”可知选项D也错误。所以本题选B。2.语义题。damage resulting from ordinary use日常中的损伤；friction摩擦力；moisture水分, 湿度。根据原文可知, 这里指可以帮助我们减少器官的磨损。选项A符合原文。3.细节事实题。根据第六段的第二句“Mentally replaying your hurt gives power to the person who caused you pain.”在心里重演你的伤痛, 只会给予伤害你的人力量。所以选项B并不是治疗的好方法。4.判断推理题。根据第五段的最后一句“forgiveness

44、does not necessarily mean reconciliation with the person who upset you or condoning of his or her action.”宽恕并不一定意味着与让你心烦的人和解, 也不意味着宽恕他或她的行为。选项C符合原文。5.主旨大意题。forgiveness为本文的关键词, 再结合全文内容可知, 本文主要是讲如何宽恕以及宽恕的益处。选项C更符合原文。其他选项都太片面。10.单选题“On no account（）to feed the animals,” the warning can be seen on the si

45、gnboard in front of every cage.问题1选项A.allow visitorsB.visitors are allowedC.are visitors allowedD.are allowed visitors【答案】C【解析】考査倒装。当否定词位于句首时，句子要部分倒装，即将be动词提前。根据句意这里指参观者不被允许，所以选项C正确。11.单选题he board deemed it urgent that these files（）right away.问题1选项A.had to be printedB.should have been printedC.have

46、been printedD.be printed【答案】D【解析】语法题。当句中出现deem, suggest, insist, require等表主观愿望的词时,从句需要使用虚拟语气,即should+动词原形, should可省略。根据句意：委员会认为迫切需要立即把这些文件打印出来。由此可知文件还没打印,所以不用完成时。选项D正确。12.单选题Mary（）the document carefully to make sure that there were no errors in it.问题1选项A.scrutinizedB.overlookedC.skippedD.disregarded

47、【答案】A【解析】动词辨析题。scrutinized详细检查；overlooked忽略、检查；skipped跳读；disregarded忽视。句意：玛丽仔细检查了文件以确保没有错误。选项A符合句意。13.单选题I apologize if I（）you, but I assure you it was unintentional.问题1选项A.offendC. had offendedB.C. had offendedB.C.had offendedB.should have offendedD.might have offended【答案】C【解析】考查虚拟语气。虚拟条件句的是对过去的事情的

48、虚拟，所以从句中时态应为过去完成时。选项C正确。14.单选题I dont think it is（）to reconstruct the destroyed forest ecosystem in a few years.问题1选项A.plausibleB.notableC.considerableD.feasible【答案】D【解析】词义辨析题。plausible可信的；notable显著的；considerable值得考虑的；feasible可行的。句意：我认为在几年内重建受破坏的森林生态系统是不可行的。选项D符合句意。15.单选题Faces, like fingerprints, are

49、 unique. Did you（1）wonder how it is possible for us to（2）people? Even a skilled writer probably could not describe all the（3）that make one face different from another. Yet a very young child（4）an animal, such as a pigeoncan learn to recognize faces. We all（5）this ability for granted. We also tell pe

50、ople apart（6）how they behave. When we talk about someones personality, we mean（7）in which he or she acts, speaks, thinks, and feels that（8）that individual different from others. Like the human face, human personality is very complex. But describing someones personality（9）words is somewhat easier tha

51、n（10）his face. If you were asked to describe what a “nice face” looked like, you（11）have a difficult time doing so. But if you were asked to describe a “nice person,” you（12）（13）, friendly, warm, and so forth. There are many words to describe（14）a person thinks, feels, and acts. Gordon Airport（15）U.

52、S. psychologist, found nearly 18,000 English words（16）differences in peoples behavior. And many of us use this information as a（17）for describing or typing a（18）.（19）military typespeople are described with such（20）.问题1选项A.sometimesB.everC.alwaysD.anytime问题2选项A.spotB.locateC.knowD.recognize问题3选项A.fea

53、turesB.charactersC.distinctionsD.qualities问题4选项A.or evenB.and alsoC.and thenD.and too问题5选项A.haveB.useC.takeD.regard问题6选项A.inB.byC.fromD.with问题7选项A.the mannersB.the meansC.the waysD.the patterns问题8选项A.causesB.causeC.makesD.make问题9选项A.withB.byC.inD.using问题10选项A.description ofB.describingC.to describeD

54、.describe问题11选项A.willB.wouldC.shallD.should问题12选项A.mayB.canC.mightD.will问题13选项A.considerateB.considerableC.consideringD.concerned问题14选项A.whyB.whenC.howD.what问题15选项A.aB.anC.the waysD.that问题16选项A.characterizingB.characterizeC.characterizedD.to characterize问题17选项A.baseB.foundationC.pointD.criterion问题18

55、选项A.personB.personalityC.manD.woman问题19选项A.politiciansB.conservativesC.speakersD.scholars问题20选项A.nounsB.nicknamesC.jargonD.terms【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:A第4题:A第5题:C第6题:B第7题:D第8题:D第9题:C第10题:B第11题:B第12题:C第13题:A第14题:C第15题:A第16题:A第17题:D第18题:B第19题:B第20题:D【解析】（1）did表明句子时态为过去时, 所以ever（曾经）符合原文。（2）根据下文make one face

56、 different from another可知，这里指如何区分不同的人。选项D正确。（3）根据原文句意可知，这里应填入特征一次。选项A和B都有特点，特征的意思。但features一般用来描述容貌的特点, 所以选项A正确。（4）破折号后面的内容为插入语进行补充说明，表递进。所以选项A更符合原文。（5）take sth. for granted为固定搭配，意为：认为某事理所当然。（6）介词搭配。tell不与in搭配；tell A from B区分A和B; tell A by B通过B来区分 A；tell A with B用B讲述A。根据上下文可知，这里是指通过人们的行为来区分人们。所以本题选B

57、。（7）in the manner在现行中, 当场；in the mean同时, 在此期间；in the way妨碍, 挡道；in the pattern在某种模式下。根据下文的“she acts, speaks, thinks”可知，选项D符合原文。（8）主句主语为the patterns，所以动词不需要用第三人称单数, 首先排除选项A和C。cause后面一般接原因状语，所以本题选D。故选make。（9）根据前面的关键词describe可知这里应该填入介词in, in words用语言, 口头上。（10）根据句子结构，.is easier than.，所以前后应该为平行结构, 前面是desc

58、ribing，所以这里也应该用describing。（11）If引导的条件假设句是对现在的虚拟, 所以整句的时态应该用过去式。（12）If引导的条件假设句用虚拟语气，might表示推测。（13）considerate体贴的, 体谅的, 考虑周到的；considerable相当大的, 重要的, 值得考虑的；considering考虑到；concerned有关的, 关心的。根据kind, friendly可知，选项A符合原文。（14）根据句意：很多词可以用来形容人是如何思考、如何感受和如何行动的。选项C符合原文。（15）这里是泛指一位心理学家，所以用不定冠词a。（16）本句已有谓语动词found，

59、所以填空处应填入非谓语动词。这里不存在被动关系，所以选项A正确。（17）criterion指规范，标准。根据原文：我们很多人用这些信息作为描述的标准.选项D符合句意。（18）上文提到这些单词是用来形容人的行为，也就是人的某个特征或者品性。所以选项B正确。（19）politician政客;conservative保守派；speaker发言人；scholar学者。根据Hippies, bookworm可以推测这些词都是用来描述拥有某一典型特征的人。所以选项B符合原文。（20）名词辨析题。nouns名词；nicknames昵称；jargon行话；terms有术语的意思，所以本题选D。16.单选题We

60、 have invested（）80,000 in this project but till now there is no hope for us to get a penny back.问题1选项A.subsequentlyB.unexpectedlyC.approximatelyD.reluctantly【答案】C【解析】词义辨析题。subsequently随后；unexpectedly想不到的；approximately大约,近乎；reluctantly不情愿地。句意：我们在这个项目上投资了大约8万美元,但到目前为止,我们还没有希望收回一分钱。选项C符合句意。17.单选题Tom wa