高考英语专题复习分类练习阅读理解综合解答题附详细答案

1、一、高中英语阅读理解.阅读理解A great number of species make their home in the vast waters of the Atlantic Ocean. Although the entire ocean makes up an ecosystem, many smaller habitats are found within, including an open-water habitat off the coast of the Northern Atlantic Ocean known as the Sargasso Sea. Sargassu

2、m is an alga(海藻)that floats in masses that can continue for miles. The waters of the Gulf Stream push the water in a northward move into this area. This constant move and varying temperature support the accumulation of the brown-colored seaweed.The Sargasso Sea is so enormous that one method of info

3、rmation collection has not been enough for scientists to obtain an accurate picture of what takes place within this ecosystem. Researchers have needed to employ several methods of sampling. Methods such as dragging nets over the surface of the water and videotaping beneath areas of sargassum have se

4、rved scientists well. Information collected has shown that the Gulf Stream pushes brown algae from open water into the Sargasso Sea area, creating a diverse floating habitat in an area that would otherwise not support that wildlife.In the most recent study of the sargassum community off the shores o

5、f North Carolina, eighty- one fish species were documented as using the area as a microhabitat. This is an increase from previous studies. The types of fish found here are both commercially and environmentally important. The South Atlantic Fishery Management Council is working to regulate the harves

6、ting of sargassum. The Council hopes to have the area classified as an Essential Fish Habitat. Which would afford it certain protections.Further research needs to br done before scientists understand how to best protect the Sargasso Sea as well as understand how it goes about supporting so many impo

7、rtant types of wildlife.The author uses ,enormous1 in paragraph 2 to stress that.the Atlantic Ocean is really amazing in terms of its size and areawhat the researchers do is highly respected by scientific communitythe research work is complex because a large area must be covereda large amount of mon

8、ey for the Sargasso Sea research is neededIt can be inferred from the phrase needed to be done11 in paragraph 4 that the author thinks.A.the Sargasso ecosystem is worth our attention and needs more studyB.the scientific community has ignored this complex ecosystemC.the Sargasso Sea is becoming a pro

9、blem and needs removingD.new methods for researching the ecosystem must be found instantlyThe text is mainly about.A.diversity of wildlife in the Atlantic OceanB.different habitats of sea animalsC.methods of information collectionD.the Sargasso Sea as an entire ecosystem【答案】(I) cAD【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介

10、绍了马尾藻海这个完整的生态系统，非常巨大以 至于一种信息收集方法不足以让科学家准确了解这个生态系统中发生的情况，这里发现的 鱼类种类在商业和环境上都很重要。南大西洋洵业管理委员会正在努力管制马尾藻海的捕 捞。这将为马尾藻海提供一定的保护。(1)考查句义猜测 根据第二段中的one method of information collection has not been enough for scientists to obtain an accurate picture of what takes place within this ecosystem77一 种信息收集方法还不足以让科学家准确

11、地了解在这个生态系统中发生了什么，可知作者在 第2段中使用了enormous”一词，是为了强调研究工作很复杂，因为必须覆盖很大的区 域。故选C。(2)考查句义猜测 根据第四段中的“before scientists understand how to best protect the Sargasso Sea as well as understand how it goes about supporting so many important types of wildlife”在科学家们了解如何最好地保护马尾藻海以及如何救助这么多重要的野生动物之 前，还需要做进一步的研究。可知从第4段“n

12、eed to be done”一词可以推断，作者认为马尾 藻生态系统值得我们关注，需要更多的研究。故选A.(3)考查主旨大意a 根据第一段中的Although the entire ocean makes up an ecosystem, many smaller habitats are found within, including an open-water habitat off the coast of the Northern Atlantic Ocean known as the Sargasso Sea.虽然整个海洋构成了一个生态系统，但在 其中发现了许多较小的栖息地，包括北大

13、西洋沿岸的一个被称为马尾藻海的开放水域栖息 地。以及文章内容为关于马尾藻海的一些研究说明，可知文本主要是关于作为一个完整的 生态系统的马尾藻海。故选D。【点评】本题考点涉及词义猜测，句义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇环保类阅 读，考生需要根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答 案。.阅读理解I visited 日ba last June, joining Mary and John on a bicycling vacation. They made the arrangements for the car, hotel and bicycles. I stud

14、ied the history of the island, which of course particularly features Napoleon.Napoleon (now I know) picked Elba as a place for peace when he was forced to give up the throne ( E权)as Emperor of France in 1814. Far from being a prison island,日ba is beautiful with towering mountains, thick forests and

15、sweeping bays and beaches.It is also an island filled with treasure. Very early on this island, locals discovered rich deposits of iron. Soon outsiders, too, discovered the iron and 150 other valuable minerals on this little piece of land. Long before Etruscans and other Greeks set foot on it, Doria

16、ns had moved in by the tenth century B. C. and were mining the island. The Romans ruled next, obtaining the minerals and building grand houses overlooking the sea. From the twelfth century until the nineteenth, the island was traded back and forth and was passed to France in 1802. Then came Napoleon

17、, the new ruler of Elba.I was eager to visit his house in Portoferraio. The Emperor lived with his court and his mother; but his wife, Marie Louise had ensconced herself in the splendid Viennese palace of her father; Emperor of Austria. She lived safely there and showed little interest in visiting h

18、er husband in his mini-kingdom. Apparently, Napoleon wasnt troubled much by this. He was too busy riding everywhere on horseback, building roads, modernizing agriculture and, above all, sharpening his tiny army and navy into readiness for his escape.In the formal gardens behind the house it seemed t

19、o me that I could imagine the exiled (流放 的)conquerors anxious thoughts. He might gaze over where I stood now, toward the lighthouse of the Stella fort, the sandy bay, and across it, the green mountains of the Tuscan coast. Napoleon spent only ten months here before making his victorious return to Fr

20、ance and the throne.What did the author do for the visit to 日ba?A. He did research on its past.B. He arranged transportation.C. He planned bicycling routes.D. He booked accommodation.Who might be the earliest outsiders to Elba according to the text?A. Napoleon and his army. B. Etruscans and other Gr

21、eeks. C. Dorians. D. Romans.What does the underlined word ensconced probably mean?A.Settled.B. Locked.C.Cured.Controlled.What came to the authors mind during his visit to Napoleons gardens?A.Beautiful views on Elba.B.Terrible living conditions on Elba.C.Napoleons ambition to regain power.Hardship of

22、 Napoleons return to France.【答案】(1)ACAC【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者讲述了对拿破仑曾经流放地Elba岛的参观之 旅，作者介绍了 Elba岛的历史背景与拿破仑在岛上的生活事迹。(1)考查细节理解a 根据第一段中的I studied the history of the island, which of course particularly features Napoleon.”可知作者为了 Elba的此次拜访对它过去的历史做了一些学习 和研究,故选A。(2)考查细节理解 根据第三段中的Long before Etruscans and other

23、 Greeks set foot on it, Dorians had moved in by the tenth century B. C. and were mining the island.”可知早在伊特鲁里 亚人和其他希腊人踏足该岛之前，多里安人在公元前10世纪就已迁入该岛，并在岛上采 矿。故Dorians可能是最早到日ba的外来者,故选放(3)考查词义猜测。根据第三段中的“She lived safely there and showed little interest in visiting her husband in his mini-kingdom.”可知 Marie Lo

24、uise 住在 Viennese 很安全，对去她丈 夫的小王国探视亳无兴趣。live对应上文的ensconce,意思为“定居；安置”，故选A。（4）考查推理判断口 根据最后一段中的In the formal gardens behind the house it seemed to me that I could imagine the exiled （流放的）conqueror*s anxious thoughts.”可知在房子后而的花 园里，作者仿佛能想象出那个被流放的征服者的焦虑的思想。即作者在参观拿破仑的花园 时想到了拿破仑对重新掌权的野心。故选C。【点评】本题考点涉及细行理解，词义猜

25、测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅 读，考生需要准确掌握细门信息，同时根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，而选出 正确答案。.阅读理解By analyzing the fossilized teeth of some of our most ancient ancestors, a team of scientists led by the universities of Bristol （UK） and Lyon （France） have discovered that the first humans significantly breastfed their infants

26、（婴 JL） for longer periods than their contemporary relatives.The results, published in the journal Science Advances, provide a first insight into the practice of weaning （断奶）that remain otherwise unseen in the fossil record.The team sampled minute amounts from nearly 40 fossilized teeth of our South

27、African fossil relatives, early Homo, Paranthropus robustus and Australopithecus africanus. They measured the proportions of their stable calcium isotopes （同位素）in the tooth enamel（牙釉质），which are a function of the mother milk intake by infants. They show that early Homo offspring（后代）was breastfed in

28、significant proportions until the age of around three to four years, which likely played a role in the apparition of traits that are specific to human lineage（Hll统），such as the brain development.In contrast, infants of Paranthropus robustus, that became extinct around one million years ago and were

29、a more robust species in terms of dental anatomy, as well as infants of Australopithecus africanus, stopped drinking sizeable proportions of mother milk in the course of the first months of life.These differences in nursing behaviors likely come with major changes in the social structures of groups

30、as well as the time between the birth of one child and the birth of the next.One of the studys lead authors, Dr Theo Tacail said: The practice of weaning - the duration of breastfeeding, age at non-milk food introduction and the age at cessation of suckling - differs among the modern members of the

31、hominid family which includes humans and modern great apes: orangutan, gorillas, chimpanzees and bonobos.The development of such behavioral differences likely played major roles in the evolution of the members of human lineage, being associated for instance with size and structure of social groups,

32、brain development.However, getting insights into these behavioral changes from fossils that are millions of years old is a challenge and, so far; little evidence allow discussing nursing practices in these fossil species.The findings stress the need for further exploration of calcium stables isotope

33、s compositions in the fossil record in order to understand the co-evolution of weaning practices with other traits such as brain size or social behaviors.u HYPERLINK /first-human-ancestors-breastfed-for-longer-than- /first-human-ancestors-breastfed-for-longer-than-co nte mpora ry- relatives/ HYPERLI

34、NK /releases/2019/08/190829115427.htm /releases/2019/08/190829115427.htmWhat do we know the findings of the team?It takes the lead in focusing on Practice weaning.It has disclosed the link between the weaning practice and other traits.It is evident that nursing practice is associated with behavioral

35、 changes.It*s contemporary humans that spend more time breastfeeding their infants.What does the underlined phrase Usuch behavioral differences1 in Paragraph 7 most probably refer to?Differences in the calcium isotope in the teeth.Differences in the social structure of groups.Differences in the prac

36、tice of weaning.Differences in the change of behaviors.What does the passage mainly talk about?The evolution of human lineage.The possible influence of nursing behaviors.The exploration of compositions in the fossil.The function of mother milk at the age of infants.【答案】ACB【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，通过对祖先牙齿化石的

37、研窕，科学家们发现第一批 用母乳喂养婴儿的人类比同时代的其他的近亲在时间上要长很多，而这种育幼差异可能在 人类进化中扮演了重要角色，比如大脑发育和社会群体方而。(1)考查细在理解根据第二段中的The results, published in the journal Science Advances, provide a first insight into the practice of weaning ”可知这项研究结果发表在科学进展杂 志上，为断奶行为提供了第一手资料，而这在化石记录中是看不到的。故选A。(2 )考查句义猜测。根据第六段中的The practice of weaning

38、- the duration of breastfeeding, age at non-milk food introduction and the age at cessation of suckling - differs among the modern members of the hominid family which includes humans and modern great apes: orangutan, gorillas, chimpanzees and bonobos.可知现代人和古代人的断奶行为不同， 而且人类和猩猩以及猿猴在断奶的时间上是不同的，即不同时代/不同

39、物种的断奶行为是有 差异的，而画线部分的such就是指上文提到的内容。故选C。(3)考查主旨大意 根据第七段中的The development of such behavioral differences . in the evolution of the members of human lineage, being associated for instance with size and structure of social groups, brain development.”可知，这种行为差异的发展可能在人类血统成 员的进化中扮演了重要角色，例如与社会群体的大小和结构，大脑的发展有

40、关。所以短文 主要是关于育幼行为可能带来的影响。故选B。【点评】本题考点涉及细行理解，句义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅 读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推 理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。读理解Africas Most Amazing Places to VisitPyramids of Giza, EgyptThe most famous of the structures at Gizaz near Cairo, the Pyramid of King Khufu was built around 2650 BC from 2.5

41、 million blocks of stone. Its sides face north, south, east and west.Sahara Dunes, MoroccoThe most user-friendly part of the Sahara is accessible from the northern edge of Morocco. You can camp out in Tazzarine, where runners from all over the world complete the weeklong Marathon every spring. The f

42、oot of the Merzouga Dunes is the best location for gazing at stars, totally free of light pollution.Lake Retba (Lac Rose), SenegalThere are few pink lakes in the world and one of them, Lake Retba, also called Lac Rose by locals is in the Cap-Vert peninsula in Senegal. The best times to see the lake

43、at its pinkest is during SenegaPs dry season, between November and June.Nyika Plateau National Park, MalawiWith a plateau cut by numerous rivers that reach Lake Malawi by way of waterfalls off the eastern edge of the mountains, Nyika, the largest national park in Malawi, is one of the most beautiful

44、 in Africa. The eastern border of the plateau forms the wall of the Great Rift Valley. The great domes of hills have gentle slopes, making Nyika perfect for both hiking and mountain biking as well as Jeep exploration.Which country will you go if you want to watch stars?A. Malawi.B. Morocco.C. Egypt.

45、D. Senegal.When is the best time to see the pinkest lake?A. July.B. September.C. October.D. January.What makes Nyika one of the most beautiful parks in Africa?A. Plants.B. Animals.C. Waters.D. Sports.【答案】(1)BDC【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了四个非洲最神奇的地方。(1)考查细行理解，根据第二段中的The foot of the Merzouga Dunes is the best

46、 location for gazing at stars, totally free of light pollution.“默佐加沙丘的脚下是观星的最佳地点，完全没有 光污染。可知如果你想看星星，你可以去摩洛哥。故选B。(2)考查细节理解。根据第三段中的The best times to see the lake at its pinkest is during SenegaPs dry season, between November and June.在塞内加尔的旱季，11 月至 6 月是观赏 湖面最粉的最佳时间，分析选项可知看粉红色湖泊的最佳时间是一月份。故选D。(3)考查细节理解。

47、根据最后一段中的With a plateau cut by numerous rivers that reach Lake Malawi by way of waterfalls off the eastern edge of the mountains, Nyika, the largest national park in Malawi, is one of the most beautiful in Africa,这里的高原被众多河流切断,这 些河流通过山脉东部边缘的瀑布到达马拉维湖，造就了尼卡是马拉维最大的国家公园，它 是非洲最美丽的国家公园之一。可知是水域使尼卡成为非洲最美丽的公园之

48、一。故选C。【点评】本题考点涉及细行理解题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节 信息，并结合题目要求，从而选出正确答案。5 .阅读理解Recently, as the British doctor Robert Winston took a train from London to Manchester, he found himself becoming steadily angry. A woman had picked up her phone and begun a loud conversation, which would last an unbelievable ho

49、ur. Furious, Winston began to tweet about the woman. He took her picture and sent it to his more than 40,000 followers.When the train arrived at its destination, Winston rushed out. He*d had enough of the womans rudeness. But the press were now waiting for her on the platform. And when they showed h

50、er Winstons messages, she used just one word to describe Winstons actions: rude.Winstons tale is something of a microcosm(缩影)of our age of increasing rudeness, fueled by social media. What can we do to fix this?Studies have shown that rudeness spreads quickly, almost like the common cold. Just witne

51、ssing rudeness makes it far more likely that we, in turn, will be rude later on. The only way to avoid it is to deal with it face to face. We must say, Just stop.1 For Winston, that would have meant approaching the woman, telling her that her conversation was frustrating other passengers and politel

52、y asking her to speak more quietly or make the call at another time.The rage and injustice we feel at the rude behavior of a stranger can drive us to do odd things. In my own research, surveying 2,000 adults, I discovered that the acts of revenge people had taken ranged from the ridiculous to the di

53、sturbing. Winston did shine a spotlight on the womans behavior but from afar, in a way that shamed her.We must instead combat rudeness head on. When we see it occur in a store, we must step up and say something. If it happens to a colleague, we must point it out. We must defend strangers in the same

54、 way wed defend our best friends. But we can do it with grace, by handling it without a trace of aggression and without being rude ourselves. Because once rude people can see their actions through the eyes of others, they are far more likely to end that strain themselves. As this tide of rudeness ri

55、ses, civilization needs civility.What can you learn about Robert Winston from the passage?He knows how to speak to rude people.He behaved improperly and spoke loudly on the train.He lost his temper due to other peoples rudeness.He reacted to a womans rude behavior wrongly.What does fueled by social

56、media1 mean in Paragraph 3?Rude behavior is common on social media.Rudeness can be avoided through social media.People can easily get away through social media.Social media may spread and cause rudeness.According to the writer; how should you respond when you meet rude people?Record them and post it

57、 on the Internet.Point it out in a polite and skillful way.Do nothing but wait for other people to fix it.Pay them back by doing equally disturbing things.Which of the following statement is true about the last paragraph?We can only point out rudeness from familiar people.Rudeness and manners can ha

58、rdly coexist in civilized society.Both strangers and acquaintances deserve our friendly warning.Rude people can*t see their rudeness through others1 eyes.【答案】DDBC【解析】【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，作者通过温斯特对打电话这位粗鲁的女士曝光 在媒体上的不当行为，提出了我们要用礼貌而巧妙的方式指出来生活中粗鲁的行为。(1)考查推理判断。根据第五段中的Winston did shine a spotlight on the womans

59、behavior but from afar, in a way that shamed her.”温斯顿确实把聚光灯对准了那个女人的行为但从长远看，这是方式一种让她蒙羞。可推出，作者认为温斯顿的做法不正确。故选D。(2)考查句义猜测&根据第三段中的Winstons tale is something of a microcosm(缩影)of our age of increasing rudeness可知作者描述这个时代越来越粗鲁；再根据第四段中的 “Studies have shown that rudeness spreads quickly, almost like the commo

60、n cold.”研究表明， 粗鲁行为传播迅速，就像普通感冒一样。可知作者认为粗鲁行为传播很快。因此此处fuel 意为加速之意，故选D。(3)考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的But we can do it with grace, by handling it without a trace of aggression and without being rude ourselves.但我们可以优雅地做到这一点、,处理它 时不带一丝侵略性，自己也不粗鲁。可知，作者认为我们可以礼貌而巧妙的方式指出来粗 鲁的行为和人。故选丸(4)考查细行理解。根据最后一段中的We must defend strang