本土攻略云南省2016中考英语总复习 第二部分 中考题型 第二章 单项选择 第七节 动词课件

1、Goals determine what you are going to be.第二部分云南中考题型复习1第一块 知识结构 原型 动词的种类 一般现在时的第三人称单数 动词的基本形式 过去式 动词和动词短语 过去分词 现在分词 动词短语 短语构成 情态动词 常见短语 动词时态：一般现在，一般过去，一般将来，过去进行，现在完成，过去完成动词 主动 动词语态 被动 主动与被动之间的相互转化 动词不定式 非谓语动词 动名词 动词过去分词Goals determine what you are going to be.2第二块 知识探析一、动词和动词短语 及物动词 1.动词的种类 实义动词 主动词

2、不及物动词 连系动词: be, become, turn, get, look, seem, sound 助动词 基本助动词: be, do, have, will, shall根据句法功能分类 情态动词: can, must, should, must, might, shall, 不定式: to walk, to talk, to walk, to smile 非谓语动词 v. - ing 形式: waling, talking, working, smiling v. ed 形式：walked, talked, worked, smiled 状态动词根据词汇意义分类 持续性动词：live

3、, sit, stand, keep 动作动词 终止性动词：die, finish, join, leaveGoals determine what you are going to be.32. 动词的基本形式 英语动词有五种基本形式：原形，一般现在时的第三人称单数形式，过去式，过去分词， 现在分词（1）一般现在时的第三人称单数规则原形第三人称单数形式一般动词加-shatehates以s, sh, ch 结尾或以字母o 结尾的动词， 加-esaddressfinishtouchdoaddressesfinishes touchesdoes以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词，变y为i加-esStud

4、yapplystudiesappliesGoals determine what you are going to be.4（2）现在分词规则动词原形现在分词一般情况下直接加-ingplayplaying以不发音字母 e 结尾的动词，去掉 e 再加-ingusetakeusingtaking以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，要双鞋这个字母再加-ingbeginputshopbeginning putting shopping（3）规则动词的过去式、过去分词动词原形过去式过去分词一般情况下加-ed helphelpedhelped词尾为不发音的字母e，加-dlikelikedlik

5、ed词尾为“辅音字母 + y”，变y为i再加-edstudystudiedstudied以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，要双鞋这个字母再加-edstopstoppedstoppedGoals determine what you are going to be.5（4）不规则动词的过去式、过去分词 A A A 型：动词原形、过去式和过去分词的词形与读音完全相同例如：bet/bet/bet 打赌 cut/cut/cut 切，割，砍 A A B 型：动词原形和过去式相同例如：beat/beat/beaten A B A 型：动词原形和过去分词的词形与读音完全相同。动词的过去式只是改

6、变中间元音。例如：come/came/come run/ran/run A B B 型：动词的过去式、过去分词的词形与读音完全相同例如： lend/lent/lent loss/lost/lost bring/brought/broughtA B C 型： 动词的原形、过去式和过去分词三者完全不同例如： am, is, are/was, were/been steal/stole/stolen speak/spoke/spokenGoals determine what you are going to be.63. 动词短语（1）动词短语的构成 动词+介词动词加at, for, from,

7、of, to, with等介词构成的动词短语是动介型的。例如：ask for / believe in/ deal with/ look after/ look into/ depend on 及物动词+ 副词动词加ahead, down, back, off, over, up等副词构成的动词短语是动副型的。例如： cut up/ cut out/ dress up/ give up/ ring off/ work out/ let down/ give away 不及物动词+副词不及物动词后加away, in , back, off, out, on, down, over, throug

8、h等副词例如： come out/ give in/ get up/ stay up/ pass away 动词+名词+介词例如： take pride in/ make fun of/ take care of/ take part in 动词+副词+介词例如： add up to/ come up with/ look forward to/ run out of/ get along withGoals determine what you are going to be.7二、情态动词（1）情态动词的意义情态动词过去式词义 can could会； 能够；可能may might可以；可能

9、 mustmust必须will would愿意shall should应该；必须 needneeded需要 dare dared敢于Goals determine what you are going to be.8（2）情态动词的用法情态动词有具体的词义，但同助动词一样，需要与其他词语一起构成句子的谓语。另外情态动词没有人称和数的变化，情态动词后必须跟动词原形。 can 和could的用法A. 表示能力例：My mother can use the computer now.B. 表示许可例：Can I go now? Could I smoke here?C. 在疑问句和否定句中表示怀疑、

10、猜测或可能性 例：Who can be he？ She cant/couldnt love him. may 和 might 的用法A 表示许可和请求，有“可以”“能够”的意思，有时可以与can互换。例：You may go now. May I use your dictionary? Im afraid not. Goals determine what you are going to be.9B. 表示可能例：They may/might be in the library now. C. 表示希望、祈求、祝愿，常可译为“祝愿”。通常用“may+主+动词”的结构例：May you ha

11、ve a good time. May you be happy! must 的用法A. 表示“必须”时，must 表示说话人的主观看法。其否定式most not 的缩写形式为mustnt,表示“不应该”。（have to 也表示“必须”，但它表示客观需要）例：Its too late, I must leave now.B. 在肯定句中must可以表示推测，表示“一定”或“必定”。例：All men must die.注意：表示推测时，对以must提出的疑问句，如作否定回答时， 要用neednt或用dont/doesnt have to（不必）来回答，而不用mustnt。例：Must I f

12、inish my homework now? No, you neednt.Goals determine what you are going to be.10 shall 的用法A . shall用作情态动词时，若用于第二、三人称之后，则表示说话人的意愿，可表示命令、警告、强制、威胁或允诺等。例：He shall be punished.B. shall 用于第一、第三人称疑问句中时，表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请求指示。例：Shall we begin our lesson? should 的用法A. Should 作为情态动词可以表示建议、劝告。例：You should be mo

13、re patient.B. Should表示推测、推论或可能性，意为“可能、应该”。Li Leis sister should be around ten years old.C. Should 用于疑问句中，多表惊讶、难以置信或不应该发生的事。例：Why should she tell a lie?D. Should have done 表示对过去动作的责备或批评。例：You should have finished your homework.Goals determine what you are going to be.11 will 的用法A. Will 表示猜测，意为“可能、大概”

14、。例：Who is that man over there? That will be George.注意：would也表示猜测，但是语气不如will肯定。B. Will 可用于各种人称，表示意志、决心。例：I will do it.C. Will 表示意愿、意图和决心，意为“要、愿”。例：I will do my best. need 的用法 need 表示需要、必须，主要用于否定句和疑问句中，其否定形式为neednt,意为“没有必要、不必”。用need提问时，肯定回答为must，否定回答为neednt或dont have to.注意：主动形式的动名词doing具有被动的含义；改动名词可以改

15、为其动词不定式的被动形式而句子的意义不变。Goals determine what you are going to be.12时态一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时定义经常性、习惯性的动作或状态过去时间发生的动作或存在的状态正在发生的动作或存在的状态标志词1.often, always, usually, sometimes等频度副词2.every + n（时间）yesterday, last week, ago, just now, in 1998等now look, listen等At the monent构成be动词作为谓语动词用原形动词的第三人称单数谓语为动词的过去式 is am +v.

16、 ing are例句He often flies a kite in the morning.Is your sister seven years old?She didnt go shopping yesterday.Did you live here in 1989?Im writing now.Are you reading ?三、动词时态 动词随着时间的不同发生变化，这就是动词时态的变化Goals determine what you are going to be.13时态过去进行时一般将来时现在完成时定义过去时间内正在发生的动作或状态将要发生的事或计划，打算做的动作1.过去的动作对

17、现在造成的影响或将结果2. 过去的动作一直持续到现在，甚至还有可能继续进行下去标志词1. at that time, at six yesterday, this time(yesterday)2. when /while 引导的过去时间从句tomorrownext + n.（时间） in + 一段时间already, yet, never, ever, just for, since + 一段时间构成 was/were + v. ingbe going to + 动词原形will/shall + 动词原形 have/has + 动词的过去分词例句They were talking this

18、time yesterday.What are you going to do tomorrow?Have you found your lost key yet?Goals determine what you are going to be.14时态过去完成时现在完成进行时定义在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作过去的动作或状态一直持续到现在，且还要继续进行下去标志词1. by the end of + 过去的时间2. by the time + 过去的时态的句子3. 通过上下文的时间来判断for since 引导的时间构成 had + 过去分词have/has + been +

19、现在分词例句When I woke up, it had stopped raining.What are you going to do tomorrow?Goals determine what you are going to be.15四、动词的语态语态是动词的一种表现形式，表示主语和谓语动词之间的具体关系，分为主动语态和被动语态两种。主动语态表示主语是谓语动词所表示的动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是谓语动词所表示的动作的承受者。时态主动语态被动语态例句主动语态被动语态一般现在时 do/does am/is/are + doneWe clean the room.The room is

20、 cleaned by us.一般过去时 did was/were + doneHe plant the tree.The tree were plant by him. 现在进行时 am/is/are +doing am/is/are + doingShe is watering flowers.Flowers are being watered by her. 现在完成时have/has +done have/has + been doneJim has finished the homework.The homework has been finished by Jim. Goals d

21、etermine what you are going to be.16时态主动语态被动语态例句主动语态被动语态一般将来时will/shall + do will/shall + be doneWe will clean the garden.The garden is cleaned by us.过去进行时was/were+doing was/were + being + doneShe was watering flowers this yesterday.Flowers were being watered by her this time yesterday.过去完成时had +don

22、e had + been doneJim had finished the housework.The house work had been finished by Jim. Goals determine what you are going to be.17五、非谓语动词1.动词不定式用法例句作主语，不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语代替由不定式表示的真正主语To speak English is not easy for us=It is not easy for us to speak English. 作宾语，不定式作宾语时，带有补足语，要用it作形式宾语He likes to p

23、lay basketball.作宾语补足语（注：不定式在see, watch, make, let, hear等动词后作宾补时不带to）She asked me not to speak Chinese in an English class.作状语，表示目的或结果I went to the library to study English.作定语Have you got anything to eat?常见的带to的及物动词有：forget, help, hope, want, offer, expect, prefer, pretend, refuse, decide, need, wis

24、h, try, startGoals determine what you are going to be.182. 动名词用法例句作主语，谓语动词用单数Eating too much is bad for your health.作宾语，表示一般的习惯、抽象行为或经常性的动作I like playing football very much.作表语，多数情况下课转换为主语His hobby is collecting coins.作定语，表明它所修饰的词的用途、所属关系等。置于修饰词之前She is in the reading room.常见的其后带-ing的动词有：finish, enjoy, mind, keep on, suggest, cant help, feel like, be worth, be busy, be used to助