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1、医学英语的词缀类别医学医药课件医学英语的词缀类别医学医药课件 hepatitis肝炎; hepat/o: liver arteritis动脉炎; arter/o: artery tonsillitis扁桃体炎; tonsill/o: tosilvasculitis血管炎; vascul/o: vas/o: vesselnephritis肾炎; nephr/o: kidney hepatitis肝炎; hepat/o: liver laryngeotracheobronchitis喉气管支气管炎; (larynx) ( trachea) (bronchus)pancreatitis胰腺炎; pa
2、ncreat/o: pancreas cecitis盲肠炎; cec/o: cecum,ceca ovaritis; oophoritis卵巢炎; ovary=oophron laryngeotracheobronchitis喉气管支 folliculitis毛囊炎; follicul/o: follicle colitis=colonitis结肠炎; col/o: colonprostatitis前列腺炎; prostat/o: prostatecystitis膀胱炎; cyst/o: bladder, cystpoliomyelitis脊髓灰质炎; poli-: grey; myel/o:
3、 bone marrow, spinal cord(骨髓) folliculitis毛囊炎; follicul/o: cephalitis脑炎; cephal/o: head endocarditis心内膜炎; cardi/o: heart pleuritis胸膜炎; pleur/o:pleura synovitis滑膜炎; synov/o: synoviapanarthritis全关节炎;pan-: all; arthr/o: joint pneumonia肺炎 cephalitis脑炎; cephal/o: head 2. 痛 headache, stomachache .the pain
4、 of ; ache, -algia; -agra; -dynia神经痛,胸痛,乳突痛,乳痛,心痛, 足痛风, 胃痛,关节痛, 头痛,腹痛,腿痛,胸骨痛,剑突痛 2. 痛 headache, stomachache neuralgia神经痛; neur/o: nerve; thoracalgia=pectoralgia胸痛; pector/o: thorac/o: chest mastoidalgia乳突痛; mastoid:乳突 mastalgia乳痛; mast/o: breast algometer测痛仪 neuralgia神经痛; neur/o: nerve;cardiodynia心痛
5、podagra or podalgia足痛风; pod/o:foot; gastralgia胃痛 ; gastr/o: gaster, stomacharthralgia关节痛; arthr/o: jointcephalodynia头痛; cephal/o: headabdominalgia腹痛; abdomin/o: abdomencardiodynia心痛skelalgia腿痛; skel/o: skelos, legsternodynia胸骨痛; stern/o:sternum, breat bonexiphoidalgia, xiphodynia剑突痛; xiphoid/o: xiph
6、/o: xiphoidskelalgia腿痛; skel/o: skelos, l3.术operation of.缝合术, 固定术, 切除术, 切开术,造口术,穿刺术,碎石术,折骨术, 灌洗术, 成形术,结扎术, 造影术3.术operation of.缝合术:-orraphy aneurysmorraphy (suture) ;动脉瘤缝术 aneurysm:动脉瘤切除术: ectomy: removal pharyngectomy咽切除 pharyng/o: pharynx; 缝合术:-orraphy固定术: -pexy: fixing hysteropexy(fixing); hystero
7、pexia(fixing) 子宫固定术 hyster, uterus, womb (子宫) rectopexy直肠固定术 rect/o: rectum固定术: -pexy: fixingappendectomy: 阑尾切除术 append/o: appendic/o: appendix阑尾 gastrectomy: 胃切除术; gastr/o: gaster; stomach splenectomy: 脾切除术; splen/o:spleenappendectomy: 阑尾切除术切开术: -tomy: process of cutting tracheotomy:气管切开; trache/o:
8、 trachea;windpipe 气管 hysterotomy: 子宫切开; craniotomy: 颅骨切开; crani/o: cranium, skull 切开术: -tomy: process of cutting nephrotomy:肾切开术; nephr/o: ren/o: kidneyceliotomy 剖腹术celi/o: abdomen; belly结扎术: -desis: binding together aneurysmodesis: 动脉瘤结扎 nephrotomy:肾切开术; nephr/o: ren切器,切刀-tome: instrument for cutti
9、ng thoracotome开胸刀; thorac/o: thorax, chest胸碎石术:-tripsy:crushing lithotripsy:碎石术 ; lith/o: stone :结石切器,切刀-tome: instrument for cut造口/吻合术: ostomy: process of making an opening or a connection between) gastrostomy胃造口术 esophagogastrostomy;食管胃吻合术 esophagus:食管(asfgs) duodenoenterostomy: 十二指肠吻合术 duoden/o:
10、duodenum十二指肠; enter/o:intestine; small intestine 肠,小肠 造口/吻合术: ostomy: process of mak穿刺术: -centesis:surgical puncture to withdraw fluid; 或者 nyxis: pricking穿刺 amniocentesis :羊膜穿刺术 amni/o:amnion羊膜 hyalnyxis: 玻璃体穿刺术; hyal/o:glass, glasslike, transparent玻片样的; 透明的穿刺术: -centesis:surgical punctu折(骨)术: -clas
11、ia:fracture, breaking osteoclasia:折骨术 oste/o: bone 灌洗术: -clysis:washing bronchoclysis:支气管灌洗术; bronch/o:bronchus支气管折(骨)术: -clasia:fracture, break造影术: -graphy: process of recording arteriography: 动脉造影;arteri/o: artery phlebography: 静脉造影 phleb/o ven/o:vein angiography: 血管造影 angi/o: vessel vas/o: vessel
12、 血管,输精管 nephrography: 肾造影 nephr/o: kidney造影术: -graphy: process of recor成形术: -plasty: surgical reshapingvalvoplasty: 瓣膜成形术; valv/o: valve瓣膜 osteplasty骨成形术; myoplasty 肌成形术 my/o: muscle肌整形术:ortho-: straight; orthopedic 整形外科的; orthopod整形外科医生; orthotherapy整形疗法成形术: -plasty: surgical reshapi4.方位/时间方面的词缀上:
13、upper/superior; epi-; supra- epithelium上皮组织; supracostal上肋的; cost/o: rib肋骨 epicondyle上髁; condyle:髁 supercerebellar小脑上的; cerebell/o: cerebellum下:lower/inferior; infra-; sub- subcutaneous 皮下的; cutane/o: skin infratracheal气管下的; trachea=windpipe4.方位/时间方面的词缀上: upper/superio前:front/anterior/prior/ fore-;
14、ante-; pre-; antero- forehead前额; anteroposterior前后的 precirrhosis前期肝硬化;cirrh/o:orange硬变 antepartal产前的; part/o: give birth prodroma/prodrome前驱症状: an early symptom that a disease is developing or that an attack is about to occur 前:front/anterior/prior/ for后:back/posterior/ post-; retro- postheptical肝后的
15、; heptic/o: liver; postprandial餐后的; prand/o:meals retrocardiac心后的;cardi/o:heartpostpharyngeal咽后的 ; pharyng/o: pharynx咽后:back/posterior/ post-; ret内:inner/internal/ in-; endo-; ento-; entro-; intro-; inhale, inhalation吸入 endoscopy内窥镜检; -scopy:visual exam entocranial颅内的;crani/o: skull, cranium intra-a
16、rachnoid 珠网膜内的 encelitis内脏炎; celi/o: abdomen腹腔 内:inner/internal/ in-; endo-外:outer/external/ex-; exo-; ultra-; extra-; extract抽出; exhale呼出 excretion排泄物; exocardial心外的 ultraviolet紫外线; ultra-: beyond 腹膜外的:extraperitoneal; peritoneum腹膜外:outer/external/ex-; exo-; 间:inter-; between; intermuscular肌肉间的; in
17、tercostal肋间的 interchondral软骨间的; chondr/o: chartilage软骨 间:inter-; between; 副,旁: on the side of; para-; parathyroid甲状旁腺 pararenal肾旁的 ren/o: kidneyparenteral肠胃外的; enter/o: intestine, small intestine副,旁: on the side of; para-; 反; 对立: opposite; conter-; contra-; counterpart对等物或人; countershock抗休克 contrain
18、dication禁忌症 反; 对立: opposite; conter-; cont全: pan-: whole, all pancarditis全心肌炎; pancolectomy泛结肠切除;col/o:colon结肠 panmyelosis全骨髓增生中:mid; midabdomen中腹部中心:central; centri-, centra-; centro- centrifugation离心; centralize v. centronucleus中心核全: pan-: whole, all周:around; peri-; perioperative手术期间的, peritoneum腹
19、膜 periadenitis腺周炎; aden/o: gland pericarditis心包炎 医学英语的词缀类别医学医药课件5.颜色方面的词缀 颜色:colour, chrom-; chromo-; chromat/o; chromosome染色体; -some: body chromatin染色板 chromatometer比色计; -meter: instrument for measuring5.颜色方面的词缀 颜色:colour, chrom-; c白:white; leuk/o: alb/o:, albin/o: album-: leukocyte白细胞; leukemia白血病
20、 leukocyteuria尿白细胞症 albinism白化病 albumin白蛋白; leukoderma白斑; derm/o: skin leukonychia白甲; onych/o: nail leukopoiesis白细胞生成(-poiesis: 生成production,formation白:white; leuk/o: alb/o:, albin黑:black; melano-; melanoderma黑皮病 melanoma黑色瘤 melanin黑色素; -in: substance(素) melanosarcoma黑肉瘤; sarc/o:flesh nigrometer黑度计;
21、 nigr/o: nigra(黑质), 黑:black; melano-;紫:purple purpura紫癜粉色:pink; pink frothy sputum粉红色泡沫痰青铜色:bronzed bronzed diabetes青铜色糖尿病紫:purple棕色:brown; brown mixture甘草合剂 brown sugar红糖橙色:orange; ethyl orange乙基橙蓝色:blue; cyan/o: cyanhidrosis (蓝)汗症 hidr/o: sweat cyanosis紫绀; cyanopsia蓝视症 cyanemia蓝血症棕色:brown; 红色: red
22、; erythro-; rub/o; erythema红斑(Greek) erythroderma=erytherodermia; 红皮病 erythromycin红霉素; myc/o: fungus霉菌 rubefaction发红(皮肤发红) n. erythrochloropia红绿视症; chlor/o: green -opia: vision bilirubin=cholerythrin胆红素; chol/o:, bil/o: bile红色: red; erythro-; rub/o; erythrocyte红细胞 erythrocyturia血尿 erythrometer红细胞计数灰
23、色:grey; poli-; poliomyelitis骨髓灰质炎; myel/o: bone marrow erythrocyte红细胞青: glauc/o: greenish, grey glaucoma青光眼; glaucobilin胆青素; bil/o: bile chloroquine氯奎 chlorophyll叶绿素;-phyll: leaf青: glauc/o: greenish, grey黄色:yellow; xantho-;xanthoma黄瘤; xanth/o: yellowxanthine黄嘌呤jaundice黄疸xanthosis黄疸xanthoma脂肪性纤维瘤黄色:y
24、ellow; xantho-;6.脏器方面的词缀心 heart, cardio- carditis 心脏炎; cardiopuncture心穿刺术 cardiology 心脏病学; cardiologist脑 brain encephalo-; cerebral cerebrum大脑; encephalitis大脑炎 cerebellum小脑; cerebritis小脑炎 6.脏器方面的词缀心 heart, cardio-肺 lung pulmon-: pulmonary pulmonitis 肺炎; pneumonia肺炎pulmonectomy肺切除;pulmonology肺学肝liver
25、,hepato-; heptatic hepatitis肝炎; hepatology肝学 hepatobiliary 肝胆的; bil/o: bile肺 lung pulmon-: pulmonary 胃 stomach, gastro-; gastric gastritis 胃炎; gastrointestinal胃肠的 gastrology胃学胆gallbladder ; chol/o: biliary, bile cholecystits 胆囊炎; cyst/o: cyst, urinary bladder囊, 膀胱 cholecyst 胆囊; gall-stone胆结石 胃 stoma
26、ch, gastro-; gastric肠 intestine; entero-; intestinal enteritis肠炎; enterectomy肠切除脾spleen splen/o: spleen; splenalgia脾痛 algia: pain splenectomy 脾切除术胰腺pancreas, panreatic; pancreat/o: pancreatits胰腺炎; pancreatopathy胰病 肠 intestine; entero-; intestin肾 kidney; nephro-; rena-; nephritis肾炎; nephropathy肾病 ren
27、al failure肾衰竭; renal portal vein肾门静脉血 blood hem/o:; hemat/o: hematology 血液学; hemoglobin血红蛋白 hematoma 血肿; hemorrhage 出血,失血肾 kidney; nephro-; rena-;血管 blood vessel; vaso-; cardiovasology心血管学; cerebrovascular脑血管的静脉vein; ven-; venography静脉造影; intravenous静脉注射的; 静脉内的 venoconstriction静脉收缩; venodilation静脉扩张
28、 血管 blood vessel; vaso-; 动脉artery; arterio-; arteriology动脉学; arteriole小动脉 arteriosclerosis动脉硬化肌肉muscle; my/o: muscle myology 肌肉学; myocarditis心肌炎骨髓bone marrow; myel/o: myelitis骨髓炎; myeloma骨髓瘤 动脉artery; arterio-;神经 nerve; neur/o: neuro- neurology 神经学; neuritis神经炎 neuron神经元 细胞cell; cyte-; -cyte cytolog
29、y细胞学; leukocyte白细胞 cytoma细胞瘤 神经 nerve; neur/o: neuro-尿urine uro- ; ur- urology泌尿学; urosurgery泌尿手术 urogenital 泌尿生殖的体 body, somat/o: -some somatology 躯体学; somatopsychic身心的 chromosome染色体 尿urine uro- ; ur-7.与检查有关的词缀镜检:-scopy镜检法; scope镜 gastroscopy 胃镜法; celioscope;laparoscope体腔镜; 腹腔镜 celi/o: lapar/o: abo
30、domen, belly peritoneoscopy腹膜镜检法 cardioscope心脏检查镜, 7.与检查有关的词缀镜检:-scopy镜检法; scope量具:-meter: instrument for measuring cardiometer心力计; thermometer温度计 blood pressure meter血压计 densimeter密度计; density密度 量具:-meter: instrument for meas心电图: electrocardiogram =ECG; eletrocardiograph心电图仪脑电图: electroencephalogra
31、m=EEGB超:type B ultrasonicCT:computerized tomography计算机x射线断层同位素:isotope; isotopic examination 同位素检查心电图: electrocardiogram =ECG; e尿检 urine analysis血常规 blood routine 尿检 urine analysis8.数字方面的词缀一: mon/o: uni- Monday; carbon monoxideunidirection单向的 monoclone单克隆8.数字方面的词缀一: mon/o: uni-二:bi-; di- bilateral两侧
32、的 biphasic双向性的 carbon dioxide dipoptide二肽二:bi-; di-三: tri- trilateral三边的 tricycle四: tetra- tetracycline四环素 tetraplegia四瘫 tetramer 四聚物三: tri-五:penta- Pentagon五边形 pentachromic五色的 pentachloride五氯化钠六:hexa- hexachromic六色的 benzene hexachloride 六氯化苯(六六六)五:penta-七:hepta-; sept/o: seven; septum (隔膜) heptachr
33、omic七色的 heptaploid七倍体 septangle 七边形; septotomy 房隔切开术 septostomy 房隔造口术七:hepta-; sept/o: seven; septu八:octa- octahedral八面体的octal system八进制八:octa- 九:nona- nonapeptide九肽 nonagon九边形十:deca- decade十年 decagram十克 deciliter十分升九:nona-多: poly-; multi-; polyuria多尿; polymer聚合体 polyopia复视症;multimedia polyp=polypus
34、息肉; pus:脓polyoposia饮水过多; -posia: drinkingpolyphagia贪食症(杂食); phag/o: eating 多: poly-; multi-;少:-penia: -penic :deficiency,lack ; olig/o: deficiency, few agranulocytopenia粒细胞缺乏症 oliguria小便减少; hypomenorrhea=oligomenorrhea月经过少; (men/o: menstruation; -rrhea: flow, discharge) osteopenia骨质稀少 少:-penia: -pen
35、ic :deficiency,l大:macro-; -megaly macronucleus巨核;macrophage巨噬细胞splenomegaly脾肿大;hepatmegaly肝肿大小: micro-; -let microorganism; microscopy micronucleus微核; droplet小滴; platelet血小板 leaflet小叶; booklet小册 大:macro-; -megaly肥大: hypertrophy: -trophy: nourishiment萎缩: atrophy下垂: hypophysis: physis: growth eg. cere
36、bri hypophysis: 脑垂体 pharyngeal hypophysis: 咽垂体肥大: hypertrophy: -trophy: nou9. 其他方面的词缀1.怕, 畏惧 phobia: fear photophobia phot/o:light畏光 noctophobia; noct/o: night怕黑hydraphobia恐水症(狂犬病) hydro-water xenophobia怕生客; xen/o: stranger 9. 其他方面的词缀1.怕, 畏惧 phobia: fe困难 dys-: bad, difficulty dysfunction功能障碍; dyspep
37、sia消化不良 peps/o:digestion dyspnea呼吸困难 -pnea:breathing dysuria排尿困难dystrophy; -trophy: nourishment营养不良 困难 dys-: bad, difficulty dystocia难产 -tocia: birth dystopia=dystopy异位, 错位 top/o:positiondysplasia发育不良; plas/o: -plasia: formation, growth, development hypogenesis (formation)发育不全 dystocia难产 -tocia: bir
38、th不良 mal-: bad malnutrition营养不良; malpractice事故 malfunction机能障碍 malignant恶性的maladministration管理不善不良 mal-: bad好, 正, eu-: good eupepsia消化良好(正常) peps/o: digestion eutopic正位的: top/o: position, location eutocia顺产(正常分娩; -tocia/-toscin: labour, delivery 分娩 euesthesia感觉良好(正常) : esthesi/o:feeling eugenic优生的ad
39、j. eugenics优生学; gen/o: producing euthanasia安乐死; -thanasia: death好, 正, eu-: good瘤,肿块 oma: tumor; cancer; swelling lymphoma淋巴瘤; adenoma腺瘤 hematoma血肿血症 emia: blood condition leukemia白血病; septisemia败血症 bacteremial菌血症 anemia贫血 an-:without 瘤,肿块 oma: tumor; cancer; swel高:hyper- :high,above; hyperdynamia: 肌
40、力过度; hypertension高血压( high blood pressure) hypertonia张力/压力过高 hypertonic adj. hypersensitive hyperplasia增生 -plasia: growth高:hyper- :high,above; 低:hypo-; low; below hypotonia hypotonic张力/压力过低(的) hypodynamia乏力(力不足); dynam/o: power, force; dynamic adj. dynamics hypotension ;low blood pressure, hyposensi
41、tive低:hypo-; low; below 急促: tachy-: quick tachypnea 呼吸急促 tachycardia(心动过速)急性:acute attack急性发作急诊:emergency慢性:chronic急促: tachy-: quick 麻痹 plegia: being senseless;paralysis hemiplegia 半身不遂;panplegia全身瘫痪 pan-:whole myoplegia肌瘫 facioplegia面瘫麻痹 plegia: being senseless;pa坏死 necrosis:death,necro-;death hepa
42、tonecrosis肝坏死; necrospermia死精症; osteonecrosis骨坏死; oste/o: bone坏死 necrosis:death,necro-;deat流出 rrhea: flowing; bursting out diarrhea 腹泻; menorrhea行经(flow, discharge) hemorrhage出血(bursting forth of blood) entorrhagia内出血(bursting forth of blood) ent/o: inside, inner 流出 rrhea: flowing; bursting 狭窄 -sten
43、osis: narrowing arteriostenosis动脉狭窄软化 malacia; softening cerebromalacia脑软化 cerebr/o: cerebrum, brain 医学英语的词缀类别医学医药课件硬化 -sclerosis: hardening cerebrosclerosis脑硬化 疏松-porosis: passage osteoporosis(passage)骨质疏松扩张,增大-ectasis: dilation,stretching bronchiectasis支气管扩张硬化 -sclerosis: hardening止血 -schesis :hol
44、ding back, suppression of discharge) hemoschesis闭塞: rhinocleisis(closure, blockage闭) rhinocleisis鼻腔堵塞; rhin/o: nose 止血 -schesis :holding back, sup冲洗 clysis: washingrhinoclysis(washing)鼻冲洗 弯曲 -cyllosis: -cyrtosis: crookingbrachiocyllosis=brachiocyrtosis臂弯曲brachi/o:brachium, arm; 冲洗 clysis: washing疗法:
45、-therapy radiotherapy放疗; radiotherapist(放疗专家) chemotherapy化疗 physiotherapy理疗 psychotherapy心理疗法 therapist治疗师疗法:-therapy无, 没有 a- an-: without atypical 非典型性的 asexual无性的 asymptomatic无症状的 anemia贫血 anorexia厌食症 orex/o: appetiteanesthesia麻醉(感觉缺失: esthesi/o: feeling, perception 无, 没有 a- an-: without肥胖: fat?
46、obese adj. obesity n.夜间盗汗; night sweats 血常规: routine blood test肥胖: fat? obese adj. obesity 休克: shock: (pathology) bodily collapse or near collapse caused by inadequate oxygen delivery to the cells; characterized by reduced cardiac output and rapid heartbeat and circulatory insufficiency and pallor(苍白); loss of blood is an important cause of shock 休克: shock: (pathology) bodily中风:卒中(拉丁语) stroke cerebrovascular accident ( CVA) apoplexy: a sudden loss of consciousness resulting when the rupture or occlus
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