女性主义英文介绍课件

1、 Feminism _RitaQuestions for you!How would you define it as an ideology意识形态?What comes to mind when you think of the word “feminism”?contents1Defination and Theory3Types of Feminisms2The Feminist Movement What is Feminism? Feminism Feminism is a collection of movements aimed at defining, establishin

2、g, and defending equal political, economic, and social rights for women. In addition, feminism seeks to establish equal opportunities for women in education and employment.An ideology 意思形态that “opposes the political, economic, and cultural relegation贬低 of women to positions of inferiority自卑.”Simply

3、put, feminism affirms womens equality with men, and rejects patriarchy父权制 .Men feministHenrik Johan Ibsen亨利克约翰易卜生 胡适 Karl Marx 卡尔亨利希马克思 HistoryThe terms feminism or feminist first appeared in France and The Netherlands in 1872 (as les fministes), Great Britain in the 1890s, and the United States in

4、1910. The Oxford English Dictionary lists 1894 for the first appearance of feminist and 1895 for feminism.The UK Daily News first introduced feminist to the English language, importing it from France and branding it as dangerous. What our Paris Correspondent describes as a Feminist group. in the Fre

5、nch Chamber of Deputies.Prior to that time, Womans Rights was probably the term used most commonly, hence Queen Victorias description of this mad, wicked folly of Womans Rights.Feminist theoryFeminist theory emerged from these feminist movements and includes general theories and theories about the o

6、rigins of inequality, and, in some cases, about the social construction of sex and gender, in a variety of disciplines. Feminist activists have campaigned for womens rightssuch as in contract, property, and votingwhile also promoting womens rights to bodily integrity and autonomy自治权 and reproductive

7、 rights生育权. They have opposed domestic violence, sexual harassment性骚扰, and sexual assault性侵犯. In economics, they have advocated for workplace rights, including equal pay and opportunities for careers and to start businesses.The Feminist Movement(also known as the Womens Movement, Womens Liberation,

8、or Womens Lib) refers to a series of campaigns for reforms on issues such as reproductive rights, domestic violence, maternity leave, equal pay, voting rights, sexual harassment, and sexual violence. The goals of the movement vary from country to country, e.g. opposition to female genital cutting女性生

9、殖器切割 in Sudan, or to the glass ceiling玻璃天花板 in Western countries.The movements history has gone through three waves, beginning in the 18th century. First-wave was oriented around the station of middle or upper-class white women, and involved suffrage and political equality. Second-wave feminism atte

10、mpted to further combat social and cultural inequalities. Third-wavefeminism starting in 1980 to early includes renewed campaigning for womens greater influence in politics. Writers such as Virginia Woolf are associated with the ideas of the First Wave of feminism. In her book A Room of Ones Own, Wo

11、olf describes how men socially and psychically dominate women. The argument of the book is that women are simultaneously victims of themselves as well as victims of men and are upholders of society by acting as mirrors to men.She recognizes the social constructs that restrict women in society and us

12、es literature to contextualize it for other women.The influences of the first wave FeminismThe second Wave Feminism(also called Modern Feminism) The second wave (1960s-1980s) dealt with the inequality of laws as well as cultural inequalities.The key event that marked the reemergence（再度出现 ）of this mo

13、vement in the postwar战后的 era was the surprise popularity of Betty Friedans 1963 book The Feminine Mystique The key event:The Feminine Mystique Women should speak out her feelings: In addition to her husband, children and families, I would like to get more.“女性应该大胆地说出自己的心声:除了丈夫、孩子和家庭，我还想得到更多。” Social

14、Impact“It ignited（点燃） the contemporary（同时代的 ）womens movement in 1963 and as a result permanently transformed the social fabric组织 of the United States and countries around the world.” - New York Times The influences of the second womens movementReligion Education Language Social changesFor example:Fe

15、minists are often proponents支持者 of using non-sexistlanguage, using “Ms.”to refer to both Married and unmarried women.The Third Wave Feminism(Post Modern Feminism)The third wave of feminism(late 1980s-early 2000s), is seen as both a continuation 继续and a response to the perceived 感知的failures of the se

16、cond wave.Nowadays：Some now believe as of 2010, we are in a fourth wave of feminism. Feminism in ChinaFeminism in China begun in the late Qing period, as Chinese society re-evaluated traditional and Confucian values such as foot binding and gender segregation, and began to reject traditional gender

17、ideas as hindering progress towards modernization. During the 1898 Hundred Days Reform, reformers called for womens education and equality, and the end of foot binding. Female reformers formed the first Chinese womens societythe Society for the Diffusion of Knowledge among Chinese Women (Nxuehuao).

18、After the collapse of the Qing Dynasty, womens liberation became a goal of the May Fourth Movement and the New Culture Movement.Later, the Chinese Communist Revolution adopted womens liberation as one of its aims and promoted womens equality, especially regarding womens participation in the workforc

19、e. After the revolution and progress in integrating women into the workforce, the Chinese Communist Party claimed to have successfully achieved womens liberation, and womens inequality was no longer seen as a problem.Wealthy Chinese women with bound feet (Beijing, 1900). Foot binding was a symbol of

20、 womens oppression during the reform movements in the 19th and 20th centuries.Second and third-wave feminism in China was characterized by a re-examination of womens roles during the reform movements of the early 20th century and the way in which feminism was adopted by those various movements in or

21、der to achieve their goals. Later and current feminists have questioned whether gender equality has actually been fully achieved, and discuss current gender problems, such as the large gender disparity性别分布不等 in the population。Feminism in China“她”时代已经到来 - 中国进入女性时代 西子湖畔的武林街，一名女子在试衣。杭州市中心的武林街集中了数百家风格迥异

22、时尚女装店，人称“女人街”。眼下的中国，女性占据了消费者总量的三分之二，“她”时代似乎已经到来。不过在国际社会，吴仪的知名度或许不如巩俐。在西方人眼中，巩俐是“全球最美的东方女人”，这位威尼斯影后曾登上过时代周刊的封面，她的每一部电影都引起广泛关注。国务院副总理吴仪堪称中国官位最高、权力最大的女性。吴仪以犀利的言词和机敏应对的谈判风格著称，被誉为中国政坛铁娘子。吴仪今年68岁，和52岁的美国国务卿赖斯一样，吴仪至今未婚。Liberal feminism自由女性主义Radical feminism激进女性主义Diversity feminism多样性女性主义Types of Feminism12

23、3Liberal Feminist ViewsLiberal Feminist ViewsShared with liberalism these ideas:Human equalityHuman rationality(合理性）Importance of individual rightsRadical feminismsMultiple多样的 types of radical feminisms, but they all share a common critique评论 of liberal feminism for accepting the status in the economic and social structures.The status operates with the male model as the norm 基准(e.g., seeing the w