英语四级写作开头和结尾市公开课金奖市赛课一等奖课件

1、大学英语四级作文第1页大学英语四级考试写作要求大学英语四级考试评分标准四级作文框架大学英语四级写作要求大学英语四级考试开头（风头）和结尾（豹尾）阐述观点（猪肚）第2页大学英语四级考试写作要求能就一定话题或提要在半小时内写出12-150词短文，能写短信和便条，表示意思清楚，无重大语言错误。正确表示思想，能按照英语书面文体规范和格式组织内容，叙事清楚。意义连贯包含意义和内容两方面连贯。文理通顺无重大语法错误。第3页四级考试通常要求考生将短文写成三段式，考神在写作时要看清作文题目对段落划分要求。假如题目要求写成三段式，就要按要求写；假如题目对段落无明确要求，最好以写三段或四段为宜。四级作文文体大致多

2、是包括介绍情况、提供信息、解释事物、阐述观点、表示看法等记叙文、议论文或说明文。书写工整、保持卷面整齐，给评卷人员留一个好印象非常主要。不要乱涂乱画，若有删节，在文字中间画道横线。第4页段落按要求写，普通情况下，中间一段长，首段和结尾段较短，给人第一感觉就是内容充实。按要求字数写，能够比要求字数稍微多一点。字数少了给人感觉缺乏内容，字数太多，文章显得繁琐，阅卷老师会烦，你分数会受影响。第5页许多考生作文错误即使不多，相当符合语法要求，但用词贫乏，过多使用如more and more, I think, as you know等表示，而且句子结构过于单一。统计结果表明，差作文中简单句多，而好作文

3、简单句少；差作文从句、连词、分词结构出现频率大大低于好作文；差作文中关键词和同义表示出现频率低于好作文。用词丰富和句式多样应该主要经过多看好文章，仔细琢磨好文章中用词和句子来提升。换句话说，也就是要从阅读中学习写作。第6页对写作考试评分标准切题-所谓切题是指在形式上诸如段落、字数、文体、格式等方面满足题目要求，并在内容上没有偏差。表示清楚、条理清楚-本要求考查学生对文章结构掌握，要求文章主题观点明确，有头有尾，论证说明安排有主次。文字通顺，连贯性很好-考查学生对过渡句和衔接词或词组掌握和利用，要求文章句子内部或句子之间通顺连贯。基本无语言错误-主要考查学生语言基本功掌握，包含语法和拼写两部分。

4、第7页四级作文框架大学英语四级作文结构三段（12句）Para1:观点/主题/问题（3-4）Para2:论证/阐述/分析（6-7)Para3: 结论/观点/处理方法（2-3）第8页段落基本要求统一性、连贯性、用字造句有改变第9页文章开头段普通要求好开端是成功二分之一文章开头主要作用：1.说明并限定主题2.提供相关背景信息3.引出中心思想4.吸引读者注意约为3-4句第10页四级作文类型1.现象解释（现象论说）2.对比选择3.问题处理4.观点论证5.应用文第11页主要试题类型组织表题型第一段 第二段第三段现象解释型 描述现象说明现象产生原因表明个人观点态度或阐述个人做法对比选择型表明一方或双方观点表

5、明另一方观点及理由，或指出双方观点不足之处理由表明个人观点或阐述个人做法问题处理型提出问题分析问题，给出处理方案表明个人观点态度或阐述个人做法观点论证型提出论点例证论点得出结论或表明个人看法与做法应用文描述事实阐述原因表明观点或提出提议back第12页四级写作开头和结尾第13页四级开头1：现象法这多用于现象解释型作文和问题处理型作文.1. 要求：主要要求考生对某一社会现象进行解释并加以评论。详细：描述社会生活中存在一个现象，通常会要求考生对这种现象做出说明，同时表明该种现象反应社会问题；进而会要求考生解释这种不良现象存在或发生原因，较为常见方式是要求在第二段对现象做细致分析，表述现象发生原因，

6、或表述现象改变原因；在第三段中，又往往要求考生针对现象做出评论，表明自己态度、观点或做法，以及怎样在日常生活中有效地实践以消除这种现象或其不利方面。因为全部段落都围绕这种现象为关键展开，所以称之为现象解释型试题。第14页EgRecently the problemphenomenon of has causedaroused publicpopularwideworldwide concern.2. recently the issue of the problem of the phenomenon of has been brought into fobus.(has been broug

7、ht to public attention)第15页Recently/presently the phenomenon /issue/problem ofhas been brought into focus/aroused public attention/become a heated topic/been in the limelight.Nowadays, our society is witnessing more and moreNowadays, many have been faced/troubled/confronted withIn the recentyears, h

8、as experienced an alarming increase/growth/rise/decline in第16页Practice1Campus security近年来发生在校园意外事件不停增加，校园安全问题备受关注对此我们应该采取哪些办法第17页Practice 2 (真题）第18页Parents and Children As can be seen from the picture, an old man is crouching there. The father is in rags while the four children wear expensive clothe

9、s. All of his four children regard him as a ball and want to kick him off. The four children are all good goalkeepers and successfully keep the father outside their doors. Thus, the father becomes homeless.第19页As can be observed from the picture, in the centre of a football playground is crouching a

10、n elderly man，who is dressed in rags, while, in striking contrast, the four children wear expensive name brand. All of his four children reckoning with him as a ball and want to kick him off. The four children are all excellent goalkeepers and triumphantly keep the father outside their doors. Thus,

11、the father turns out homeless.第20页Campus securityRecently the problem of camous security has been in the limelight. Nearly every day there are reports to the security第21页开头写法2：对立法普通包含引出讨论问题、展现两种不一样观点。主要适合用于对比选择性作文。要求：本题型要求考生比较两种观点或两种做法，进而表明自己对该问题或事物态度（事观点），也就是做出选择。1. when it comes to,some people bel

12、ieve that, but others argue/claim thatThere is probably some truth in both arguments/statements, but(I tend to agree/wold prefer to theformer/latter)第22页Nowadays there is no agreement among people as to some people focus on/advocate/favorwhile others may think.from my point of view,When faced with/i

13、n the face of , quire a few people claim thatbut other people argueas far as I am concerned, the former/latter point holds more weight.第23页Practice2Is it better to study alone or in a group?1.有些学生喜欢单独学习2.另外有一些学生则喜欢组成小组学习3.我观点第24页Is it better to study alone or in a group?When it comes to the issue th

14、at students should study alone or in a group, different people have different ideas. Some students prefer to study alone, while others think it is better to study in a group.第25页对比选择型模拟题Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: Lectures and Discussion

15、s. You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:1) 一些学生赞成讲座式教学2) 另一些学生偏爱讨论式教学3) 我看法第26页对比选择型模拟题范文(套用模版一) Lectures and Discussions 1. There is a heated debate over lectures and discussions. 2. It is commonly accepted that lectures can help stu

16、dents learn more quickly. 3. In contrast, others hold that discussions can stimulate students to learn by themselves. 4. Those who hold the first opinion suggest that students attend more lectures. 5. In their view, teachers help students master the knowledge which is accumulated by them in many yea

17、rs study and research. 6. However, others think that in a discussion, the teacher usually guides the students instead of dominating them. 7. They argue that involving in a discussion, students 第27页对比选择型模拟题范文(套用模版一) Lectures and Discussionshave to develop their ability to analyze problems. 8. Conside

18、ring one after another, I stand on the side of neither idea. 9. First of all, different methods have different disadvantages. 10. Furthermore, each student has his or her favorites. 11. Thirdly, lectures are preferable to discussions in the teaching of science and mathematics and on the contrary, di

19、scussions are preferable to lectures in the art and philosophy subjects. 12. Therefore, we should adopt different teaching methods according to different subjects.第28页6月真题第29页Sample Writing Should the University Campus Be Open to Tourists?(12月）1）名校校园正成为旅游新热点；2）校园是否应对游客开放，人们看法不一样3）我认为第30页Paragraph1 N

20、owadays, there is an increasing interest in visiting campuses of famous universities. Therefore, a hot debate arises over whether the university campus should be open to tourists.第31页Paragraph2 Some people are in favor of the idea of opening it to the public. They believe that the atmosphere of famo

21、us universities can motive students visitors to seek more knowledge. They also argue that as more tourists come to visit, these universities can make themselves known to more people.第32页Paragraph3 However, other people hold an opposite viewpoint. They consider that with tourists pouring into campuse

22、s, the beauty of the campus will be ruined. Whats more, they firmly point out that the normal teaching activities will be disturbed.第33页Paragraph4 There is some truth in both arguments. But I think the advantages of opening them outweigh the disadvantages. In my opinion, university campuses should b

23、e open to tourists.第34页1. 要求：本题型要求考生从描述文字/图表入手，解释试题文字/图表反应出社会生活中存在一个现实问题，指出问题危害性或处理这一问题紧迫性；然后在第二段对问题展开分析，提出处理问题方案或应对办法；最终一段要求考生表明自己对待这一问题态度、做法等。这种试题，因为全部段落都以某个问题为关键展开，以提出问题分析问题处理问题为根本，所以称之为问题处理。这类作文包含图表式作文和提要式作文，所以，引用数据要有经典性、解释原因要注意连贯性、处理问题要突出可行性。三、问题处理型第35页问题处理性试题回顾12月Limiting The Use of Disposable

24、 Plastic Bags2011,6Online shopping2012,6 exceeding pacakaging第36页A Model Nowadays, there are more and more 某种现象 in 某种场所. It is estimated that 相关数据. Why have there been so many 某种现象? Maybe the reasons can be listed as follows. The first one is 原因一. Besides, 原因二. The third one is 原因三. To sum up, the m

25、ain cause of 某种现象 is due to 最主要原因. It is high time that something were done upon it. For one thing, 处理方法一. On the other hand, 处理方法二. All these measures will certainly reduce the number of 某种现象.第37页处理问题型特点总结1.当前存在某个问题2.这种问题危害或产生原因3.给出处理方法第38页A Sample Paragraph 1-Introduction Nowadays, there are more

26、and more people finding jobs on Internet instead of looking for a job in the ads of the newspaper or in a job market某种现象 某种场所. It is estimated that 1 out of 1,000 job seekers prefer getting their jobs on Internet by browsing for a job相关数据. 第39页Paragraph 2Body/illustration Why have there been so many

27、 people favoring Internet job hunting more than the traditional way某种现象? Maybe the reasons can be listed as follows. The first one is its convenience. A job hunter can find a job without bothering to ask help from his relatives or friends, or register at an employment agency.原因一. Besides, it is effi

28、cient. A job seeker can get a job by simply browsing among the want ads online and sending his or her resumes via an E-mail.原因二. The third one is the success rate is usually higher and even if one fails to find a job ,it can spare him the embarrassment of being refused原因三. 第40页Paragraph 3-Conclusion

29、 To sum up, the main cause of job-hunt on Internet某种现象 is due to its convenience , efficiency and high success rate最主要原因. With the increasing popularity of the Internet, this new approach of job-hunt will gain more and more popularity among college graduates and laid-off workers.第41页观点论证型作文第42页什么是观点

30、论证型作文？ 观点论证型作文普通要求考生依据题目所给论点，按照提要要求，经过摆事实、讲道理方式对论点进行论证。 其基本结构是：1. 首先提出要论证论点2. 然后提出论据对其进行论证3. 最终表明自己立场和看法第43页写作思绪（三段式）：1. 提出观点段引言句（背景）+主题句 （论点）+ 扩展句（正确性表现）+结尾句2. 论证观点段主题句 + 扩展句一（论据一） + 扩展句二（论据二） + 扩展句三（论据三） 3. 总结观点段主题句 + 扩展句（正确态度或做法） + 结尾句第44页结构模板： 论点背景. It is true that 论点. No one can deny that 正确性表现

31、. Therefore, 重申论点. Many remarkable reasons contribute to this argument. First of all, 论据一. For example, 支持论据一事例. Besides, 论据二. In addition，论据三. All mentioned above tell us that 重申观点. Therefore, there is no denying that 正确态度或做法. In a word, 观点总结. 第45页比如：It pays to be honest当前社会存在许多不老实现象老实利人利己，做人应该老实第4

32、6页范文：It pays to be honest Nowadays there still exist many dishonesties, such as cheating, over-charging, fake commodities, etc. , which ruin our moral life. It is true that being honest is not only beneficial to others but also to ourselves. No one can deny that honesty is a traditional virtue of Ch

33、inese people. Therefore, we should value honesty highly.第47页It pays to be honest Many remarkable reasons contribute to this argument. First of all, honesty can build up a more stable society. For example, Singapore, which is a society of trustworthiness and integrity, has a comparatively low crimina

34、l rate. Whats more, honesty can make our life easier and more harmonious. Besides, only honest people can be truly respected by others and can have more friends.第48页It pays to be honest All mentioned above tells us that being honest is of benefit to both state and the individual. Therefore, there is

35、 no denying that we should foster the spirit of honesty and let dishonesty have no place to stay in our society. In a word, laying stress on honesty will become one of the public morals in our society.第49页观点论证型模拟题Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the top

36、ic: Wealth and Happiness. You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:1) 每个人都想取得财富，财富似乎就是幸福2) 其实世界上有许多东西是财富换不来第50页观点论证型模拟题范文(套用模板一) Wealth and Happiness 1. It is well known that wealth doesnt necessarily mean happiness in todays world. 2. Th

37、e truth of it is self-evident. 3. No one can deny that there are many things you cannot buy with money. 4. Therefore, people owning much money may also feel unhappy. 5. Many examples can be found to prove that wealth is not equal to happiness. 6. Take love as a typical example. 7. People cannot buy

38、love with money and may feel unhappy without love. 8. Furthermore, good health, which cannot be第51页观点论证型模拟题范文(套用模板一) Wealth and Happinessbought with money, also plays an important role in our lives. 9. It goes without saying that people can get nowhere without money, but cant get everywhere with mon

39、ey. 10. Then, whats the proper attitude towards wealth? 11. There is no doubt that we should earn money with honest work, but not be crazy about money. 12. In conclusion, happiness consists of love, good health, wealth, friendship and many other factors. 第52页观点论证型模拟范文(套用模板二) Wealth and Happiness 1.

40、It is believe that wealth doesnt necessarily mean happiness in todays world. 2. The truth is deep and profound. 3. As we know, there are many things you cannot buy with money. 4. Consequently, people owning much money may also feel unhappy. 5. A case in point is love. 6. This is close to suggest tha

41、t people cannot buy love with money and may feel unhappy. 7. It is true that good health, which cannot be bought with money, also plays an important role in our lives. 8. In addition, 第53页观点论证型模拟范文(套用模板二) Wealth and Happinessknowledge also makes people feel happy. 9. All mentioned above tells us tha

42、t we should take a right attitude toward money. 10. As a matter of fact, everyone can get nowhere without money, but cannot get everywhere with money. 11. There is no denying that we should earn money with honest work, but not be crazy about money. 12. In short, happiness consists of love, health, w

43、ealth, friendship and many other factors. 第54页6月四级作文1. 如今不少学生在英语学习中不重视拼写，2. 出现这种现象原因是3. 为了改变这种情况，我认为。Due Attention Should Be Given to Spelling第55页Due Attention Should Be Given to Spelling新东方 They say “mind breeds physiognomy”，which implies the importance of ones appearance. Similarly, a correct and

44、neat spelling of a composition can not only reflect a success of the composition but embody the decent disposition of the writer as well .Unfortunately, a great number of students pay little attention to their spelling though their composition turns out quite good either in content or in logic, thus

45、 leaving the teacher in a dilemma whether to give a high score or not.第56页Tracing the reasons hidden behind, we can easily find it is mainly because some students are unaware of the importance of the spelling. In their minds, the content absolutely outweighs the form so the attention to spelling can

46、 be pleasantly spared. Objectively speaking, in the examination, the limited time and urgent situation make students have no more effort to care about their spelling and the fact is that they have to write as quickly as possible to finish it on time, leaving some characters vague or incorrect.第57页Ju

47、st as is said above, spelling, in a sense , mirrors the content, so a direct result of the bad spelling is the low academic score in the exam for it is hard to expect a text full of undistinguishable words toreceive a good appreciation. Further, once the habit of lax松懈 spelling was formed, in a long

48、 run the quality of being negligence could also be gradually shaped, which would undoubtedly exert negative impact for our future work and life.第58页满分范文： Due Attention Should Be Given To Spelling文都Nowadays, students attach less importance to the spelling of words in the process of English study. Thi

49、s phenomenon greatly influences students writing and brings on worries among teachers.第59页 There are possibly three reasons contributing to this phenomenon. First, exam-oriented education应试教育 makes the students pay less attention to spelling. Second, some teachers should also be responsible for it b

50、ecause they dont emphasize the importance of spelling during teaching. Last but not least, some students are too lazy to recite words.第60页 Since spelling is one of the most important factors in English study, due attention should be given to it. As for me, I think, first, exams should be modified to

51、 add some factors into it, which would help students pay more attention to spelling. Then, schools should also set effective mechanisms to help teachers as well as the students to realize the importance. Finally, for students themselves, they can, through other ways, make them be interested in word

52、spelling. Only by these can we surly realize the importance of spelling and make improvement第61页6月四级题Online Shopping1. 现在网上购物已成为一个时尚2. 网上购物有很多好处，但也有不少问题3. 我提议第62页Online ShoppingNowadays, with the rapid development of information technology, online shopping has gained great popularity among more and

53、more web users. For example, it is fashionable for youngsters to purchase daily essentials, such as books, clothes, electrical equipment, on some famous websites, like Taobao, EBay and Alibaba.第63页 Undoubtedly speaking, online shopping has many advantages. Firstly, compared with traditional shopping

54、, its very convenient. What you need to do is just clicking your mouse and waiting instead of going out by foot or driving. Secondly, more choices than real store are another attraction to customers. 第64页However, in spite of convenience and more choices of online shopping, we cannot turn a blind eye

55、 to its disadvantages. Obviously, quality problem is its first disadvantage. Its common that articles arent so good just as they are described online that customers always buy fake commodities. In addition, its troublesome and annoying for many customers to make a change when they are not satisfied

56、with what they bought online.第65页 As a college student, I like online shopping but I expected that effective measures should be taken to make it better.Specifically speaking, government should work out strict regulations and rules to prevent unfaithful and unlawful activities of online shop owners.

57、Only by this way can online shopping become really safe and attract an increasing number of customers.第66页图表作文描写图表惯用句型：1. according to figures shown in the table/graph/chart/pie, we can see/ conclude that2. the graph/picture shows/ tells/reveals that3.as is shown/can be seen/observed in the chart/ta

58、ble/picture that4.the table is/gives information that第67页5. the table represents the development and changes in 6. after considering the information in the table we might conclude that第68页阐述观点一二三标准假如只有两点用 for one thingfor anotherOn the one handon the other hand第69页假如是三点用以下表述：First, second, third,Fir

59、stly, secondly, thirdlyTo begin with, then/ furthermore/besides/ moreover/in addition,last but not the leastFirst and foremost, besides, last but not leastMost important of all/first of all, moreover, finally第70页结尾段开始惯用词组1.In short2.To conclude3.To sum up4.To summarize5.In a word6.In brief第71页大学英语四级

60、考试 作文惯用句式第72页开头 Recently, the problem of has aroused peoples concern. 最近,问题已引发人们关注. Internet has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life. It has brought a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well. 互联网已在我们生活中饰演着越来越主要角色.它给我们带来了许多好处,但也产生了一些严重问题. 第73页开头Now