Unit 5 情态动词学案-高中英语人教版必修第三册

1、情态动词的基本用法一、情态动词的定义情态动词 一、情态动词的定义情态动词 (Mode I Verbs) 又称为情态助动词 (Mode I Aux i I i ar i es),本身有一定的词义， 但要与动词原形一起使用构成谓语，表示说话人对有关行为或事物的态度和看法，表示可能、 能力、请求许可、建议忠告、命令义务禁止、意图、推测等。二、基本特征：1.在形式上，情态动词没有实义动词的各种变化，即不随主语的不同而变化，只有could, might, should, would, had to几个过去式，其他情态动词如must, ought to等的过去式皆 与现在式同形。2.在意义上，大多数情态动

2、词有多个意义。3.在用法上，情态动词与助动 词一样，须后接动词原形，构成谓语动词。三.常见情态动词、否认式及缩略形式：情态动词否认式缩略形式情态动词 否认式 缩略形式will not wonlwould not wouldntmust not mustnthad better /notouht oughtnt not to J一、情态动词的定义情态动词 (Mode I Verbs) 又称为情态助动词 (Mode I Aux i I i ar i es),本身有一定的词义， 但要与动词原形一起使用构成谓语，表示说话人对有关行为或事物的态度和看法，表示可能、 能力、请求许可、建议忠告、命令义务禁止

3、、意图、推测等。二、基本特征：1.在形式上，情态动词没有实义动词的各种变化，即不随主语的不同而变化，只有could, might, should, would, had to几个过去式，其他情态动词如must, ought to等的过去式皆 与现在式同形。2.在意义上，大多数情态动词有多个意义。3.在用法上，情态动词与助动 词一样，须后接动词原形，构成谓语动词。三.常见情态动词、否认式及缩略形式：情态动词否认式缩略形式情态动词 否认式 缩略形式will not wonlwould not wouldntmust not mustnthad better /notouht oughtnt not

4、 to J一、情态动词的定义情态动词 (Mode I Verbs) 又称为情态助动词 (Mode I Aux i I i ar i es),本身有一定的词义， 但要与动词原形一起使用构成谓语，表示说话人对有关行为或事物的态度和看法，表示可能、 能力、请求许可、建议忠告、命令义务禁止、意图、推测等。二、基本特征：1.在形式上，情态动词没有实义动词的各种变化，即不随主语的不同而变化，只有could, might, should, would, had to一、情态动词的定义情态动词 (Mode I Verbs) 又称为情态助动词 (Mode I Aux i I i ar i es),本身有一定的词

5、义， 但要与动词原形一起使用构成谓语，表示说话人对有关行为或事物的态度和看法，表示可能、 能力、请求许可、建议忠告、命令义务禁止、意图、推测等。二、基本特征：1.在形式上，情态动词没有实义动词的各种变化，即不随主语的不同而变化，只有could, might, should, would, had to几个过去式，其他情态动词如must, ought to等的过去式皆 与现在式同形。2.在意义上，大多数情态动词有多个意义。3.在用法上，情态动词与助动 词一样，须后接动词原形，构成谓语动词。三.常见情态动词、否认式及缩略形式：情态动词否认式缩略形式情态动词 否认式 缩略形式will not won

6、lwould not wouldntmust not mustnthad better /notouht oughtnt not to Jcancouldmaymightshallshouldcannot could notmay not might notshall not should notcantcouldnftmightnt shant shouldntwouldmusthadbetterought to四.情态动词的分类1 只作情态动词的:can/could, may/might, ought to, must.可情态可实义的：need, dare/dared.可情态可助动词的：

7、shall/should, will/would.相当于情态动词的：have to, used to五、情态动词的基本用法1. can & couId + do be done (能力、请求许可、猜想)(1) My grandmother do some shopp i ng on the Internet.(2)The bu i Id i ng was on f i re, but Iuck i Iy everyone i n i t escape from i t.(can/couId表示能力(abi I ity),用于一般现在时和过去时，意思相当于be abIe too 在一般过去时中，

8、was / were ab Ie to通常表示能做并且已经做了的事二managed to do或 succeed in doing,可用于各种时态中，could仅表示能力。)you give me a hand with the box?CouId I use your car?Yes, of course you.No, ( can/couId表示 “请求” 和“许可”，could语气更委婉，肯定回答 时要用can,不用could。)The temperature here be as h i gh as 37C.As a human be i ng, anyone make a mi st

9、ake.(can用在肯定句中多表示理论上的可能，“经验之谈”，含有“有时会”的意思。)(cant . too/enough 无论 也不过分；越 越好；cant (heIp) but do sth. 不得不，只好；cant help doing sth.禁不住做某事；“couldnt be better ”表示“最好， 再好不过”)翻译：你过马路的时候再怎么小心也不过分.I can t thank you too much for a I I your he I p to my son.One cannot but admi re her determinat ion.我这个月的工作最好。含义否

10、认式注意点（表能力）区别 be ab I e to（请求许可）Cou I d语气更委婉（表猜想）表推测主要用于否认/疑问句 中，陈述句为客观可能性2. May & might + do be done (请求许可、猜想) I have a few words with your manager?Yes, you .No, you You have some fever.That be Mary一 she s in hospita I.Mr Smith be a great pIayer, but he s a good captain.(may not 不太可能会 can t肯定不会)祝你成功

11、！(may表示祝愿，常用结构为：May +主语+动词原形)May you! A. succeed B. success(6) Si nee it i s a fine day, we wa I k.His appearance has changed so much that you not recognize him.(may/mi ght as we I I do sth ”还是.为好； 不妨“ 二 had better do sthmay/mi ght we I I do sth ”很有可能”)Must & need + do be done (必须、肯定猜想、偏偏)You mustn,

12、 t do that, because you must keep your word.一Must I finish my homework today?一 Yes, you .一No, you . ( must表示“必要性”，意为“必须”，其否认形式为mustn, t (不 准，禁止)，must的否认回答用neednJ t don t have to不需要。must表示一种主观 的义务和必要；而have to表示一种客观被迫需要，含有“不得不，只好”的意思。)That be the on I y way. There be other ways of solving the prob I e

13、m.那不可能是解决问题的唯一方法，肯定有另外的方法。(肯定猜想“一定，准是，只能用 在肯定句中， 在否认句、疑问句中要用cad t代替，表示“不可能会)(3)Why must it rain today?为什么偏偏今天下雨？(must表“偏要”)Will & would + do be done (表意志；表请求建议；习惯性动作；表猜想)I never do that again.(表示意志、意愿和决心)you gi ve me a p iece of paper?(表示请求、建议。用于第二人称的疑问句， wouId表示更委婉的语气)(3)She Ii sten to mus i c, a I

14、 one i n her room, for hours.(4)We sit around Grandpa after supper, I istening to his stor ies.(表示习惯性动作、固有属性或必然趋势，“总是；习惯于would指过去的习惯二usedto。)Sha I I (意见、命令、警告允诺、必须；应该)+ doI am busy now. my brother do it for you?(用于第一 三人称的疑问句中表 示说话者征求对方的意见。)A. Will B. Shal I C. Must D. May Daddy, can you buy me a new

15、 i pad when you go to Be i j i ng?You get one if you are admitted to a key middle school.(shall用于第二、第三人称，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺。)(3)(用于法律，条约，规章，等文件中，无论主语人称如何一律用shall:必须；应该。) 第六条一切单位和个人都有保护环境的义务:Article 6 All entities and individualdhahave the obligation to protect environment.她方各级人民政府应当对本行政区域的环境质量负责。 The

16、 local peoples governments at all levelhajj)be responsible for the environmental qualitywithin their respective administrative regions.企业事业单位和其他生产经营者应当防止、减少环境污染和生态破坏，对所造成的损害依法承当责任。翻译：每个学生在7:05分以前到达教室早读。Should (主观看法)+ do=ought to (语气略强；法令规那么、行为准那么、道德责任 等客观)+ do = be supposed to do sth(1)我们应该严格要求自己。It

17、 s wonderfuI that you shouId have achieved so much in these years.Don t ask me. How shouId I know?(should表示责任、义务、劝告、建议，意为“应该二ought toshould表示惊讶、愤怒、失望等特殊情感，意为“竟然”should表示按常理、经验进行推测，意为“按道理说应该”)Need + do be done(need作情态动词主要用于疑问句、否认句或条件句中。)I neednt (use) a cIock to wake me up.Need he (go) there himself?

18、(need作实义动词，有人称、数、时态的变化，常用搭配：sb need to do 需要做某事 sth need doing/to be done 需要被做)I dont need (use) a cIock to wake me up.(4)D i d he need (go) there h imseIf?My watch needs(repa i r).dareY2I If he dare go, Fil go with him. Tom didnt dare to do it.odare作情态动词时，表示“敢；敢于常用于否认句和疑问 句中，后接动词原形，否认形式为dare not 0d

19、are常用作实义动词 ,有 带to的不定式 的变化,后面可 接时态、人称和数odare作为实义动词，有如下搭配:dare to do sth敢于做某事dare sb to do sth激某人做某事Can&couIdCan&couIdCan&couId请求、许可推测能力情态动词表推测possibilityCan&couId请求、许可推测能力May&mi ght请求、许可推测祝愿（may）Wi I I & would请求推测意愿、决心习惯性动作must推测必要性偏偏、偏Shou I d推测责任、建议竟然sha I I请求法规、规章制度允诺、警告、决、 2cantcouldntmay notmigh

20、t notmaymightcouldshouldwould/willcertainuncertaincertaincantcouldntmay notmight notmaymightcouldshouldwould/willcertainuncertaincertainYuY对现在对现在进行对过去肯定must+do/be+bedoing+ have done可能may/might+do/be+ be doing+ have done不可能cant/couldnt+do/be+ be doing+ have doneAnoI dont know where she is, she in Sha

21、nghai.（可能在上海）At this moment, our teacher. （定正在上课）The road is wet. It Iast night. （一定下过雨）Philip ser iously i n the car accident.（可能在车祸中受了 重伤）Mike hi s car, for he came to work by bus thi s morning. （定还没有 找回他的车）He h i s homework now.（不可能正在做作业） 注意：情态动词+have donecould have donecould have donecould have

22、donecould have donecould have done（过去）本可以做某事（但没做）could have done（过去）本可以做某事（但没做）ought to/should have done（过去）本应该做某事（但没做）oughtn to/shouldnl have done （过去）本不应该做某事（但做了）neednt have done（过去）本不需要做某事（但做了）I reaI Iy regret wasting the hours when I shouId have studied hard, but it is too I ate.I was reaIly anx

23、ious about you. You shouldn t have I eft home without a word.I neednt have wor r i ed before I came to the new schoo I, for my c I assmates here are fr i end Iy to me.You couId have rev i ewed, but you pIayed games a I I n i ght.summary/情态动词+have done有两个主要用法：是表示对过去发生的动作或存在的状态的推测。是表示对过去发生的动作的遗憾或责备。mu

24、st have done表推测（一定做了某事）might/may have done表推测（可能做了某事）cant/couldnt have done表推测（小可能做了某事）could have done表遗憾或责备（本可以做某事）should/ought to have done表遗憾或责备（本应该做某事）shouldnt/oughtnt to have done表遗憾或责备（本不应该做某事）neednt have done表遗憾或责备（本不必做某事）过去将来时的用法I.用法1.过去将来时表达过去某时之后将要发生的动作或存在的状态。它常用于主句谓语是一般 过去时态的宾语从句中。例如：They

25、 wou Id begin to d i scuss thi s when they arr i ved. 他们到达时就会开始讨论这件 事。The peasants were sure that they wouId have another good harvest that year.农民们坚信那一年将又会大丰收。I I. 过去将来时态的结构wou I d do表达将发生的动作。例如：He wouldnt I eave the next Fr i day. 随后的周五，他不会离开。was / were going to d。表达准备、计划、将要做某事，它所表达可能发生也可能不发 生的动作。

26、例如：The students were going to p I ay tab Ie tenni s that afternoon. 那 天下午学生们要才丁 乒乓球。was / were about to do表达马上发生的动作，它不可与明确时间状语连用。其常用句 式是 was / were about to do when+从句。伊:The meet i ng was about to be he I d at once. 这个会，义马上举彳亍。go, come, return, I eave, start, f ini sh等动词的过去进行时态表达过去将要发生的 动作。例如。They s

27、aid they were Ieaving for Paris soon. 他们说不久他们将离开去巴黎。was / were to do表达曾经计划做某事。例如：She sa i d she was to buy a f I at i n Shangha i. 她说过要在上海买一套房子。高考链接One of our ru I es i s that every student wear schoo I un i form wh i I e at schoo I.A. might B. CouId C. shaI I D. wi I IDid you attend the meet ing fo

28、r the exper imerit project yesterday?一Yes, but I don, t think I because my di rector was there.A. need to have B. need to C. needed to D. need haveFrank I y speak i ng, I am not sure whether I th i s i n the o I d days with that kind of equipment, which Iooks quite odd and r idicuIous.A. shouId have

29、 done B. need have done C. wouId have done D. must have donehave been here ha If an hour ago.have been here ha If an hour ago.have been here ha If an hour ago.一It s a I ready 11 o cIock , and he 一Maybe he got caught i n the ra i n.have been here ha If an hour ago.A. must B. ought to C. May D. canCan

30、 I pay the bill by credit card?But i t i s the management ru I es of our hote I that paymentA. sha I I B.A. sha I I B.6. Mark ear I y.A. sha I I B.6. Mark ear I y.be made i n cash.Need C. wi I I D. have hurr i ed. AfterA. sha I I B.6. Mark ear I y.be made i n cash.Need C. wi I I D. have hurr i ed. A

31、fterA. 7. to A.8.A. 7. to A.8.needn, 11 has schooI sha I It B.beenwouldn t C. mustn t D. couIdnA. 7. to A.8.needn, 11 has schooI sha I It B.beenwouldn t C. mustn t D. couIdn, tannounced that a I I the students put on masks before goingi n case they are i nfected with SARS vi rus.B. wi I I C. need D.

32、 mayI fee I a I ittIe nervous.一What s wrong with you?一Oh, I am sick. I so much ice cream just now.A. shouldn, t eat B. mustn, t eatC. couldn, t have eaten D. shouIdn? t have eatenTravel i ng by subway sometimes be quite an adventure, espec i a I Iy dur i ng the rush hour.A. must B. can C. shaI I D.

33、shouIdHe i s a bad-tempered fel low, but he be qui te charming when he wi shes. A. sha I I B. Shou Id C. can D. mustIt is reaI Iy co Id and the ground i s wet; i t have ra i ned Iast n i ght. A. might B. Must C. can D. shouIdPaul did A. need have C. must havePaul did A. need have C. must haveI haveI

34、t is reaI Iy co Id and the ground i s wet; i t have ra i ned Iast n i ght. A. might B. Must C. can D. shouIdPaul did A. need have C. must havePaul did A. need have C. must haveI havePaul did A. need have C. must haveI havePaul did A. need have C. must haveI havea great job i n the speech contest. He

35、pract i sed B. might pract i sed D. couId someth i ng importantHi s ceI I phone i s here, so A. mustn,Paul did A. need have C. must haveI havea great job i n the speech contest. Hepract i sed B. might pract i sed D. couId someth i ng importantHi s ceI I phone i s here, so A. mustn, t B. needn t C. 1

36、5. Mr. Baker, some students A. May B. Shou Id C. Sha I Ihemany times Iast week.pract i se pract i se to tel I John. But I can, t f ind him. have gone too far.wouIdn? t D. can, twant to see you. they wait here or outside?D. WiI I16. Most of the top I eaders expressed a common des i re at the UN confe

37、rence,that different cultures A. the one ; must B. the onethat different cultures A. the one ; must B. the onethat different cultures A. the one ; must B. the onethat different cultures A. the one ; must B. the oneItbe the postmanA. mustnt B. cant C. wontI Iove the weekend, becausecoexist with toler

38、ance.that different cultures A. the one ; must B. the oneItbe the postmanA. mustnt B. cant C. wontI Iove the weekend, becausecoexist with tolerance.;shouId C. one ; must D. one ; shouId at the door. Its on Iy s i x ocIock.D. needntA. mustn, t B. needn? t C. wouldn, t get up ear Iy on Saturdays and S

39、undays. D. shouldn t19. Peter searched a I I the p I aces where he have I eft her i Pad but it was a I I in vain. A. might B. wouId C. must D. shouId- Jim what I said annoying though he didn t say anything.一 So you mean you wiI I have to apologize to him?A. must find B. might find C. shouId have fou

40、nd D. must have foundTom, you I eave a I I your cIothes on the fIoor Ii ke this!A. wouldn, t B. mustn, t C. needn t D. may notSkills like critical th i nk i ng and ana lysis be found on the I nternet, because they must be acqui red i n the context of facts.A. can t B. needn, t C. mustn? t D. shouldn

41、 t一 you d i sturb me now? I m busy prepar i ng a report.一 Terr ibIy sorry, but I have someth i ng urgent to teI I you.A. Need B. Shou Id C. Might D. Must翻译1.*(2019天津高考 我本来希望送给彼得一件礼物祝贺他结婚，但没有做到。*(2019 全国卷I )人群可能会破坏这个地方的美。*她可能不知道这件事。(2019 江苏高考 我很乐意在欢迎仪式上穿中国传统服装。过去将来时高考真题The novel written by the author best, but five years ago no one could have imagined how great a role he in the literary world.A. sells; was to playB. was selling; was playingC. sold; had playedD. is sold; is playingThe plane is leaving right now, but Jim hasnt arrived yet.Well, he said he here on time.A. came B. w