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1、Unit1,isself-centered.-Byrightaction,wemeanitmusthelppromotepersonalinterest.wasaproductoftheirexcessivefecundity.-Thepovertyofthepoorwascausedbytheirhavingtoomanychildren.3.therichwerenotresponsibleforetheritscreationoritsamelioration.-therichwerenottoblamefortheexistenceofpovertysotheyshouldntbeas
2、kedtoundertakethetaskofsolvingtheproblem.smerelytheworkingoutofalawofnatureandalawofgod-Itsonlytheresultoreffectofthelawofthesurvivalofthefittestappliedtonatureortohumansociety.declinedinpopularity,andreferencestoitacquiredacondemnatorytone-peoplebegantorejectSocialDarwinismcuzitseemedtoglorifybruta
3、lforceandopposetreasuredvaluesofsympathy,loveand,whenitwasmentioned,itwasusuallythetargetofcriticism.6.thesearchforawayofgettingthepooroffourconsciencewasnotatanend,itwasonlysuspended.-Thedesiretofindawaytojustifytheconcernforthepoorhadntbeenabandoned,ithadonlybeenputoff7.onlyrarelygiventooverpaying
4、formonkeywrenches,flashlights,coffeemakers,andtoiletseats-Governmentofficials,onthewhole,aregood,itsveryrarethatsomehighpricesforofficeequipmenttogetkickbacksisperhapsourmosthighlyinfluentialpieceoffiction-Itsaverypopularstoryandhasbeenacceptedbymanybutitsnottrue.canbetheservantoftruth-butevenmoreof
5、convenience-Beliefcanbeusefulinthesearchformoreoftenthannotitsacceptedcuzitsconvenientandself-servingGilderwhotellstomuchapplausethatthepoormusthavethecruelspuroftheirownsufferingtoensureeffort-GGadvancestheviewthatonlywhenthepoorsufferfromgreatmiserywilltheybestimulatedtomakegreatefforttochangethes
6、ituation,inotherwords,sufferingisnecessarytoforcethepoortoworkhardUnit2thesemarksofwildcountrycalledtomyfatherlikethelegendarysirensong-Thoughtheplacewasntpleasantordisagreeable,myfatherwasdeeplyattractedtoitpreciselybecauseofitsunexploreduncultivatednaturalstateandthechallenge2.Imafraidthedaysgoing
7、tocatchusIexplained,wonderingwhatgreatdisastermightbefallusifitdid-Asalittlegirl,Ibelievedmyfatherswords,andwasgenuinelyafraidofthepossibledisaster-ifwedidnthurryup,thedaywouldcatchusandterriblethingsmighthappen3.fromtimetotimehewashalfheartedlysoughtfortrial,thoughfewcrimesseemedtoleaddirectlytohis
8、door-Inthisplace,thoughpolicewouldmakesomeeffortwithoutrealearnesttoinvestigateWastonandbringhimtocourt,thereseemedtobelittleconcreteevidencetoprovethathewasresponsibleforcertainillegalactivitiesstrangleholdWastonhadoverthissectionofFloridwasnotdissimilartotheunscrupulousactivitiesofcertainlawmen,ot
9、herlegalcrooks,andevengovernorsthatourstatewastosufferthroughitshistory-ThecontrolWastonhadoverthispartofFloridawasmuchsimilartothedishonestorillegalactivitiesofthelaw-enforcingofficialsandgovernmentwhichfloridawitnessedinthetwentiethcenturywasthelittleshack,notthemostgraciousoflivingquarters,andthe
10、rewasamurdererforournearestandonlyneighbor,aboutthirtymilesaway-Beforethefamilybuilttheirownhouse,theylivedinashabbycabinatGopherKey,closetothemercilesswastonRichardinhisgluttonyneversatatatablemoresumptuousthanourswasthreetimesaday-Wehadabundantfoodontheisland,andeventhemealsenjoyedbykingrichard,wh
11、owasfamousforhisloveoffood,couldntpossiblycomparewithourstheunrelentingheat,wewerehappytobeletofffromourhoursofschoolindoorssessionswhichourmotherkepteveryday,rainorshine-Althoughitwasveryhotoutsideinthesun,wewerehappytobedismissedfrommymotherssessionswouldhavetoreadandwritewithhereverydaynomatterwh
12、atweatherwaslikeUnit31.evendroughts,floods,andheatwavesmaybecomeunwittingactsofmanWhatpeopledomayunintentionallycausedroughts,floods,andheatwavesthisimage,nowrepeatedlythrustbeforeusinphotographs,posters,andadvertisementsismisleadingTheEarthweseeinphotos,postersandads,whichappearssobeautiful,isnotth
13、etruereflectionoftheworldwelivein;suchimagelullsusintocomplacenytechnospherehasbecomesufficientlylargeandintensetoalterthenaturalprocessesthatgoverntheecosphereHumanactivitieshavetakenplaceoversuchlargeareasandwithsuchintensitythattheyhavealreadycauseddisastrouseffectonecology4.Whichcouldestablishit
14、selfonlybecauseitfittedproperlyintothepreexistingsystemThefishcouldplayitsrolebecauseitbecameanecessarylinkwiththeprocessesprecedingitandtheprocessesfollowingitintheecologicalsystemsonarrowly,itsnosurprisethatcarshavepropertiesthatarehostiletoenvironmentWhencarsareproducedtoservesuchnarrowlypurpose,
15、itsnosurprisingthatsomeoftheircharacteristicqualitiesareharmfultotheenvironmentrose,butnotinproportiontotherateoffertilizerapplicationThefarmappliedmoreandmorefertilizer,andtheproductiondidrisebutdidntatthesamerateoffertilizer7.theirwasteisflushedintothesewersystem,alteredincompositionbutnotinamount
16、atatreatmentplantPeopleeattheplantsandanimals,andtheirwasteisflushedintothesewerbeingprocessed,thewasteisstillresiduewillgointoriversoceansandwillhaveharmfuleffectontheaquaticecosystemtotheirowndevices,ecosystemareconservativeIftheecosytemsarenotupsetbyoutsideintrusion,theywillremainthesamewithveryl
17、ittlechangecontrasttotheecosphere,thetechnosphereiscomposedofobjectsandmaterialsthatreflectarapidandrelentlessprocessofchangeandvariationThecharacteristicsofobjectsandmaterialsinthetechnospherearerapidchangeandgreatvarietythisdoneonlyatthecostofunderstandingIfwetakesidesinthewarofthetwoworlds,weared
18、oingsoattheriskoffailingtohaveaclearunderstandingofthenatureandcausethe,welosethechancetoreallysolvethegraveenvironmentcrisis.Unit51.thenationalrejectionofdogmaticpreconceptionaboutthenatureofthesocialandeconomicorderTherearesuchprejudicesinanarrogantmanneraboutthecharacteristicofthesocialorderandec
19、onomicorderandtheytakeitforgranted,thecountryjustrejectedsuchprejudicecanonesuggestthatAmericanhavebeenconsistentlyimmunetotheideologicaltemptation-NoonecansaythatAmericanshaveneverbeentemptedbytheapproachofunderstanding,preservingortransformingtheworldaccordingtorigiddogmas3.andanyintellectsoshaped
20、wasboundtohavecertainvulnerabilitytosecularideologyeverafter-AmindinfluencedbyCalvinsttheologywouldsurelyfinditsomewhatdifficulttoresistotherideologicaltemptationstoideologicalthinkingisnomorewhollydevoidofabstractionthanideologyiswhollydevoidofexperience-Pragmatismisnotcompletelyfreefromabstractide
21、asjustasideologyisitsomewhatdifficulttoresistotherideologicaltemptationstoideologicalthinkinganideologist,however,Jeffersonistodayremoteafigurenotofpresentconcernbutofhistoricalcuriosity-Asamanfollowingafixedsetofbeliefs,Jeffersonisonlyaninterestinghistoricalbeliefsareoutofdateandareirrelevanttopres
22、ent-dayreality6.(andoften)whosecentraldogmaisconfidedtothecustodyofaninfalliblepriesthood-Theircentralbeliefsareimprisonedbythewholebodyofpriestswhoarealwayseffective7.wherefreemenmayfindpartialtruths,butwherenomortalmanwillevergetanabsolutegriponAbsoluteTruth-Inthisuniverseapersonwhosemindisconstra
23、inedmaybeabletodiscoverrelationtruthsbutnomanonearthcanclaimthathehasalreadygraspedtheoneandonlyTruth.ideologyisadrug,nomatterhowmuchitsexposedbyexperience,thecravingforitstillpersistIdeologyhasthecharacteristicofaspiteofthefactthatithasbeenprovedwrongmanytimesbyexperience,peoplestilllongtocommitthe
24、mselvestoideology9theonlycertaintyinanabsolutesystemisthecertaintyofabsoluteabuse-Theonlythingthatissureofadespoticsystemistheunrestrictedexerciseofpowerdistinctivehumantriumphliesinthecapacitytounderstandthefrailtyofhumanstrivingbuttostrivenonetheless-Themostoutstandingachievementofhumanityistheykn
25、owthatnomatterhowhardtheytry,theycantachieveAbsoluteTruth,yettheycontinuetomakegreateffortsandrefusetogiveupUnit7manholdsinhismortalhandsthepowertoabolishallformsofhumanpovertyandallformsofhumanlife-Asaresultoftechnologicaldevelopment,humanbeingsnowhavethepowertoputanendtopovertyandhumanmisery,butat
26、thesametimetheyalsopossessthepowertodestroythewholeworld,renderingituninhabitableandlifeless2.unwillingtowitnessorpermittheslowundoingofthosehumanrights-Wedonotwanttoseeortoallowtheslowdestructionofthosehumanrightsthosepeopleinthehutsandvilliagedofhalftheglobestrugglingtobreakthebondsofmassmisery,we
27、pledgeourbesteffortstohelpthemselves-Tothepeopleoftheunderdevelopedcountrieslivinginpovertyinruralareas,wearecommittedtohelpingthemtoridthemselvesofmasspovertybytheirowneffortsthispeacefulrevolutionofhopecantbecomethepreyofhostilepowers-ButweshouldntletanyCommunistpowertakeadvantageofthisalliancefor
28、progressinfluenceleteveryotherpowerknowthatthishemisphereintendstoremainthemasterofitsownhouse-WewanttomakecleartotheCommunistpowersthatAmericasareAmericasofthenotattempttopenetrateintothisarea6beforethedarkpowersofdestructionunleashedbyscienceengulfallhumanityinplannedoraccidentalself-destructionbe
29、foretheworldisdestroyedbyanuclearwarlaunchedinapreemptiveattackorcausedby7yetbothracingtoaltertheuncertainbalanceofterrorthatstaysthehandofmankindwartoexpanditsaccidentsfinal-Yetbothsidesattempttogetanedgeinthenucleararmsracesoastobreakthemutualdeterrencewhichhassofarpreventedtheoutbreakofanuclearwa
30、r8civilityisnotasignofweakness,andsincerityisalwayssubjecttoproof-TobereadytonegotiateandestablishfriendlyrelationsdoesntmeanthatweareweakorofsincereintentionhavetobetestedbyactionsbothsidesseektoinvokethewondersofscienceinsteadofitsterrorsLetthetwosidesusethefruitsofscienceforthebenefitofhumanityra
31、therthanusinghigh-techweaponstokillanddestroy10eachgenerationofAmericanshasbeensummonedtogivetestimonytoitsnationalloyalty-TherehavebeenoccasionsforeachgenerationofAmericanstobecalledupontofightanddiefortheircountryUnit10Goergymaycaperinbannersandinthespeechesofpoliticians,butitsJonhnBullwhodelivers
32、thegoods-AsSaintGoergyisahero,thepatronofarms,symbolizingchivalry,hisimageoftenappearsonbanners,andhisnameisoftenmentioninthespeechesofpoliticians.SaintGoergyisusedasasymbolicfigureofpoliticalpurpose.ButJonhnBullisatradesmanandhedeliversthegoodsweneedinourdailylifewhilemakingmoneyatthesametimeitsboa
33、rding-houses,itscompulsorygames,itssystemofprefectsandfagging,itsinsistenceongoodformandonespritdeproducesatypewhoseweightisoutofallproportiontoitsnumbers-TheEnglishpublicschoolshaveuniqueallboyslivinginboardinghouses,second,sportsandgamesareorganizedandcompulsoryaspartoftheschoolcurricular,third,ol
34、derstudentshavespecialdutiestohelpcontrolyoungerstudentswhilethelattermustdojobsfortheformer,lastly,greatemphasisisplacedongoodformandteamfeaturesenablethepublicschoolstudenttohavedisproportionatelygreatinfluencetheword“bankrupt”,Ispokeasamemberofaprudentmiddle-classnation,alwaysanxioustomeetmyliabi
35、lities-Payattentiontomyuseoftheword“bankrupt”,awordrelatedtobusiness.Thisrevealsmyidentityasamemberofcommercialnation,whowouldbecarefulandsensibleenoughtoavoidanyriskoffailingtopaytheirdebtsmyfriendspokeasanOriental,andtheOrientalhasbehindhimaofmiddle-classprudencebutofkinglymunificenceandsplendor-B
36、utmyfriendexpressedhisviewsasamemberoftheOrientalarenourishedbyatraditionofgreatgenerosityandrichness,whichisdifferentfromtheEnglishtraditionofmiddle-classprudenceloveinthisisdiffersfromgoldandtodivideisnottotakeaway-Inthisaspect,trueloveisdifferentfrommaterialthingssuchasclayorevengoldwhichcanbedividedandtaken,ifwesharetruelove,itwillneverdiminishwillnowdescendfromthatdizzyandsomewhatunfamiliarreturntomybusinessofnotetaking-Intheaboveanecdote,IhavebecomeaexampleofEnglishmenfortheputmeinahighpositionwhichmakemedizzyandisunfamiliartowillnowcomedownfromthat
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