英语数词的翻译课件

1、英语数词的翻译由于英汉两种语言在表达数字以及倍数增减方面存在一定的差别，翻译时应十分小心，稍有不慎，就可能出现错误。一、表示“不多不少” 、“恰恰正好”的翻译策略表示“不多不少” 、“恰恰正好”，英语一般用clear, cool, exactly, flat, sharp, whole等。如：The physician treated cool 30 patients that day.这位内科医生那天正好看了30个病人。The plane takes off at 8 oclock sharp.这架飞机8点整起飞。Professor Johnson finished the experime

2、nt in twenty-four hours flat.约翰教授完成这项实验正好用了24小时。The machine worked for ten whole days.这台机器整整运转了10天时间。The wire measures exact twenty meters.这条导线刚好20米长。The volume of the sun is about /some/around/round 1,300,000 times that of the earth.太阳的体积约为地球的130万倍。It is nearly/toward(s) 4 oclock.现在已经是将近4点了The pric

3、e of this new machine is in the neighborhood of/of the border of a thousand dollars.这台新机器的价格约1，000美元。三、表示“高于” 、“多于”的翻译方法英语常用more than, odd, over, above, long, past, or more, upwards of, higher than, exceed, in excess of等词修饰数字，表示“超过” 、“以上” 、“有余” 、“高于” 、“多于”等。Pig iron is an alloy of iron and carbon wi

4、th the carbon content more than two percent.生铁是铁炭合金，其中炭含量超过2Only when a rocket attains a speed of 18,000 odd miles per hour, can it put a man-made satellite into orbit.只要当火箭速度达到每小时18，000多英里时，才能把人造卫星送入轨道。Over/above/more than/not less than 100 chemical elements are known to man, of these about 80 are

5、metals.人类已知的化学元素有100种以上，其中有约80种是金属。Upwards of seven thousand medical workers and twenty thousand PLA men have left for the earthquake district.有七千多名医务人员和两万多名解放军前往震区。四、表示“少于” 、“差一些” 、“不到”等的翻译英语常用less, less than, below, no more than, under, short of, off, to within, as few as等词修饰数字，表示“少于” 、“一下” 、“不到”等

6、。It took one month less than three years for them to develop the new material.他们花了三年差一个月研制这种新材料。Helium in the air is a little under 1%.空气中氦的含量略低于1。The efficiency of the best of these engines is under/below/no more than 40%.这些发动机中效率最好的也不到40。They covered full twenty reference sources on fluidics in a

7、single day.仅仅用了一天时间，他们就看完了足足20种有关射流的资料。The motor ran 450 solid days on end.马达连续运转了足足450天。The experiment will take three months, at least.实验至少需要三个月时间。The temperature at the suns center is as high as 10,000,000.太阳中心的温度高达摄氏1，000万度There were no less than 3,000 dead and wounded in the 911 terrorist attac

8、k.在911恐怖袭击中，死伤者达3，000多人。六、形容数目小、数量少时的翻译英语中常用only, merely, barely, scarcely, but, at most, no more than, scant等词修饰数字，强调数目小、数量少。There is at most only room for one person.至多只可以容纳一个人的空间。That solar-energy car weighs only/merely/barely/scarcely/but 500 kg.那辆太阳能汽车重量仅有500公斤。Inspection time for the installat

9、ion was no more than 2 hours.检验安装工作仅用了两个小时。七、表示两者或多者范围数量的翻译表示两者常用fromto, between and (to)来修饰数字，表示范围，它们通常可翻译为“从到”、“在之间”等。The energy of the fuel wasted by the reciprocating steam engine is between 80 and/to 85 percent.往复式蒸汽机浪费的燃料能量为80到85。The ladle refining time takes on average between 3 and 4 hours d

10、epending on the treatment required.桶内精炼时间平均为3至4小时，这要视所需要的处理量而定。Ten thousandOne hundred thousandTen millionOne hundred millionOne billionTen billionOne hundred billionOne trillion一万十万一千万亿十亿（美语）百亿千亿万亿美、法、加拿大 billion 10亿 1，000，000,000 trillion 万亿，兆1,000,000,000,000（12个0）英、德 billion 万亿 1,000,000,000,000

11、 trillion 百万兆（1 followed by 18 zeros) = quintillion九、英语中表示倍数的翻译英语中表示倍数的翻译，有两点应引起注意：一是英汉倍数的表达法；二是英汉两种语言的单位表达法。Be n times as +形容词（或副词）+asThis substance reacts three times as fast as the other.该物质的反应速度是那种物质反应速度的3倍.(或:该物质的反应速度比那种物质的反应速度快2倍.)Be n times+比较级+thanThis line is two times longer than that one.

12、这条线的长度是那条线长度的2倍.(或:这条线比那条线长1倍.)Be+比较级+than+名词+by n timesMercury weighs more than water by about 14 times.水银的重量约为水的14倍.(或:水银比水重13倍.)Be +比较级+by a factor of nThe error probability of binary AM is greater than binary FM by a factor of at least 6.二进制调幅的误差概率比二进制调频至少大5倍.(或:二进制调幅的误差概率至少是二进制调频的6倍.)(二)在系动词或行为

13、动词后接 “as+形容词或副词+again as”或接 “again as+形容词或副词+as”这些搭配通常可翻译为是.的两倍,比多一倍.另外需注意,如果again前再加half,则表示比大(长、宽)半倍.例如:This wire is as long again as that one.这根金属线的长度是那根的2倍.(或:这根金属线比那根长1倍.)As many/much again (as)(比)可译为“多一倍”:Professor Li has books as many again as I do.李教授的书比我的书多一倍.This wire is half again as long

14、 as that one.这根金属线的长度是那根金属线的1倍半.(或:这根金属线比那根金属线长半倍.)Brown has half as many books again as Peter does.布朗的书比彼得的书多1/2.(三)用带有“增大”意思的动词(increase, rise, grow, go up)和下列包含有数词n(表示数字、百分数或倍数)的词语相配合具体表达方式有: “动词+n times”, “动词+by+times”, “动词+to+n times”, “动词+n-fold”, “动词+by a factor of+n”等,可译为增加到倍,增加了倍.The sales

15、of industrial electronic products have multiplied six times.工业电子产品销售额增加了5倍.The strength of the attraction increases by four times if the distance between the original charges is behalved.如果原电荷的距离缩短一半,则引力就增大到原来的4倍.(或:如果原电荷的距离缩短一半,则引力比原来大3倍.)By 2004 the production of primary copper has increased fivef

16、old.到2004年,原铜产量增长了4倍.The drain voltage has been increased by a factor of 4.漏电压增加了3倍.(四)用带有“增大”意思的动词(increase, rise, grow, go up)连接 “(by)n+单位(或n%),表示净含量,数词可照译The output went up 45,000 tons.产量增加了45,000吨.The production has increased by 45%.生产已增加了45%.Automation will help us to raise the output of produc

17、tion by thirty percent.自动化能帮助我们提高产量30%.Industrial output rose by 0.9%.6月份产量增长了0.9%.(五)用表示倍数的动词表示量的增加DoubleTrebleQuadrupleQuintupleSextupleSeptupleOctuple是的2倍;增加1倍或翻一番是的3倍;增加两倍或增加到3倍是的4倍;增加3倍或翻两番是的5倍;增加至5倍或增加了4倍使成6倍使成7倍使成为8倍The new airport will double the capacity of the existing one.新机场是现有机场容量的2倍.Th

18、e population has nearly trebled in forty years.人口在40年中已增加了近2倍.The company quadrupled output to around 20 million tons.该公司把产量增至2,000万吨左右,是原来的4倍.The output has been quintupled since 1998.1988年以来,产量已增长了4倍.(六)英语中用an increase of n或a n increase of表示净增的数量,n可照译The output is an increase of 4.5 million tons of steel as compared with last year.钢产量比去年增加了450万吨.There is a 25% increase of steel compared with last year.钢产量比去年增加了25%.十、英语中表示减少(倍)数的翻译(一)用表示“减少”的动词(decrease, reduce, fall, lower等)连接“by n或n%”,表示净减量;用系动词连接 “n less(than)”表示净减量,所减数字均可照译180 decreased by 90 is 90.180减