考研英语阅读理解B节(新题型)分类精讲社会伦理类分类模拟(二)

1、考研英语阅读理解B节（新题型）分类精讲社会伦理类分类模拟（二）Reading ComprehensionDirections:You are going to read a list of subheadings and a text about ways to improve interview technique. Choose the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each numbered paragraph (1-5). The first and last paragraphs of the text are not

2、numbered. There are two extra subheadings which you do not need to use.Make sure all your strengths are shownA positive outlook is crucialFocus more on delivery rather than giving unprepared repliesListen less, speak moreJust checking out a company website is not enoughReview and follow upIts not a

3、solo performance: aim for a warm dialogueBecoming an exceptional candidate is something you can do; its just that most people dont take the trouble. In my experience, most interviews dont go that well. The truth is that many recruiters are actually not particularly good at interviewing either nor pa

4、rticularly effective. So, if you prepare properly and are a good interviewee, the odds can be stacked in your favor.Its not just a question of researching the organization. You need to understand your interviewer and why they are hiring. One way or another they are seeking a resource as a solution t

5、o an identified problem. So work on understanding the organizational need and how you can add value. Look at the challenges and opportunities they face and work out how to show that your experience and expertise are relevant. Use your network to gather all the intelligence you can.Rehearse your pres

6、entation. I dont necessarily mean being word perfect. Im talking about what you say when anyone asks you what you do, why you left, what you have achieved and so on. Can you talk about yourself comfortably, with confidence, concisely with clarity? Practice so that you have the right words, dont get

7、flustered, talk at the right pace and, crucially, know when to stop. Remember the need for consistency between words and body language.People trained in interview techniques are told to use the 70/30 rule. That is to say the interviewer aims to talk for about 30% of the time allotted and the candida

8、te talks 70% of the time, in response. The smart candidate actually wants a 50/50 dialogue. You should aim for a conversation, directed along the lines you prefer一whereby you can play to your strengths. The interviewer can only go with what you give them. Make it easy for the interviewer by saying H

9、ave I told you all you need to know on that subject? Can I give you more detail? Build rapport, find some common ground. But remember its not a monologue; you are both actors in the interview.Henry Ford famously said If you think you can do a thing or think you cant do a thing, youre right. Youre mo

10、tivated; youve done the prep and have the drive to succeed so visualize success. Whether you call it confidence, self-esteem or self-belief, to shine at interview you need to show that you will make a good employee. Show that you are good at interacting and reading your situation, good at selling yo

11、urself and your ideas. Practicing your interview technique will make it so much easier to shine. Theres no need to be nervous if you believe you are a good candidate for the role.After the interview send a letter. Thank them for seeing you. Reiterate how interested you are in them and the role. Revi

12、ew the key points of the interview when you discussed challenges and opportunities and outline how you can help them meet those.No guarantees but if you work at it youll become a better interviewee and give yourself an advantage in a tough economic climate.1.答案：E解答首句指出,这不仅仅是研究该机构的问题。该句实际上是对标题E项的同义转换

13、,其中not just a question of 对应 Just.is not enough; researching the organization对应checking out a company websiteo后文中第二至四句进一步介绍面试前需要了解的信息：面试官、该公司的招聘目的和需求 以及他们面临的机遇和挑战。这从侧面也反映了E项所说的“仅了解一个公司的网站是不够的,因此E 项正确。2.答案：C解答该段首先提出建议：要提前练习面试内容,包括对你的职业、离职原因以及你的成就等一系列 问题的回答。然后分析这样做的好处：通过练习,你就能找到合适的词汇,不会慌乱,会以适当的语 速谈论,并

14、知道何时该停下来。C项(重点关注你的谈话方式而非做出临场回答)是对该内容的高度概 括,作者提议我们在面试之前要不断练习谈话方式而不是临场发挥。3.答案：G解答该部分前三句指出,求职者讲话的时间不宜过长,而是应该与面试官基本持平。倒数第二句又 指出,求职者应设法建立友好氛围,找到自己与面试官的共同点。末句总结指出,面试不是独角戏, 双方都是参与者。G项前半句Its not a solo performance对应末句its not a monologue ；后半句aim for a warm dialogue 是对倒数第二句 Build rapport, find some common gro

15、und 的转换。故 G 项正确。4.答案：B解答该部分首先引用了福特的名言：如果你认为你能做某件事情或不能,那么你是对的。第三、四 句指出,要想在面试中脱颖而出,你需要说明自己能做一位好员工,说明自己擅长交流互动,能够随 机应变,擅长推销自己和自己的观点。末句又总结指出,如果你相信自己是某个职位的合适人选,那 就不必紧张。本段字里行间透露出自信乐观在求职面试中的重要性,B项是对这一内容的高度概括。A项有干扰,但该选项偏离了段落主旨。本段主要介绍如何以乐观、积极、自信的态度迎接面试,而 非如何全面展现自身优势。5.答案：F解答该部分前三句介绍面试结束后要发一份信件过去,感谢他们给你面试机会,再次

16、表达你对他们 及该职位的兴趣。这就是F项所说的面试后的追踪(follow up)。末句又指出,信件中要回顾你在面试中 阐述的重点内容。这就是F项中的回顾(review)。由此可见F项是对该部分内容的概括。You may have to impress the company HR representatives as well. HR reps are typically trained to ask very specific and personal questions, like what salary you expect and what youve made in the past

17、.They might ask you about your impressions of the company and the people who interviewed you. They might also ask if you have other offers. If so, chances are good that they are willing to compete for you. But if you say that you have other offers, be prepared to back it up with the WHO, WHAT and WH

18、EN, because they might challenge you. The HR reps are also the people who will conduct or arrange reference and background checks. They might have the final say.Besides management, you might also interview with one or more of your future coworkers. Regardless of the questions they ask, what they mos

19、t really want to know is how well youll fit into the team, if youll cause them more work instead of less, and if they should feel threatened by you. When answering, be eager enough to show that you are a good team player and will pull your load, but not so eager as to appear to be a back-stabbing la

20、dder climber!Always research a company before you interview, and remember that attire, body language and manners count, big time. Try to avoid common mistakes. You may think that this is common sense, but crazy stuff really happens!Job interviewing is one of the most popular career topics on the Web

21、. But no career advisor can tell you exactly what to say during a job interview. Interviews are just too up-close and personal for that. About the best that career advisors can do, is to give you some tips about the typical questions to expect, so you can practice answering them ahead of time. But,

22、while there are many canned interview questions, there are few canned answers. The rest is up to you.Be prepared to attend a second interview at the same company, and maybe even a third or fourth. If youre called back for more interviews, it means that theyre interested in you. But, it doesnt mean y

23、oure a shoo-in. Most likely, they are narrowing the competition, so keep up the good work!To put you somewhat at ease, many interviewers really dont know how to interview effectively. Frontline interviewers are typically managers and supervisors who have never been or are barely trained in interview

24、ing techniques. Theyre a little nervous too, just like you. Some dont even prepare in advance. This makes it easier for you to take control of the interview, if you have prepared. But in controlling an interview, its not a good idea to try to dominate. Instead, try to steer it toward landing the job

25、.After interviewing, immediately send a thank you letter to each of your interviewers. Its professional and expected, and might even be the deciding factor in your favor.Remember, its a two-way street. Its the employers chance to judge you, but its also very much your chance to judge the employer. I

26、n fact, if you handle yourself well and ask the right questions, youll put the interviewer in the position of selling the company to you. If this happens, youre probably doing well.Order:L 2. | 一| 3. f 囚 t叵|f叵口区口-回6.答案：D解答文章已给出位置的A项出现在文章中部,通过阅读得出该段是关于面试中的问题。给出的段落 C项是关于面试前的准备。给出了段落G项是在文章的最后,通过阅读得出是面试

27、之后的事项。这三 段的内容里隐含了时间顺序逻辑关系,即：面试前面试中面试后。通过阅读所有段落得出D 项是面试前的。D项一开始就提出了全文讨论的对象“求职面试Qob interviewing),先从面试前的准备 工作谈起,指出就业顾问只能给出有限的建议,接着引出全文的主旨：更多的工作需要求职者自己完 成。言外之意,下面的内容围绕求职者面试需要注意的问题而展开论述。因此D项最适合作首段。7.答案：F解答A项首句出现了特征词as well(也、又、同样),表并列补充关系。此外,A项末句出现了另外一 个特征词have the final say,说明人事部门的代表在面试中具有最后的发言权,因此他们是面

28、试者最 后要过的一关。因此B . F应放在A项前。B项和F项都是关于面试过程中的；但是在B项段首出现了特 征词besides,它是表示递进关系的逻辑词。因此,B项并不适合放在首段之后,F项主要论述了由于 面试考官几乎没受过面试技巧的训练或准备不充分,求职者应该在面试中掌握主动权,因此F项适合 作第二段。8.答案：B解答B项和F项都是关于面试过程中的；B项中的management和上文F段提到了经理和主管 (managers and supervisors)的内容相关,并且和F项内容处于同等、并列的地位,可能说明一个话题 的不同方面。B项段首出现了特征词。Besides,它是表示递进关系的逻辑词

29、。更印证了B项和F项是说 明一个话题的不同方面。B项主要介绍了在和未来同事面谈时应该注意的问题。因此,B项适合放在F 项的后面,主要论述了求职者在和未来同事面谈时要显示出自己是一个有团队精神的人,因此确定了B项在文章中的位置。9.答案：H解答依据面试进程将其划分为三部分：A、B、F项是关于面试过程中的；C. D项是面试前的；E、 G项是面试之后的：只有H项不明显,它介绍的是面试的性质。该段没有提出主旨句,而更像是一种 补充说明。H项中进一步的指出了面试不仅是雇主（通过面试者的着装和言行举止）评判求职者的机会, 也是求职者了解公司的机会。而前一段C项讲面试前应调查公司、注意行为举止等,因此结合起

30、来推 断,H项应该放在C项的后面。因此确定了H项的位置。10.答案：E解答E项主要论述了准备参加同一家公司的多轮面试。文章的阅读时间逻辑顺序：面试前面试 中一一面试后。通过阅读全文,得出E项和G项都是面试之后的；G项的位置已经给出了,只剩下E项 了,放在G项之前。因此确定了 E项的位置。For a society to exist, it must have a system of leadership. Some people will have to have power over others. As Max Weber pointed out, however, people can

31、perceive power as legitimate or illegitimate. Weber used the term authority to refer to legitimate power that is, power that people accept as right. In contrast, illegitimate power, coercion, is power that people do not accept as just.Custom and authorityThroughout the worlds history, the most commo

32、n form of authority has been traditional.Traditional authority, which is based on custom, is the hallmark of preliterate groups. In these societies, custom dictates basic relationships.Traditional gender differenceGender relations in preliterate groups are also based on traditional authority. The di

33、visions between men and women are based on the past, with custom determining that a gulf should be maintained between them. Custom also dictates the specifics of their relationships.Change of traditionWhen traditional society changes, traditional authority is undermined.Tradition in modern societyEv

34、en in industrial and postindustrial societies, however, traditional authority never totally dies out.Challenges to traditionThis traditional authority, unquestioned in most places in the world, has not gone completely challenged, however. Just as for the widow of Spain and Portugal, matters are no l

35、onger as clear-cut as they once were, and some Western societies debate the right of parents to hit their kids.Although the images that come to mind when we think of power are those of government 一kings, queens, coups, dictatorships, running for office, votingtraditional authority, in the sense of p

36、ower relations, is also an inevitable part of everyday life.In a democracy, for example, the presidents authority comes from the office, as specified in the written constitution, not from his or her reputation or personal characteristics.A good case in point is Sweden: it has even passed laws that f

37、orbid spanking, and Sweden authorities arrest parents who lay a hand on their children.For example, in small villages in southern Spain and in a large part of Portugal, widows are expected to wear only black until they remarry一which generally means that they wear black for the rest of their lives. T

38、he force of a tradition is so strong that if a widow were to violate the dress code, she would create a scandal.Parental authority provides an excellent example. Parents exercise authority over their children because they have always had such authority. From generations past, we inherit the idea tha

39、t parents are not only responsible for providing their children with food, shelter, and discipline, but also that they have the right to choose their childrens doctors and schools, and teach them religion and morality.For example, because of birth a particular individual becomes the chief, king, or

40、queen. As far as members of that society are concerned, this is the right way to determine a ruler because that is the way it has always been done.As a society industrializes, for example, new perspectives on life open up, and no longer does traditional authority go unchallenged. Thus, in contempora

41、ry southern Spain and parts of Portugal, you can see old women dressed in black from head to toe, and you immediately know their marital status. Younger widows, however, are likely to be indistinguishable from other women.11.答案：E解答本段主题是权威与习俗之间的关系。E项中的例子说明有些人的权威是传统认可的,是血统决 定。例文中统治者代表的就是权威,而that is th

42、e way it has always been done说的也就是一代代流传 下来的习俗。应选E项。12.答案：C解答本段主题是传统决定不同性别角色和性别关系。C项的例子具体说明了传统对寡居女人的要求, 她们只能穿着黑色的服装,这就是传统习俗对于一个女性角色的束缚和压制。13.答案：F解答本段主题是社会变化使传统权威受到挑战。F项的例子第一句说的就是随着社会的变化,传统 权威已经遭到了挑战,而第二句再次提到西班牙和葡萄牙地区的习俗如何在年轻寡妇身上发生了变化, 这就是社会变化瓦解传统权威的最好的例证。14.答案：D解答本段主题是现代社会中遗存的权威形式。D项例子说明家长权威就是传统权威遗存的

43、一个代表。 后面继续提出即使随着时代的变迁,家长对孩子的权威继续发挥着作用。15.答案：B解答本段主题是承接上一段谈现代社会对传统权威的挑战,特别提到了父母能不能打孩子的问题, B项的例子则是提到了瑞典禁止打孩子的法律。P. Snow once said: A sense of the future is behind all good policies. Unless we have it, we can give nothing either wise or decent to the world. Thinking carefully about an outcome is an int

44、elligent first step in many processes, especially when the stakes are high, possibly even dangerous. Do you have any experience in getting out of hazardous situations? In the most exceptional circumstances, a few good rules of thumb may save you. Here are five things to keep in mind.Stay calmIf a ca

45、tastrophe threatens your life, panic will only make matters worse. Nothing but calmness can help you adequately take stock of the situation and take appropriate measures.Remain confidentDesperation can paralyze you or sap your energy, while confidence is the key to saving yourself.Help each otherYou

46、 should organize for mutual assistance in case of an earthquake, flood, fire, etc. People working together can always cope more successfully with any adverse situation. Solidarity means strength; solidarity means victory.Be obedient to superiorsThe best strategy when facing a catastrophe is to obey

47、commands and keep order. More often than not, leaders are experts, or someone familiar with the situation or with rich experience. Being too individualistic and going your own way will usually make the situation worse for you and others. So, the best thing to do is to listen; to authorities and rema

48、in orderly.CommunicateWhen in danger it is best to seek help immediately so those with more resources can come to your aid. If you are at risk, use whatever means available as soon as possible to contact others for help, and take efforts to maintain communication once it is established.While every c

49、atastrophe is different in its own way, all can be met and hopefully overcome with the above-mentioned pieces of advice. By carefully considering what needs to be done, even under the worst of situations, one can find solutions, or endure until aided by others.A person trapped in ruins in an earthqu

50、ake, didnt lose hope. The victim overcame his pain and despair, and kept banging out signals on the fallen wall around him for help. Because of his efforts, a rescue team was able to find him and save his life.For example, if numerous people are involved in a dangerous situation, some, out of fear o

51、r inclination, may not follow direction or heed sound advice. As a result of the disorder, rescue efforts are hindered, or worse more casualties are incurred.Nine fishermen from Peru were hit by a severe storm, but they didnt panic even though their boat was damaged so badly that they couldnt sail h

52、ome. They maintained faith that they would surely to be saved, and their belief gave them strength. When there is hope, there is a way! They survived at sea for 40 days before they were finally rescued. Their story is a good sample for future people lost at sea. It is best to remember the proverb: G

53、od helps those who help themselves.History shows that when people are in danger mutual assistance promotes confidence, and reassuring others not only helps them, but can calm you as well. Helping others is beneficial, especially in the direst circumstances. During the Sept. 11 attacks in America, pe

54、ople pulled together and supported each other. This not only reduced casualties, but also left a deep impression on people around world. Remember, helping others is helping yourself!The Apollo 13 space mission suffered catastrophic mechanical problems en route to the Moon. Its malfunction was caused

55、 by an explosion and rupture of oxygen tank No. 2 in the service module. The NASA Mission Control Center immediately issued two orders. The second order was concerning navigation. But, can you guess what the first order was? Unbelievably, the astronauts were told to take two tranquillizer pills each

56、! As a result, calmness helped the astronauts overcome a series of difficulties and return to earth. Calmness can work miracles in times of emergency.The best way to prevent a catastrophe from happening is planning ahead. You should often check your circuits, stoves, electrical appliances and gas pi

57、pelines. Before sleeping in a hotel, you should be aware of the nearest exit in case of an emergency. Preparation averts peril.16.答案：E解答本段的中心意思是“保持镇定。B项、C项、D项中都提到了慌乱,看似与镇定相关,但它们都 有各自的前提。B项中讲的是因为恐慌而不服从指挥,强调不服从指挥所带来的后果：C项主要是说, 只要保持信心,就能保持镇定；而D项说的是互相帮助的效果之一是镇定。在此三项中,恐慌和镇定 都不是主要谈论的对象,只有E项的主题是镇静的作用和效果,故此

58、题选E项。17.答案：C解答本段的中心意思是“保持信心。A项中提到了遇险者一直保持着希望和信心,但其脱险的主要 途径是坚持敲击墙壁,这其实是在讲联系的作用,不是讲信心。C项反复强调了信心在脱险中起到的 作用,故应选C项。18.答案：D解答本段的中心意思是“互帮互助,C项中谈到9个渔民获救的例子,这9个人虽然是个集体,但作 者强调的并不是他们彼此之间的协调和互助,而是保持信心的作用,所以与本段主旨不吻合。D项以 “9-11事件为例,重点强调了互相帮助的作用和效果,互助的效果大于其他因素,故此题选D项。答案：B解答本段的中心意思是要“服从上级,虽然E项中飞船宇航员获救的因素中包括服从控制中心的指

59、令,但该项强调的主要是镇定的作用。只有B项把不服从命令作为救援受阻和受伤人数增加的主要原 因,从反面论证服从命令的重要性,故B项正确。20.答案：A解答本段的中心意思是要“保持联系。E项中也提到了“阿波罗13号与控制中心的联系,并且在控制 中心的指导下逃生成功,但该例证主要讲的是镇定的作用,而且提到的联系也是与此有关的,而A项 着重强调发出信息、建立联系的重要性,故此题选A项。Analyzing your own tasteBeing cautious when experimentingFinding a model to followGetting the final look absol

60、utely rightLearning to be realisticMaking regular conscious choicesWhen we meet people for the first time, we often make decisions about them based entirely on how they look. And, of course its something that works both ways, for we too are being judged on our appearance. When we look good, we feel