人教版八年级英语上时态讲义及练习

1、时态一般现在时，-s但第三人称单数后要加词尾一般现在时主要用动词原形表示，动词变化：有特殊的人称形式。have和be另外时要注意：-s在加词尾意：-s在加词尾例词加法情况reads,writes,says-s加一般情况guesses,washes,teaches,-es加收尾的o或ch,sh,s,x,以fixes,goes词y变”结尾的+y以“辅音字母triestry-es再加i为carriescarry词:二一般现在时表示,表示现在的状态:Hestwelve.例如everyalways,sometimes,usually,often,常与,表示经常性的或习惯性的动作:Igotoschoole

2、veryday.例如.等表示经常性的或习惯性的时间状语连用day:Shelikesapple.例如，表示主语具备的性格和能力(3)Twoandfourmakessix.)表示客观、普遍的真理。4(句型三主语:肯定句结构1.表语/宾语+行为动词/动词+be:行为动词(1)I,you,we,they,theboys主语为第一、二人称、复数人称时(a.动词+，主语)宾语。+原形Theygotoschooleveryday.宾语。s/es+动词+，主语(it,he,she,Lily)主语为第三人称单数时b.Lilyoftenlikessinging.表语。+系动词+主语(be):系动词(2)IamHe

3、/She/ItisThey/We/Youare表语/宾语+行为动词/动词+be主语:否定句结构2.:行为动词(1)动词原形。dont+复数人称时，主语，主语为第一、二人称a.Theydontgotoschooleveryday.动词原形。doesnt+主语为第三人称单数时，主语b.一般疑问句Lilydoesntlikesinging.表语not+后加+is/am/are主语(be):系动词(2)Iamnotaworker.一般疑问句结构3.)行为动词1(动词原形Do+they/we/you+复数人称时，,主语为第一、二人称a.)Yes,theydo.No,theydont.(Dotheygot

4、oschooleveryday?Does+he/she/iIt+主语为第三人称单数时，b.动词原形DoesLilyoftenlikesinging?(Yes,shedoes.No,shedoesnt.)表语+主语(be):is/am/are+系动词2)(mnot.)Areyouaworker?(Yes,Iam.No,I特殊疑问句结构4.一般疑问句？+)what,howoften,which,where,who特殊疑问词()行为动词1(Whatdotheydoeveryday?HowoftendoesPetergofishing?(be):系动词2)(Whoisthegirlatthatgate

5、?一般过去时在句中由主语动词的一般过去时主要表示过去的动作或状态，动词变化：一过去式来表达。过去式原形构成规则workedwork-ed一般在动词末尾加plantedplantplayedplaylikedlike的动词在末尾加e结尾是livedlive-dchangedchangeplanned（计划）plan末尾只有一个辅音字母的stoppedstop重读闭音节词，先双写这-ed个辅音字母，再加droppeddropcarriedcarry结尾的，y以辅音字母加studiedstudy-ed再加i为y先变criedcry:二一般过去时表示yesterday,last,ago,常与表示过去某

6、个时间发生的动作或存在的状态）1（thisyouhaveforbreakfastdidWhat等表示过去状态的时间状语连用，如in1990morning?）表示过去某一段时间内经常或反复发生的动作，这时常和表示频度的状语2(Lasttermweoftendidexperiments.连用，如三句型:肯定句结构1.+主语:行为动词(1)动词的过去式Thetwinswenttoschooltwohoursago.They/We/You+wereI/He/She/It+was(be):系动词(2)Iwasathomelastnight.:否定句结构2.动词原形+didnt+主语:行为动词(1)The

7、twinsdidntgotoschooltwohoursago.t/weren+wasn主语(be):系动词(2)表语。t+Iwasntathomelastnight.:一般疑问句结构3.?动词原形+主语：Did+行为动词(1)Didthetwinsgotoschooltwohoursago?(Yes,theydid.No,theydidnt.)?表语+主语(be):was/were+系动词（2）Wereyouathomelastnight?（Yes,Iwas.No,Iwast.）特殊疑问句结构4.一般疑问句？+）what,howoften,which,where,who特殊疑问词（频率副词常

8、放在行为动词之前，通常用于一般现在时或一般过去时,：频度副词系动词、情态动词或助动词之后。常见的频度副词有：1.（常常经often、（通常）usually、（总是，一直）always每everyday（、）几乎从不hardlyever（、（从不）never、i（有时候）sometimes、常）。）天频度副词的位：2.放在系动词、助动词或情态动词后面。a.i大卫上学经常迟到。arriveslateforschool.oftenDavidis放在行为动词前。b.去上学。10：7我们每天经常在gotoschoolat7:10everyday.usuallyWe可放在句首或句尾,用来表示强调。c.so

9、metimes可放在句首或句尾,用来表示强调。c.sometimes有时我步行回家,Iwalkhome,andsometimesIridesabike.Sometimes有时我骑自行车。everyday与3.everyday。如：作状语,译为“每一天”a.everyday去上学。10：7我们每天Wegotoschoolat7:10everyday.我决定每天读英语。IdecidetoreadEnglisheveryday.。作定语，译为“日常的”beveryday她晚饭后在电视上看日ShewatcheseverydayEnglishonTVafterdinner.常英语。你的日常活动是什么？W

10、hatsyoureverydayactivity?练习1.Howoftenyourfather(drink)wine?2.Hismother(come)toseehimonceaweek.3.Hersister(notstay)athomeonSundays.4.Where(be)youlastnight?)划线部分提问5.Sheexerciseseveryday.(she?)改为否定句6.Jimalwaysdoeshishomeworkafterschool.(Jimhishomeworkafterschool.)完成反意疑问句7.Henevergoesfishing,?()go(8.Het

11、otheparkeveryday.China?)like(9.LucyandLilytodrinkorangesoda.)notlike(10.LiLeihislunchathome?)have(ngsfather11.LiMiachancetowin.)have(12.Everybody13.youmakethiscakelastnight?Yes.Idid.14.DidTomhomeatfiveyesterday?No,he.Hecamehomeatsix.15.Whatyouatthestore?Iboughtacamera.16.Wereyouathomeyesterday?Yes,I

12、.17.Wheredidyoucatchthefish?Iitintherivernearmyhouse.athisdoor,hewascooking.)knock(18.WhenIlateforschoolyesterday.)am,are,was,were(19.TomandI20.IfyouwanttoimproveyourspokenEnglish,youmustspeakmoreEnglish.B.everyday;everyday;A.everyday;everyday;现在进行时的规则-ing+动词现在分词”构成。加am/is/are一动词变化：现在进行时由“由“如下：。-ing

13、）一般在动词原形末尾加1doingdostayingstaysufferingsufferlisteninglistenspendingspendworkingworklookinglookworklookinglook结尾的动词，先去掉e）以不发音的字母2（。-ing，再加etakingtakemakingmakeridingridegivinggiverefusingrefusepleasingpleaseoperatingoperateclosingclose。-ing)以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词，先双写这个辅音字母，再加3（puttingputsittingsitwinningw

14、inrunningrunbeginningbegin二现在进行时表示：也可以和这时可以不用时间状语，表示说话时正在进行或发生的动作，）1（now,listen,（看）look等时间状语连用。有时用一个动词，如atpresent,atthemoment。（听）Whatareyoureadingnow?Listen!Someoneissingingintheclassroom.）表示当前一段时期的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。2（Theyareworkinginafactoryreadingnow?thesedays.Moreandmorepeoplearegivingupsmoking.）表示最近

15、按计划或安排要进行的动作。3（即可以用来现在进行时有时可表示一个在最近按计划或安排要进行的动作，代替将来时。Whenareyouleaving?AreyougoingtoTibettomorrow?三句型ing-动词+is/am/are+主语：肯定句结构1.:Theboysareplayingfootballnow.例如not后加is/am/are在:否定句结构2.:Theboysarentplayingfootballnow.例如.提在主语前is/am/are把:一般疑问句结构3.allnow?（Yes,theyare.No,theyarent.）:Aretheboysplayingfoot

16、b例如一般疑问句+特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词4.过去进行时在过去进行时是表示过去某个具体时刻正在进行的事情或动作，动词变化：一.现在分词）来表达。was/were+doing（句中由:二一般过去时表示）过去进行时表示过去某段时间内持续进行的动作或者事情。常用的时间状1（thismorning,then,lastnight,atthattime,thewholemorning,alldayyesterday,语WewerewatchingTVfromseventoninelastnight。女口when,while）过去进行时可以表示在过去某个时间点发生的事情。时间点可以用介词短2（Whatwass

17、hedoingatnineoclockyesterday?语、副词或从句来表示。如：）在复合句中，如果主要动作和背景动作都是延续的或同时发生的，那么主3（Whilehewaswaitingforthebus,hewas从句的动词都可用过去进行时。如：readinganewspaper.go,come,start,leave,stay,arrive限于用从过去某一时间看将要发生的动作，）4（HewasleavingthefirstweekinMayandstayinguntilJuly.等非延续性动词。如：Hewasalways等连用表喜爱，讨厌等感情色彩。如always,often,usual

18、ly与(5)Changinghismind.agree,be,believe,belong,care,forget,be,believe,belong,care,forget,通常不能用于过去进行时的动词主要有：(6),hear,know,like,love,mean,mind,notice,own,remember,seem,拥有hate,have(等。例如：suppose,understand,want,wishIwasknowingtheanswer.误：我知道答案。Iknewtheanswer.正：Iwasntunderstandinghim.误：Ididntunderstandhim

19、.正：我不明白他的意思。)用过去进行时表示语气委婉、客气，并不表示过去的时间。如：7（我不知你能否让我搭一下车。Iwaswonderingifyoucouldgivemealift.表示(when,doing只接while连接(while)用8(,did或doing可以接when)did,时间短，用doing后动作时间长，用whenMymotherwascookingwhileIwasdoingmyhomework.Iwasdoingmyhomeworkwhenmymothercamein.三句型-ing动词+was/were+主语:肯定句结构1.-ing动词t+t/weren+wasn主语:

20、否定句结构2.-ing.动词+主语：Was/Were+般疑问句结构3.+特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词4.特殊疑问词4.一般疑问句练习1.I(telephone)afriendwhenBob(come)in2.Itwasquitelateatnight.George(read)andAmy(ply)herneedlewhenthey(hear)aknockatthedoor.3.Thestudents(sing)and(dance)happilyontheplaygroundatthattime.4.I(know)you(wait)formehere.5.She(make)herdressthewho

21、leafternoon.6.Inaletter,johntoldusthathe(come)tochinanextmonth.7.HeaskedmeifI(go)fishingthatafternoon.8.-they(have)ameetingat4yesterdayafternoon?-No,they.They(clean)theclassroom.Hesaidhetodrawaplaneontheblackboardatthattime.9.9.d.willtryc.wastryingb.trieda.tries10.WhilesheTV,sheasoundoutsidetheroom.

22、b.watched,washearinga.waswatching,washearingd.waswatching,heardc.watched,heard11.WhatbookyouwhenIyouatfouryesterdayafternoon?b.did,read,sawa.did,read,wasseeingd.were,reading,wasseeingc.were,reading,sawWeforTomattenlastSunday.Heoftenkeptus.12.d.waited,c.waited,waitingb.werewaiting,waita.werewaiting,w

23、aitingwait13.Thistimeyesterdayjackhisbike.HeTVb.wasrepairing,watcheda.repaired,didntwatchd.wasrepairing,wasntwatchingc.repaired,watched过去进行时与一般过去时的区别进行时表示动作在持续或未完成，一般时表示某一动作已经完成。1.)不一定读完Iwasreadingthebookatthattime.()已读完Ireadthebookyesterday.(、一般过去时表示只做一次动作，而过去进行时表示动作反复进行，与持续时2间状语连用。Itwasrainingalln

24、ight.短暂动词与持续时间连用，表Hewaswritingaletterthewholeofafternoon.()反复、连续发生，不可用一般过去时时间状语从句中用短暂动词时，只能用进行时。while、3Hebrokeachairwhilehewasjumpingupanddown.所在主从句动作大致持续相等时，主从句一般都用进行时；但若是持While、4延续动作短暂动作用一般时，两个动作一长一短时，续动词可都用一般过去时；用进行时。)平行Iwascookingthedinnerwhilehewasplayingthepiano.(Icookedthedinnerwhileheplayedt

25、hepiano.IsawhimwhileIwaswalkingtothestation.5.进行时态只用于表示显然是连续不断的动作。如果把动作分割开，或者说出其发生的次数，就必须用一般过去时：我跟汤姆谈过几次话。ItalkedtoTomseveraltimes汤姆把两辆汽车都洗了。Tomwashedbothcars并行的两个动作可以都用进行时态来表示：6.一点BetweenoneandtwoIwasdoingtheshoppingandthe，lastnight，today这样用的进行时态通常和某些时间状语如连用。这些时间状语可以看做是表示某一时刻，也可以看做是表afternoon示某一段时间

26、。walkingthedog到两点之间我在购物、遛狗。inwalkingthedog到两点之间我在购物、遛狗。in英语中有四类动词一般不用进行时(不用现在进行时和过去进行时)love,hate,like,care,respect,please,prefer,know表心理状态、情感的动词，如1.等，若用进行时则词意改变。Imforgettingit（=beginningtoforget）等appear,exist,lie,remain,stand,seem表存在、状态的动词，如2.等see,hear,feel,smell,sound,taste表感觉的动词，如3.等。accept,allow,

27、admit,decide,end,refuse,permit,promise表一时性的动词，如4.一般将来时或将来某一段时间一般将来时表示将来某一时刻的动作或状态，动词变化：一内经常的动作或状态。常与this，）weeknext引导的短语（如next，tomorrow等连用。inthefuture；fromnowon，）thisyear引导的短语（如二一般将来时的用法1（动词原形Will/Shall+）表示将要发生的动作或情况。我明天到。a.Iwill（shall）arrivetomorrow.你今晚有空吗？b.Willyoubefreetonight?在一般将来时的句子中，有时有表示将来时间

28、的状语，有时没有时间状语，这时要从意思上判断是否指未来的动作或情况。如：我们只待两星期。Wellonlystayfortwoweeks.，这时或是征shall作主语的问句中，一般使用助动词we或I在以第一人称求对方的意见,或是询问一个情况：明天我们有课吗？Shallwehaveanyclassestomorrow?，特别是在美国。例如：will在这类问句中，近年来也有不少人用我怎么去？HowwillIgetthere?动词原形begoingto+）2（表示打算、准备做的事。如：我们打算在这里盖一座楼。Wearegoingtoputupabuildinghere.表示即将发生或肯定要发生的事。如

29、：我看要下雪了。Ithinkitisgoingtosnow.这事肯定会有很多麻烦。sgoingtobealotoftroubleaboutthis.There”句型区别。前者表示纯粹将来，后者表示打begoingto”句型与will算、计划、准备做的事情，更强调主语的主观意愿。如：明天是周六了。TomorrowwillbeSaturday.今年夏天我们打算游览巴黎。WearegoingtovisitParisthissummer.）用现在进行时表示。3（，等）go,come,leave,start,come,go,arrive,reach表示位置转移的动词（如：可用现在进行时态表示按计划安排即

30、将发生的动作。如：王叔叔就要来了UncleWangiscoming.他们即将前往北京。TheyreleavingforBeijing.我要去北京。ImleavingforBeijing.）用一般现在时表示。（4等的一般现在时也可come,go,leave,arrive,start,get,stay,live,fly某些词，如表示根据规定或时间表预计要发生的动作新学期八月二十九日开学。Thenewtermstarts(begins)onAugust29th.他下一站下车Hegetsoffatthenextstop.点开出。12火车Thetrainleavesat12:00.时间和条件的状语从句必

31、须用一般现在当主句为将来时态或表示将来意义时，时表将来。如：我们如果明天不下雨，cnic.Ifitdoesntraintomorrow,wewillgooutforapi将出去野餐。走前关灯。Turnoffthelightsbeforeyouleave.我有空会给她写信。IllwritetoherwhenIhavetime.和动词原形一beto+)5(表示将来。动词原形一beaboutto+表示按计划要发生的事或征求对方意见例如：动词原形一beto+我们继续干吗？Arewetogoonwiththiswork?这个男孩明天要去上学Theboyistogotoschooltomorrow.明年他

32、将访问日本。HeistovisitJapannextyear.表示即将发生的动作意为：很快，马上。后面一般不动词原形一beaboutto+跟时间状语。我们马上就走。Weareabouttoleave.我立刻就起床。,妈妈Iamabouttogetup,mum.三句型：肯定句结构1.动词+will+主语:用于书面语(1)例如:Wewillcometoseeyoutomorrow动词+am/is/aregoingto+主语：用于口语(2)：TomisgoingtoseehisunclenextSunday.例如：否定句结构2.not后加will在:用于书面语(1):Wewontcometoseey

33、outomorrow(willnot二wont)例女口not.后加is/am/are在:用于口语(2):TomisngoingtoseehisunclenextSunday.例如:一般疑问句结构3.提在主语前will把:用于书面语(1):Willyoucometoseeyoutomorrow?(Yes,wewill.No,wewont)例如is/am/are把：用于口语(2).提在主语前：IsTomgoingtoseehisunclenextSunday?例如(Yes,heisNo,heisnt)一般疑问句？+特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词4.四练习all)finish(Iminute.ain)lea

34、ve(I1.Ibeforeworkmy.)leave(tobedearlytonight.)go(tired.I)be(2.I3.They_(nothave)anyclassesnextweek.4.They(notleave)untilyoucomeback.Thereameetingtomorrowafternoon.5.C.isgoingtobeD.willgotobeA.willbegoingtoB.willgoingtobe6.No.Ifreethedayaftertomorrow一youfreetomorrow?一B.Are;goingtobe;willA.Are;goingto;

35、willD.Are;goingtobe;willbeC.Are;goingto;willbeOK.I.一Letsgoouttoplayfootball,shallwe?一7.D.amcomingC.comeA.willcomingbegoingtocomeaconcertnextSaturday?8.D.ThereareC.TherecanbeB.WilltherebeA.Therewillbe-skating.Ifittomorrow,wellgoroller9D.doesntfineC.doesntrainB.wontrainA.isntrainWillhisparentsgotoseet

36、heTerraCottaWarriorstomorrow?一10.No,.一D.theydont.C.theyarent.B.theywont.A.theywillnt.11.Thetrainat11.D.isarrivingC.isgoingtoB.willbearriveA.goingtoarrive12.Hethereattentomorrowmorning.B.isA.willD.beC.willbe13.openthewindow?D.DoyouC.YoupleaseB.PleasewillyouA.WillyoupleaseShewenttoHainanIslandlastweek

37、andwillreturnWhereisMissWang?14._sixdays.agoB.laterC.behindD.inA.-15.Whenagain?Whenhe,Illletyouknow.-B.willhecome;willcomeA.hecomes;comesD.willhecome;comesC.hecomes;willhecome时态练习题()1-Hecameearlythismorning,didnthe?-Yes,hedid.Heoften_toschoolearly.A.comeB.comesC.cameD.hascome()2Thesun_intheeastand_i

38、nthewest.A.raises;serise;setsC.rises;setsD.rises;set()3.-Iusuallmilkandbreadforbreakfast.Whataboutyou,Jim?-SodoI,butmysister_.A.hasntB.doesntC.didnwont()4-Thattenpoundnotebelongstome.-.A.Yes,itbelongsB.No,itdoesntC.Yes,itisD.No,itisntShewillgoifitomorrow.()5A.isntrainB.dontrainC.doesnD.didntrain()6-

39、_he_toworkonfoot?-Yehe_.B.Does;go;doesA.Do;go;doD.Does;go;Is;going;does()7HowitinEnglish?A.ysayB.doyousayC.tospeakD.abouttalkyou_howtogetthebusstop?()8A.Have;knowB.Do;knowC.Are;knowingD./;know()9.I_whattheoldmansaidisright.A.amthinkingB.isthoughtC.thinkD.though()10.Couldyouringmeupassoonashe_?A.arri

40、vedB.wouldarriveC.arrivesD.willarrive()11.Ourclassesat7:30tomorrowmorning.A.beginB.beginsC.isbeginningD.werebeginning()12.Thetrain_atfivethisafternoon.leaveB.leavingC.leavesD.areleaving()13.ThetrfromTianjin_anhourago.A.arrivedB.hasarrivedwasarrivingD.arrivedat()14.Helivedtherebefore_toChina.A.comeB.

41、comesC.cameD.coming()15.Agirl_thewalletand_.A.found;turnsitwouldfind;hasturnedinitC.found;turneditinD.hfound;turnedinit()16.I_theblackboardbut_nothingonit.A.lookedat;sawB.havelooked;sawsaw;lookedatD.waslookingat;wasseeing()17.When_tolearnEnglish?A.doesshebeginB.didshebeginC.hasshebegunD.shebegan()18

42、.Myyoungerbrotherthearmy1990.A.joined;atB.joined;inC.hasjoined;inD.hasjoined;since()19.-Didyouwaitforyourfatherverylong?Itobeduntiltwointhemorning.A.didgoB.didntgoC.hadgoneD.went()20.ThestudentshardlstudiedtheEnglishlanguage,_they?A.didB.didntC.wereD.werent()21.Hecamein,_hiscoaandsatdown.A.tookdownB

43、.tookoffC.takingdowntakingoff()22.Whenhewasachild,heintgardeninthemorning.A.alwaysplaysB.alwaysplayedC.playsalwaysD.playedalways()23.Heisgooatmathsandhe_hard.A.alwaysstudyB.alwaysistudyingC.isalwaysstudyingD.studiesalways()24.Whenhewasyoungheswimintheriver.A.usedB.usedtoC.usesD.use()25.Oh,youarehere?Ithoughtyouontheplayground.A.ranB.ru