高中英语语法-英语句子成分课件(共21张)

1、语法- 句子成分及练习语法-英语句子有五个最基本的句型： 1、主语 + 系动词 + 表语 2、主语 + 谓语（不及物动词） 3、主语 +谓语（及物动词) + 宾语 4、主语 +谓语 (及物动词) + 间接宾语（人） + 直接宾语（物） 变式：主语 +谓语(及物动词) + 直接宾语（物）+ 介词+ 间接宾语（人） 5、主语 +谓语(及物动词) + 宾语 + 宾语补足语 She likes English.I am a girl She came She gave John a book She gave a book to JohnShe makes her mother angry The t

2、eacher asked me to read the passage.英语句子有五个最基本的句型： She likes Engl1. They(主语） are working（系表结构做谓语） on the farm（地点状语） now（时间状语）. 3.All of us（主语） like （谓语）Kobe Bryant （宾语）very much （程度副词状语）4. To catch the train ,（目的状语）I（主语） got up （谓语）early yesterday （时间状语）1. They(主语） are working（系表结构做谓英语句子的基本成分有8种：主语

3、(subject) sbdikt 谓语 (predicate) predikt 宾语 (object) bdikt 定语 (attribute) tribju:t 状语 (adverbial) dv:bil 补语 (complement) kmplimnt 表语 (predicative) prdktv 同位语(Appositive) pzitiv英语句子的基本成分有8种：主语 (subject) 句子成分标识符号主语 “ ” 划在主语下面谓语 “ ” 划在谓语下面宾语 “” 划在宾语下面定语 “( )” 用在定语前后状语 “ ” 用在状语前后补语 “” 用在补语前后主要成分附加成分返 回句子

4、成分标识符号主语 “ ” 主语：1) Mr. Chen is a well-known scientist.2) He reads newspapers everyday.3) Two and six is eight.4) Smoking is harmful to health.5) To swim in Kunming Lake is a great pleasure.6) What we shall do next is not yet decided.可以作主语的有名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、从句等主语一般在句首。主语：1) Mr. Chen is a well-it作形式主语

5、，由that 引导的从句 It is likely _. that many of them will be born in northwestern BeijingIt is reported _ _ _. that 99% of school-age children in China attended primary school by 2004it作形式主语，由that 引导的从句 It is likeIt is obvious that he was wrong.It 作形式主语，that he was wrong 主语从句作真正的主语。It is no use crying ove

6、r the spilt milk. Its no use doing sth. 做某事是没用的spill spilt spilt (使) 洒出，溢出覆水难收。It 作形式主语，crying over the spilt milk 动名词短语作真正的主语。It is obvious that he was wron1.Studying English is very important.动名词短语作主语2.To teach him a lesson seems quite necessary.不定式短语作主语3.That he won the prize excited everyone.主语从

7、句作主语4.It is important for us to have our dreams.It 作形式主语，to have our dreams 不定式短语作真正的宾语练习，直出下列句子的主语由何充当1.Studying English is very imp由一个动词或动词短语构成。 He practices running every morning.He is angry with you.He was often laughed at for this.由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。You may keep the book for two weeks. He has c

8、aught a bad cold. 谓语: 说明主语的动作，状态或特征。由一个动词或动词短语构成。谓语: 说明主语的动作3. 宾语（object)：宾语在句子中主要充当动作的承受者，一般放于及物动词之后或介词后面。例:老师把灯关了.The teacher turned off the lights.介宾例:他们将不会伤害我们.They wont hurt us.动宾例:他在上个星期放弃吸烟了. He gave up smoking last week.介宾宾语动宾介宾3. 宾语（object)：宾语在句子中主要充当动作的承受者宾语:宾语通常在及物动词和介词的后面可以做宾语的词类是名词代词数词不

9、定式动名词从句等I enjoy dancing.He need a job.宾语:宾语通常在及物动词和介词的后面可以做宾语的词类是名词在系动词后的部分就是表语常见的系动词有:be(am,is,are,were,was)状态：seem, appear, prove -感官：smell, feel, taste, sound, look变化：become, get, turn, go, come, grow持续：remain, stay, keep,在系动词后的部分就是表语表语：表语通常在系动词后。1) My uncle is a professor.2) He looked tired.3) T

10、he basketball match is on.4) All the pupils are on the playground now.5) Our aim was to win more medals.6) His work is teaching French.7) The question is who can really repair the machines.表语：表语通常在系动词后。1) My uncle is a 定语: 是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、 短语或句子.注意：单个词常置被修饰词前，短语从句置后The boy needs a coffee cup. The

11、best boy here is Tom. The smiling boy needs a pen bought by his mother. This is the new dictionary which I bought yesterday. 定语: 是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、注意：单个词常置状语：状语修饰动词、形容词、副词及其相应的短语或从句句子，说明方式、因果、条件、时间、地点、让步、 伴随、程度、目的等。1)On Sundays, there is no student in the classroom. 2) He sits there, asking for a pe

12、n. 3) The boy needs a pen to do hishomework. 4) If I have some spare time, I will take up German.状语：状语修饰动词、形容词、副词及其相应的短语或从句句子，同位语：是在名词或代词之后，重复指代并进一步说明名词或代词的成分。常置被修饰词语后We students should study hard. We all are students. Bush, President of the United States, will visit China next month.同位语：是在名词或代词之后，重

13、复指代并进一步说明名词或代词的补语: 补充说明主语或宾语.做“宾补”时在宾语后，做“主补”时在谓语后1) The doctor advised her to stay in bed 2) We saw the pupils playing basketball.3) She was elected monitor of Class 1.补语: 补充说明主语或宾语.做“宾补”时在宾语后，做“主补”巩固练习巩固练习指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分 11. He managed to finish the work in time.12. Tom came to ask me for advice.13. He found it important to master English.14. Do you have anything else to say?15. To be honest; your pronunciation is not so good.16. Would you please tell me your ad