高考英语语法《动词的时态与语态》备考知识点全方位

1、专题05动词的时忠与语忠 高考分析I课程标准只要求高中生掌握常见的10种时态用法.以往高考题考查最多的是一般 过去时、过去完成时、现在完成时等.未来高考课标全国卷仍然会以最基本的时 态（一般过去时、过去完成时、现在完成时）为主;仍会采用考查时态为主,语态为 辅的原那么.动词时态概览:动作标示 时间标示一般 (Simple)进行(Continuous )完成(Perfect)完成进行(Perfect continuous )现在(Present)现在一般时 (Present simple)现在进行时(Present continuous)现在完成时(Present perfect)现在完成进行时

2、(Present perfect continuous)过去(Past)过去一般时 (Past simple)过去进行时(Past continuous)过去完成时(Past perfect)过去完成进行时 (Past perfect continuous)将来(Future)将来一般时 (Future simple)将来进行时(Future continuous)将来完成时(Future perfect)将来完成进行时(Future perfect continuous)过去将来(Past future)过去将来一般时 (Past future simple)过去将来进行时 (Past fu

3、ture continuous)过去将来完成时 (Past future perfect)过去将来完成进行时(Past future perfect continuous)动词work为例,这些时态的构成形式.如下表:、一动作标示时间标示一般(Simple )进行 (Continuous)完成(Perfect)完成进行(Perfect continuous)现在(Present)work/worksam/is/are workinghas/have workedhas/have been working过去(Past)workedwas/were workinghad workedhad be

4、en working将来(Future )will workwill be workingwill have workedwill have been working过去将来(Past future )would workwould be workingwould have workedwould have been workingI had hoped to see more of Shanghai.我本希望在上海多看看.（但未能如愿）4.用于某些固定句型中：（l）Hardly/Scarcely/Rarely when 和 No sooner than 句型中，when 和than从句里用一

5、般过去时，主句用过去完成时，且用倒装，表示“刚刚就”.Hardly/No sooner had 1 got home when/than the rain poured down. 我刚至I家，大 雨就倾盆而下.（2） It was/had been +一段时间+ since从句.since从句的谓语用过去完成时.It was ten years since we had had such a wonderful time.我们有10年没这么高兴过了.（3）That/It/This was the first/second . time +that 从句. that 从句的谓语要 用过去完成时

6、.It was the third time （that） he had left the key at home.那是他第三次把钥匙落在家里了.That was the first time that I had passed the exam.那是我第一次考试及格.（十）现在完成进行时.动作发生在过去,持续到现在且现在还在进行He has been learning Enlish for 6 years.（强调现在还在学）.现在完成进行时是现在完成时和现在进行时的组合，因此,它既具备现在完成时的 特征，又具备现在进行时的特征，如:它具备进行体的“未完性、暂时性、感情色彩”的特 点It ha

7、s been raining for 3 days.（强调说话者“抱怨”的感情色彩）I.单句语法填空（2021 新高考 I 卷）You can t helpwondering how hard it （be） for the people then to put all those rocks into place.（2020 全 国卷 I ）The unmannedChang，e-4 probe （探测器）一 the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess 一 （touch） down last week in the Sou

8、th Pole-Aitken basin.（2020 全国卷 III） When he asked thevillagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary （传奇 的）artist, they smiled and （point） down the river.（2020 浙江 7 月高考）New methods（mean） that fewer people worked in farming.（2020 新高考全国卷 I ）The 80, 000objects collected by Sir Han

9、s Sloane, for example, （form）the core collection of the British Museum that opened in 1759.（2019 全国卷 H） Picking up her“Lifetime Achievement award, proud Irene （declare） she had no plans to retire from her 36-year-old business.（2019 全国卷HI） Our hosts shared manyof their experiences and （recommend） won

10、derful places to eat, shop, and visit.（2019 北京高考）Research on thequestion （suggest） that, for most students, it doesn，t.（2019 浙江 6 月 高考）When every pupilin the school wears the uniform, nobody（have） to worry aboutfashion （时尚）.（2018 全国卷 II）The Chinese Ministry ofAgriculture finds that between 2005 when

11、 the government （start） a soil-testing program that gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7. 7 million tons.（2017 全国卷 H）Later, engineers （manage） to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels （隧道），which became known as the Tube.（2017 全国卷HI）Sarah

12、 says, “My dad thinksI should take the offer now. But at the moment, school （come） first. ”（2017 6 月浙江高考）Pahlsson and herhusband （search） the kitchen, checking every corner, but turned up nothing.（2016 四川高考）However, it stayed with herand learned about the ways of the forest. Then, after two and a ha

13、lf years, the mother （drive） the young panda away.（2015 全国卷 H）This cycle（go）day after day:The walls warm up during the day and cool off during thenight and are thus always a timely offset （抵消）for the outsidetemperatures.(2014 全国卷 I ) In 1969, the pollution wasterrible along the Cuyahoga River near C

14、leveland, Ohio. It (be) unimaginable that it could ever be cleaned up.(2018 北 京高考 改编)Susan had quit herwell-paid job and(work) as a volunteer in the neighborhood when Ivisited her last year.(2017 天津高考改编)1 (drive) downto London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road.(2014 北京高考改编)一Hi, let，

15、s go skating.一Sorry, Im busy right now. I(fill) in an application form for anew job.(2018 全国卷 H) Diets have changed in China一 and so too has its top crop. Since 2011, the country(grow)more corn than rice.(2018 北 京高考 改编)Chinas high-speedrailways (grow)from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers in the past few y

16、ears.(2018 江苏高考 改编)Hopefully in 2025 wewill no longer be e-mailing each other, for we (develop) more convenient electronic communication tools by then.解析:was 本句意思为“你不禁要问，对于当时的人来说,把所有这些石头放好，是多么困难.”可知应用一般过去时，故答案为was.解析：touched 分析句子结构，the name wasinspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess”局部是对探月器名称的解释

17、，可以 看作是插入成分，故可判断出空格处是谓语动词,再根据句中的时间状语last week可 知，此处用一般过去时.解析:pointedand连接两个并列谓语动词，空格处的动词形式应和smiled 一致,应用一般过去时.解析:meant根据that引导的宾语从句中的时态可知,此处用一般过去时.解析：formed 根据定语从句中的时间状语in1759可知，要用一般过去时.解析:declared根据设空处后的从句中谓语动词had的时态可知,本句表达发生在过去的事情要用一般过去时.解析:recommended根据and可知所填词语与前面的shared构成并列谓语结构，shared为一般过去时，故填r

18、ecommended.解析：suggests/suggested/has suggested 本句的主语是Research,为单数名词,设空处为谓语动词，也应用单数形式.且此处表示研究 结果,可以理解为客观描述这项研究,也可以理解为这项研究是在过去进行时，同时也可 强调这项研究对现在的影响.此处可用一般现在时、一般过去时或现在完成时，故填 suggests/suggested/has suggested.解析：has/will have空格前面的从句用了一般现在时,主句谓语动词应该用一般现在时或者一般将来时.而句子主语nobody是第三个 人称单数,所以当句子为一般现在时态时,谓语动词用第三人

19、称单数.解析:started根据破折号前的内容可知，此处说的是2005年发生的事情,应用一般过去时.解析:managed由语境可知，此处讲的是发生在过去的事情，所以用一般过去B寸，主语engineers和manage之间是主动关系，故填 managed.解析：comes此句是直接引语，陈述客观事实，根据前面句子的谓语可知,动词come应该使用一般现在时.解析:searchedbut 后面的turned upnothing”使用了过去时，search是与之并列的谓语动词，根据语境可知,此处描述的是 过去发生的行为,故要用一般过去时.解析:drove此处讲过去发生的事,所以用一般过去时且为主动形式

20、,故用drive的过去式drove.解析:goes此处指这种循环日复一日地不断持续下去，由冒号后内容的时态可知这种情况是客观性陈述,故用一般现在时.解析：was 根据“In 1969, the pollution wasterrible可知，此处表达的是过去发生的事情，因此用一般过去时，由于主语是It,因 此此处谓语用was.解析:was working句意：去年我拜访苏珊的时候,她已经辞去了那份高薪的工作,正在社区当志愿者.根据句意可知，此处强调过去的时间 点正在进行的动作，因此用过去进行时.解析:was driving句意：我正开车去伦敦时，突然发现走错路了.be doing sth. +

21、 when.是固定句型，表示“正在做某事，这时突 袋”八、19.19.19.解析：am filling 句意：“嗨，我们去滑冰 吧.”“抱歉,我现在正忙着呢.我正在填一份新工作的申请表.”此句表示说话时正在 发生的动作，故用现在进行时.19.解析：has grown由时间状语Since 2011可知此处语境表示的是从过去的某个时间开始,一直持续到现在,故用现在完成时.且主语the country是第三人称单数名词，故填has grown.解析：have grown句意：在过去的几年，中国的高铁已从9 000千米延长到25 000千米.“during/over/in the past/last

22、+时间 段”作状语，句子应用现在完成时态.解析:will have developed 句意：我们有望在2025年的时候不再互相发电子邮件了，因为那时我们已经开发出更方便的电子通讯工 具了. 2025年为将来的时间，由by then可知要用将来完成时.II.单句改错（2021 全国卷 DFirstly, doing housework washelpful for us to be a responsible person.（2020 全国卷 iDActually, I start to learnkung fu when I was seven years old, for I have l

23、ong been out of practice.（2019 全国卷 H）0ne was that I was amazingat the fact that a sick person could feel much more better after seeing a doctor. And the other is that I wanted to help people in need.（2018 全 国卷 I ） During my last winterholiday, I went to the countryside with my father to visit my gra

24、ndparents. I find a big change there.（2018 全国卷 H）I didn，t realize how rightmy parents are until I entered high school.（2018 全国卷was Monday morning, andthe writing class had just begin.（2017 全国卷 I ）Before getting into the car,I thought I had learned the instructors orders, but once I started the car,

25、my mind goes blank.（2017 全国卷 H） When summer came, they willinvite their students to pick the fresh vegetables!（2017 全国卷III）About one month after thisphoto was taken, I entered my second year of high school and become a newmember of the school music club.（2016 全国卷 II）Some classmates suggest weshould

26、go to places of interest nearby. I thought that it is a good idea.It does not cost much, yet we can still learn a lot.（2016 全国卷HI）At first, I thought I kneweverything and could make decisions by myself. However, my parents didn，t seem to think so. They always tell me what to do and how to do it.（201

27、5 全国卷 H）Tony was scared and begunto cry.（2015 全国卷 H）A woman saw him crying andtelling him to wait outside the shop.（2017 全国卷 III） I had grown not onlyphysically, but also mentally in the past few years.解析:was-is根据这句话的意思：“首先，做家务有助于我们成为一个负责任的人. ”可知这是陈述的客观事实，故答案用一般现在式 is.解析：startf started动作发生在“我” 7岁的时候

28、,即动作发生在过去,应用一般过去时,故答案用一般过去式started.解析：isf was根据文章上下文的时态可知，文章时态一般过去时,故答案为一般过去式was.解析：findf found 根据第一句中的时间状语During my last winter holiday可知，此处表达的是去年寒假中的事情，故第二句中 的谓语动词应用一般过去时found.解析：arefwere 根据主句的谓语动词didntrealize和until引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词entered可知,此处表达的是过去的 事情，应用一般过去时were.解析:beginbegun根据语境:写作课刚刚已经开始,再结合前面的

29、had,说明这是 一个过去完成时的句子，因此把begin改为begun.解析：goes-went此处讲述的是发生在过去的事情,所以用一般过去时.解析:camef comes此处主句是一般将来时,when引导的时间状语从句应用一般现 在时表示将来,且从句主语为第三人称单数,故应用comes.解析：becomef became 此句中的become和前面的entered是并列谓语,形式上应保持一致,故become应使用一般过去时.解析：thoughtf think根据前面的suggest和后面的does, can still learn可知此处应用一般现在时.解析:tell - told根据前面两

30、句的时态可知此处应用一般过去时.解析：begunf began “was scared与 “begun”是由and连接的两个并列谓语，由“was scared”可知应用一般过去时，begin的过去 式是began, begun是其过去分词，所以begun改为began.解析：tellingf told 句子的主语为A woman”，谓语为saw, crying为宾语补足语,and连接的是两个并列谓语,而不是两个宾语补足 语，所以telling改为told.解析：hadfhave 根据时间状语“in the pastfew years可知，本句应该使用现在完成时.被动语态高考分析_动词的语态是历

31、年高考的重点,也是高考的必考点.高考主要以语法填空、 短文改错等形式对被动语态这一考点进行考查,动词的语态在语法填空和短文 改错中是必考点.预计2020年高考语态仍将是高考考查的重点和难点所在,考 查形式仍以语法填空和短文改错题型为主，很可能会与动词的时态及其他的语 法点结合起来进行考查.语态分为两种:主动语态和被动语态.英语中的被动语态由“be+过去分词”构成,be为 助动词，有时态、人称和数的变化.（一）被动语态的构成（以do为例）现在时过去时将来时过去将来时一般式am/is/was/will/shallwould/are donewere donebe doneshouldbe done

32、进行式am/is/arebeing donewas/werebeing done完成式have/hashadwill/shallwould/been donebeen donehave beendoneshould havebeen done（二）被动语态的基本用法.强调或突出动作的承受者或事件本身.New Zealand wine is of high quality and is sold all over the world.新西兰的 葡萄酒品质很高,广销全世界.特别注意(1)有些及物动词或及物动词短语不能用于被动语态.常见的这类动词或动 词短语有：have有 cost花费lack缺少o

33、wn拥有 suit适合hold抓住fit适合 belong to属于 wish希望suffer from 遭受 take part in 参加 date back to 追溯到(2)不及物动词或不及物动词短语不能用于被动语态,常见的这类动词或动词短语有：happen/take place/occur (to)发生remain 乘卜break out 爆发 last 持续come out 出版come up被提出 lose heart失去信心 run out用完.不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者.He is recognized as one of the leading early canal

34、 engineers.他被公认为早期最杰出的运河工程师之一.用在科技文献或新闻报道中.Cars of this kind were made in the 1980s.这种小汽车是20世纪80年代制造的.(三)主动形式表示被动意义.表示主语的某种属性特征或功能的动词，如read, write, sell, wash, clean, cook, catch, draw, cut, photograph, peel 等，常与 well, badly, easily, smoothly 等副词连用,用主动形式表示被动意义.The book sells well,这本书卖得很好.系动词smell, t

35、aste, feel, look, sound, prove等后接形容词作表语，用主动 形式表示被动意义.Her voice sounds beautiful.她的嗓音听起来很美妙. open, close, lock, move, keep 等动词常与 wont, cant, wouldn，t, hardly, scarcely等连用，及表示“开始” “结束”的动词，如:begin, start, finish, end等，常 用主动形式表示被动意义.This drawer won，t lock.这个抽屉锁不上.单句语法填空/单句改错(2020 新 高考卷 II) Readers (enco

36、urage) tocontinue exploring the digital world with the guidance of our FurtherResources section featured in each volume.(2020 全国卷 II)The artist was sure hewould(choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor, s chief minister, the old man laughed.(2019 全国卷 III) On the last day of ourw

37、eek-long stay, we(invite)to attend a private concert on a beautifulfarm on the North Shore under the stars, listening to musicians and meeting interesting locals.(2018 北京高考改编)A rescue worker riskedhis life saving two tourists who(trap) in the mountains for twodays.(2018 天津高考改编)My washing machine(rep

38、air) this week, so I have to wash my clothes by hand.(2018 江苏高考改编)1 was sent to thevillage last month to see how the development plan (carry) out in the past two years.(2017 全国卷 I )When fat and salt (remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something.(2017 全国卷 II) Steam engines (use)to

39、 pull the carriages and it must have been fairly unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise.(2017 全国卷HDSarah (tell) thatshe could be Britains new supermodel, earning a million dollars in the next year.(2016 全国卷 I )So it was a great honour tobe invited backstage at the not-for-profit

40、 Panda Base, where ticket money helps pay for research. I (allow) to get up close to these cuteanimals at the 600-acre centre.11.12.(2016 四川 高考)The giant pandaworld.11.12.world.world.(love) by people throughout the(2016 北京高考改编)The students have beenworld.working hard on their lessonsand their effort

41、s(reward) withworking hard on their lessonsand their efforts(reward) with13.13.success in the end.(2016 江苏高考改编)More efforts, asreported, (make) in the years ahead to accelerate the supply-side structural reform.14.(2015 全国卷 I )Lots of studies have beenshown that global warming has already become a v

42、ery serious problem.解析：are encouraged句意：我们鼓励读者在每一卷中的进一步资源局部的指导下继续探索数字世界.陈述的一般事实不受时间 的限制,故用一般现在式的被动语态.解析：be chosen根据句意可知该句应用被动语态，而设空处前为情态动词would,故答案为be chosen.解析：were invited句意：在我们一周逗留的最后一天,我们被邀请参加在北岸一个美丽的农场举行的私人音乐会,在星空下聆听音 乐家的演奏,并与有趣的当地人会面.可知表示过去，因此用过去式的被动语态.解析：had been trapped句意：一位救援人员冒着生命危险挽救了两名被困

43、在山里两天的游客.游客被困发生在被救之前,表示过去的 过去，因此要用过去完成时态的被动语态.解析：is being repaired句意：我的洗衣机这周正在被修理,因此我不得不手洗我的衣服.洗衣机正在被修理,因此用现在进行时的被动 语态.解析:had been carried句意：上个月，我被派往这个村子,去看了看过去两年里这个开展计划执行得怎么样了. carry out发生在I was sent之前,所以要用过去完成时,且plan与carry out之间为被动关系,故用过去完成 时的被动语态.解析：are removed根据语境和主句时态可知此处用一般现在时；主语“fat and salt”

44、与remove之间是被动关系，故用一般现在时的 被动语态.解析:were used此处讲的是过去的事情，主语uSteam engines和use之间是被动关系，所以用一般过去时的被动语态.解析：has been told/was told 句意：有人告诉过萨拉,她可能成为英国的一名新超模，下一年能挣一百万美元.根据句意可知,句子谓 语应该使用现在完成时的被动语态,再由从句中的谓语动词“could be”可知,此处也 可使用一般过去时的被动语态.解析：was allowed 根据空格前一句的时态及allow与I之间为被动关系可知,此处要用一般过去时的被动语态.一般体一般现在时:do, doesw

45、ill/shall do一般将来时am/is/are going to doam/is/are to do一般过去时: didam/is/areabout to do一般体一般现在时:do, doeswill/shall do一般将来时am/is/are going to doam/is/are to do一般过去时: didam/is/areabout to do过去将来时was /were going to dowas/were to dowas/wereabout to do过去将来时was /were going to dowas/were to dowas/wereabout to

46、do（一）一般现在时一般现在时是最基本的一种时态,其谓语动词用原形或第三人称单数形式（主语是第三 人称单数时）.动词的第三人称单数的规那么变化是在动词后加-sh或-es;be的变 化：am, is, are. have 的变化：has, have般情况力口一seateats, rise一一rises以 s, sh, ch, x, o, z力口-esteach-teaches结尾的动词discuss-discusses以辅音字母加y结变y为iescarry-carries尾的动词flyflies.表示经常性、习惯性的动作或存在的状态，常与频度副词及表示现在的时间状语连 用.例如：.表示肯定的频度

47、副词有:always, frequently, usually, sometimes, generally, occasionally 和 often 等.表示否认的频度副词有:never, seldom和rarely.表示频度的副词短语有：once a week, twice a year 和 on alternate days 等.不过,在应用上述这些副词时,要注意以下几点：1.它在句子中的位置通常是:在be动词后、实义动词前.He is always late.他总是迟到.解析：is loved大熊猫为世界各地的人们所喜爱是个客观事实,故用一般现在时;panda与love之间是被动关系,

48、所以用被动语态.故填 is loved.解析：will be rewarded 句意：学生们一直在刻苦学习功课，他们的努力最终将会以获得成功作为回报.根据句意和语境可知,此处应该 使用一般将来时,且动词reward与主语efforts之间为逻辑上的被动关系，故用一般将 来时的被动语态.解析：去掉beenstudies与show之间为主动关系,应用主动语态.解析:will be made句意:据报道，为加快供给侧结构性改革，今后几年将会付出更多的努力.时间状语是in the years ahead ”在今后 的几年里”，故使用一般将来时；efforts与make之间是被动关系，故用一般将来时的

49、被动语态.He always goes to school by bike.他总是骑自行车上学.上述否认副词不能再与否认助动词(如dont等)连用.He doesn，t seldom come late. *(一般不这么说)He seldom comes late.他几乎从不迟到.这些副词一般放在否认助动词前,always除外.The history lectures sometimes aren，t interesting.关于历史的讲座有时彳艮没意 思.His wife complains that he sometimes doesnt 1 isten to her,他的妻子抱怨，说 他

50、有时候不注意听她说话.He doesnt always leave before 6 oclock. Sometimes he works until 7 o clock.他并不总是在6点钟之前下班，有时他会工作到7点.2.表示主语目前的性质、特 征、状态或能力等.He is a man of few words.他是一个少言寡语的人.表示客观事实、普遍真理及自然现象，或用在格言中.The sun rises in the east.Knowledge is power.知识就是力量.形式：do或does (单数第三人称)意义：一般现在时表示客观的、普遍性的真理以及经常性的、习惯性的事件。(T

51、he Present Simple Tense is used to express a general truth or fact, or an action that occurs regularly or habitually. Generally, Present Simple Tense verb conveys a sense of permanence.)用法图解例句解释说明客观真理或事实对客观的事实真理进行陈述，这些 事实过去、现在和将来均可能存在The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.The earth moves aro

52、und the sun.对于太阳或地球的运 转规律在过去、现在 或将来都是一样的， 不会改变经常性的重复活动 表示某项活动习惯性(habitually)、 经常性(regularly)地发生1 often spend two hours reading English in the morning.Classes begin at nine in the morning.这两句都是说明一种 日常习惯性的活动.在某些特定的场合,一般现在时态有时可表示将来发生的动作.具体阐述如下：一、用在条件状语从句和时间状语从句中主要用在条件状语从句(if和unless)和时间状语从句(when, as soo

53、n as, before和 after等)中,表示将来的动作.请看例句：Please let me know when he comes back. 他回来时请告诉我.What are you going to do when you leave school?你毕业以后想要干些什么？I will get everything ready before you come back.你回来之前我会把所有的东西都准备好.上述从句中的动作come和see均是将在未来发生的，但要用一般现在时表示将来.不 过假设从句的动作含有“意愿”的意思，那么从句中可用Will.请看例句：If you will gi

54、ve me a hand with these books, I 11 appreciate it. 如果你愿 意帮我拿这些书,我将非常感激.If they will not accept a check, we shall have to pay in cash, though it would be much trouble for both sides.要是他们不愿意接受支票,我们就只好用现金支付,尽管这样会给双方带来不便.二、在谈到未来的计划和时间安排表的时候,表示将来的动作此时句中的动词往往是表示短暂性动作的动词，如go, come, leave, start和move等. 请看例句

55、：The train starts at 2 o clock. 火车两点钟开.We move next week.我们下周搬家.They leave for Shanghai by train tomorrow evening.他们明晚出发去上海.三、在从句中表示将来的动作，此时主句往往用了一个将来时请看例句：I will reward the person who finds my lost kitten.我将酬谢找到我丧失的猫的 人.I will give the booklet to whoever asks for it.谁来索取这个小册子，我就把它 给谁.（二）一般过去时般过去时用动

56、词的过去式表示,其规那么动词变化方法如下表所示:一般情况加-edpack一packed以辅音字母加y结尾的动词变y为iedcarry-carried以一个辅音字母结尾的重读 闭音节动词双写辅音字母加-可plan一p lanned以不发音的e结尾的动词直接加一dlike-liked.表示过去某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态,其中包括过去的习惯性动作,常与表 示过去的时间状语连用.例如：yesterday 昨天in 2019 在 2019 年the other day 几天前 . days/years ago 天/年前 once upon a time 从前 the day before yeste

57、rday 前天 last week/month/year上周/上个月/去年.描述过去时间内经常性或习惯性的动作.He opened his eyes, put on his clothes quickly and jumpeddown from the bed. 他睁开眼睛,迅速穿上衣服,并从床上跳了下来.特别注意在before和after引导的时间状语从句中,假设表示两个过去的动作相继 发生,两个动作都用一般过去时,前一个动作不必用过去完成时.Henry visited New York before he left for Washington.亨利去华盛顿之前游览了纽约.有些动作发生的时

58、间没有具体说明，但实际上是“刚才，刚刚”发生,应使用一般过 去时.如I didnt know.,或I forgot.等表示事先或说话之前不知道或不记得，但现 在道或记得的事情.I didn，t know you were here.我不知道你在这里.(三)一般将来时will/shall+动词原形(1)表示将要发生的动作或将来存在的状态,Shan 一般用于第一人称,will可用于各 种人称,常与表示将来的时间状语连用.例如：tomorrow 明天in the future 将来later on后来before long不久以后；很快next week/month/year下周/下个月/明年the

59、 day after tomorrow 后天(2)will还可表示说话时临时作出的决定.Dr. Jackson is not in his office at the moment.一All right. I will call him later.杰克逊医生现在不在办公室.好吧,我过会给他打 .be going to+动词原形表示按计划、打算将要做某事;还可表示“预见”，即根据某种迹象预示着要发生某事.Look at the dark clouds. It is going to rain.看那些乌云.要下雨了.be about to+动词原形/be on the point of+动名词“

60、be about to +动词原形”及“be on the point of +动名词”表示“立即的将来 (immediate future) ”，因此，这两种结构不与表示将来的具体时间状语连用，但可以和并 列连词when(=and at that time)引出的分句连用.The train is about to start.火车就要开了.4. be to+动词原形用法例句表示“按计划或安排即将要做的事”They are to meet at the gate of the school.他们将在学校门口见面.表示“按照职责、义务、规定、命令等应该 做某事”，相当于should, ough