人教版新课标高三英语一轮复习语法讲解-句子成分32张课件

1、句子成分高三英语一轮复习12句子成分高三英语一轮复习12一、句子成分的含义及分类1.含义：句子由各个组成部分构成，这些组成部分叫作句子成分。2.分类：句子成分可分为主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语和同位语等。22022/9/29一、句子成分的含义及分类1.含义：句子由各个组成部分构成，这二、主语1.概念主语是句子的主体，用于说明谓语所表示的动作或状态的执行者，除倒装句外，一般位于句子的开头。2.主语的成分：主语通常由名词、代词、数词、动词不定式、动名词或从句等充当，一般用双横线“=”标出。2019全国卷书面表达You can watch them in your spare time.

2、(代词作主语)2019北京卷书面表达Transportation matters so much while traveling.(名词作主语)32022/9/29二、主语1.概念32022/9/272018全国卷书面表达To bring a small gift is a good idea.It is a good idea to bring a small gift.(动词不定式作主语)2017全国卷书面表达To start with, what I intend to stress is that we are about to start our next lesson in Cla

3、ssroom 8 of the Teaching Building at 10 am. next Friday.(从句作主语)Forming a good habit in our daily life is of great benefit to us.(动名词短语作主语)42022/9/292018全国卷书面表达To bring a s即练：用双横线“=”标出下列句子的主语。2019江苏卷书面表达Whats more, the traditional Chinese dress cant reflect the unique culture of our school. 2018全国卷书面

4、表达Im pleased to know your Chinese friend has invited you to dinner.2016高考四川卷书面表达Different people like different seasons; my favourite season is spring.江西卷书面表达To get along well with others is the second thing you should learn.2015高考天津卷书面表达What I am going to tell you is about donating books from our s

5、chool to your Chinese class.52022/9/29即练：用双横线“=”标出下列句子的主语。52022答案Whats more, the traditional Chinese dress cant reflect the unique culture of our school. Im pleased to know your Chinese friend has invited you to dinner.Different people like different seasons; my favourite season is spring.To get alo

6、ng well with others is the second thing you should learn.What I am going to tell you is about donating books from our school to your Chinese class.62022/9/29答案62022/9/27三、谓语1.概念：谓语是用来描述主语的行为动作、状态或特征的词，一般用单横线“_”标出。2.作谓语的动词：(1)实义动词(短语)可以单独作谓语，有时态、人称和数的变化(2)系动词不能单独作谓语，系表结构才可以作谓语(3)助动词和情态动词也不能单独作谓语，“助动词

7、/情态动词实义动词”可以作谓语72022/9/29三、谓语1.概念：72022/9/272019全国卷书面表达I can give a brief introduction of these masterpieces from the perspective of a native speaker of China. (“情态动词实义动词”作谓语)2019全国卷书面表达I have good news to tell you that a music festival will be held in our school hall on June 5 at 2：00 pm. (实义动词作谓语)

8、2019全国卷书面表达I am good at English and familiar with Chinese paintings. (系表结构作谓语)82022/9/292019全国卷书面表达I can give a 即练：用单横线“_”标出下列句子的谓语。Half an hour later, I managed to find the correct answer.When he got up at 7：00 am., a big plan occurred to him.The watch is necessary in our daily life, but its functi

9、on is too simple and dull.We may have different opinions in organizing class activities.2018高考浙江卷书面表达Whats more, I have some experience in accompanying foreign friends.92022/9/29即练：用单横线“_”标出下列句子的谓语。92022/答案Half an hour later, I managed to find the correct answer.When he got up at 7：00 am, a big plan

10、 occurred to him.The watch is necessary in our daily life, but its function is too simple and dull.We may have different opinions in organizing class activities.Whats more, I have some experience in accompanying foreign friends.102022/9/29答案102022/9/27四、宾语1.概念宾语是动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词和介词的后面。2.作宾语的词可以用作宾

11、语的有：名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词和从句等，一般用波浪线“”标出。2019全国卷书面表达So I am writing this letter asking to be a volunteer.(名词作宾语)2019全国卷书面表达Im glad to tell you that a Chinese classical music concert will be held in the music hall of our school on November 8th. (从句作宾语)112022/9/29四、宾语1.概念112022/9/272018全国卷书面表达Dont forget t

12、o praise your friend for the delicious foods he offers.(不定式作宾语)用波浪线“”标出下列句子的宾语。Ive already written the application letter and personal resume.Suddenly he thought of seeing the beautiful views of the city again before setting out.Im sorry to hear that you are going to return to your country very soon

13、.I plan to go for an outing，and I would like to invite you to participate.122022/9/292018全国卷书面表达Dont forget t答案Ive already written the application letter and personal resume.Suddenly he thought of seeing the beautiful views of the city again before setting out.Im sorry to hear that you are going to

14、return to your country very soon.I plan to go for an outing，and I would like to invite you to participate.132022/9/29答案132022/9/27五、表语1.表语与前面的系动词一起构成复合谓语(系表结构)，用来说明主语的特征、类属、状态、身份等。2.可以用作表语的有：名词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、分词和从句等，一般用虚线“”标出。My name is Li Hua.(名词作表语)My aim is to let China go to the world and

15、 let the world understand China.(不定式作表语)Thats why I think the trip along the Yangtze will be a better choice.(从句作表语)We are confident that we can win this competition. (形容词作表语)142022/9/29五、表语1.表语与前面的系动词一起构成复合谓语(系表结构)用虚线“”标出下列句子的表语。2017全国卷书面表达It is a Chinese folk art with a long history.2017高考浙江卷书面表达A

16、t eight on the morning of October 1, we are to gather at the school gate.2016全国卷书面表达The theme of the show is environmental protection.The most important thing is to learn to control your temper so that you may not do or say anything youll regret.152022/9/29用虚线“”标出下列句子的表语。152022/9/27答案It is a Chinese

17、 folk art with a long history.At eight on the morning of October 1, we are to gather at the school gate.The theme of the show is environmental protection.The most important thing is to learn to control your temper so that you may not do or say anything youll regret.162022/9/29答案162022/9/27六、定语1.定语是用

18、来描述名词的品质与特征的修饰语，它常和名词构成名词短语。单个词作定语时常放在被修饰词之前，而短语和从句作定语时往往放在被修饰词之后。2.以用作定语的有：形容词、名词、代词、数词、副词、介词短语、不定式、动名词、分词和从句等，加红标出。Im sure it is a good chance to perform your favorite music. (形容词作定语)The exhibition will be held in the City Museum located in the north of our city.(分词作定语)172022/9/29六、定语1.定语是用来描述名词的品

19、质与特征的修饰语，它常和名Im a Chinese student who is taking a summer course in London now. (从句作定语)用加红标出下列句子的定语。2019全国卷书面表达Im deeply convinced that I can be a devoted volunteer.2019全国卷书面表达Im writing to tell you something about the upcoming volleyball tournament, which is scheduled to be held in the new stadium n

20、ext month.2019北京卷书面表达As for clothes, sunprotective coats and hats would be necessary.All the books offered by the students are reported to have been sent to the children in the countryside the other day.182022/9/29Im a Chinese student who is 答案Im deeply convinced that I can be a devoted volunteer.Im

21、 writing to tell you something about the upcoming volleyball tournament, which is scheduled to be held in the new stadium next month.As for clothes, sunprotective coats and hats would be necessary.All the books offered by the students are reported to have been sent to the children in the countryside

22、 the other day.192022/9/29答案192022/9/27七、状语1.状语动词、形容词、副词或句子的修饰语状语是用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子的一种成分。2.可以用作状语的有：副词、名词、数词、形容词、介词、短语、不定式、分词、独立主格和从句等，一般用加蓝标出。2019全国卷书面表达Having known that a traditional Chinese painting exhibition will be held at the gallery in London during the summer holiday, Im extremely excited

23、.(分词短语做状语)202022/9/29七、状语1.状语动词、形容词、副词或句子的修饰语20202018全国卷书面表达To get a good seat for seeing a film, youd better arrive a bit earlier.(不定式短语作状语)2019北京卷书面表达If you want a deep experience in the city, shared bikes would be the best choice.(从句作状语)2019全国卷书面表达Looking forward to seeing you soon. (副词作状语)212022

24、/9/292018全国卷书面表达To get a good 用加蓝标出下列句子的状语。After a weeks trip, he returned home，tired but very happy.高考北京卷书面表达To solve this problem, my classmates and I discussed it and came up with a suggestion and later reported to the headmaster.2019全国卷书面表达So, please come to our school gym at 6：00 pm and we trai

25、n together.2017全国卷书面表达Visiting this exhibition, we will not only enjoy the folk art works, but also learn a lot.222022/9/29用加蓝标出下列句子的状语。222022/9/27答案After a weeks trip, he returned home，tired but very happy.To solve this problem, my classmates and I discussed it and came up with a suggestion and lat

26、er reported to the headmaster.So, please come to our school gym at 6：00 pm and we train together.Visiting this exhibition, we will not only enjoy the folk art works, but also learn a lot.232022/9/29答案232022/9/27八、补足语1.补足语是用来说明宾语或主语的性质、状态等的一种句子成分。(1)补充说明主语意义的句子成分叫作主语补足语；(2)补充说明宾语意义的句子成分叫作宾语补足语。2.可以用作

27、补足语的有：形容词、副词、名词、介词短语、不定式、分词和从句等。The president appointed John Manager of Marketing.(名词作宾补)总裁任命约翰为营销部经理。Well try our best to make our country more and more beautiful.(形容词作宾补)242022/9/29八、补足语1.补足语是用来说明宾语或主语的性质、状态等的一种标出下列句子的补足语。Popular science books can help us students to become more interested in scie

28、nce and nature.To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English spoken as much as possible.2016全国卷书面表达I hope the change will not cause you too much trouble.252022/9/29标出下列句子的补足语。252022/9/27答案Popular science books can help us students to become more interested in science and nature

29、.To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English spoken as much as possible.I hope the change will not cause you too much trouble.262022/9/29答案262022/9/27九、同位语1.对句子中的名词或代词做进一步解释、说明，与前面的成分在语法上处于同等地位的句子成分叫作同位语。2.可以用作同位语的有：名词、代词、数词、介词短语、不定式、动名词和从句等。2019天津卷书面表达Im Li Jin, a student at

30、 Chenguang High School.(名词短语作同位语)2017高考天津卷书面表达There is no doubt that I will improve its reputation through my efforts.(从句作同位语)272022/9/29九、同位语1.对句子中的名词或代词做进一步解释、说明，与前面Personally, I prefer the tour along the Yangtze, the longest river and one of the mother rivers of Chinese civilization.(名词作同位语)标出下列句

31、子的同位语。They three want to travel around the world together on foot.We are going to the local nursing home for the coming Double Ninth Festival, a holiday for us to show our respect for the elderly.I hold the opinion that we should go to help them (to) overcome the present difficulty.282022/9/29Personally, I prefer the tour答案They three want to travel ar