高档酒店外国经理人工作中的语言障碍研究 工商管理专业

1、高档酒店外国经理人工作中的语言障碍研究摘要：随着经济全球化的不断发展,跨文化交流活动变得越来越频繁。来自不同国家和地区，有着不同家庭背景和思想观念的人们在一起工作成为一种正常的情况。这导致了语言障碍问题的产生。在高档酒店工作的外国经理人经常遇到语言障碍问题。语言障碍给外国经理人的工作带来了很多的麻烦。本篇论文具体介绍了语言障碍产生的原因，语言障碍所造成的影响以及解决语言障碍问题的方法。关键词：高档酒店; 跨文化交流；语言障碍A Study of Language Barriers in the Work of Foreign Managers in Upscale Hotels Abstrac

2、t: With the continuous development of economic globalization, cross-cultural communication has get more and more frequent. It has become a normal situation that people with different family backgrounds and ideas, coming from different countries and regions work together. It caused the language barri

3、ers. The foreign managers who are working in the upscale hotels often encounter the language barriers. They bring about a number of trouble for the foreign managers work. The thesis specifically introduces the causes of language barriers, the influence of language barriers and ways to solve the lang

4、uage barriers.Key words: Upscale Hotels; Cross-culture Communication; Language BarriersContents TOC o 1-2 h z u HYPERLINK l _Toc448958207 1 Introduction1 HYPERLINK l _Toc448958208 2 Causes of Language Barriers 页 共 14 页IntroductionWith the acceleration of the process of world economic integration and

5、 the continuous development of economic globalization, business communication activities have emerged among people of different cultural backgrounds. At the same time, cross-cultural communication has become more and more frequent. In this process, when people with different family backgrounds and i

6、deas, from different countries and regions, work together, there are always many inappropriate situations. It also makes the language barriers become a common phenomenon. The resulting collisions and conflicts are unavoidable in the process of cross-cultural communication. This problem also exists i

7、n upscale hotels. Since foreign managers have different cultural backgrounds, they always encounter various problems in their work. The failure of many transnational corporations shows that cultural adaptation and cultural conflict resolution are important factors to successful transnational operati

8、ons. Therefore, it is very important to find a solution according to the problems brought about by cross-cultural communication.Language is inseparable from culture, and different cultural languages are bound to bear the imprint of their own national culture and are rich in the unique connotations o

9、f their own national culture. Cross-cultural communication is not only the exchange of two languages, but also the exchange of two cultures. Due to differences in culture and language, there are various obstacles in cross-cultural communication for foreign managers. According to studies, cultural di

10、fferences inevitably lead to language barriers in cross-cultural communication. Therefore, in order to reduce the language barriers arising from work, and enhance cross-cultural understanding, it is particularly important to learn different cultural knowledge and strengthen cultural communication. A

11、s the main media of human information exchange, language is also a tool for human beings to abstractly think and describe the world. Different cultures have different language systems. Language is not only an integral part of culture, but also helps mankind to create a new culture. Every aspect of h

12、uman life is influenced by culture and changes with culture. Each culture has a certain language model and reflects a certain behavior. Therefore, for foreign managers working in upscale hotels, in order to avoid misunderstandings, they need to understand the knowledge of cross-cultural communicatio

13、n and conduct effective communication so as to establish a good relationship. On the basis of this, recognizing differences and improving cross-cultural communication skills can help foreign managers reduce language barriers. Cross-cultural business communication is a sign of the development of mode

14、rn society. With the acceleration of economic development in various countries in the world, the process of cooperation between countries and the speed of international economic integration has accelerated. More importantly, cross-cultural business communication has become inevitable. Cross-cultural

15、 communication is not only a diplomatic need but also a business need. In large companies like upscale hotels, cross-cultural business communication occurs every day. However, through the increasingly frequent cross-cultural business communication at this level, it can be found that the difficulty o

16、f cross-cultural communication is also increasing, and barriers to cross-cultural business communication have formed an insurmountable gap. These problems often arise, mainly because cross-cultural exchanges face various backgrounds of different countries and regions, such as peoples different growi

17、ng environments, different historical, geographical, political, economic, legal, and cultural backgrounds. In order to reduce the occurrence of such incidents, research and discussion on language barriers in business communication have become an effective way to strengthen cooperation and communicat

18、ion among employees and improve the work efficiency.To master foreign culture and communication skills as much as possible during the exchange process will help strengthen the fluency of business exchanges between the two countries. It is a normal phenomenon that communication barriers exist in cros

19、s-cultural business communication activities. Foreign managers must reduce language barriers as much as possible so that they can better communicate with colleagues of different cultural backgrounds in their work and achieve smooth work.This article starts with cross-cultural communication, analyzes

20、 the causes of language barriers encountered by foreign managers in upscale hotels, and proposes solutions. The purpose is to help foreign managers strengthen communication and cooperation with employees from different cultures and to reduce the incidence of language barriers encountered in the work

21、. 2 Causes of Language BarriersIn the work, employees from different nationalities and cultures have different understandings of the same word, the same phrase, and the same sentence. This results from their unique geographical environment, historical culture, language habits and other factors influ

22、encing their language expressions. There are many causes that lead to language barriers. This thesis explores the causes of language barriers encountered by foreign managers in upscale hotels from five perspectives, the differences in the geographical environment and cultural backgrounds, the differ

23、ences in the understanding of the vocabulary, the differences in the culture and expression habits, the differences in the thinking and way of expression and the differences in the order of speech. 2.1 Differences in the Geographic Locations and Cultural BackgroundsDue to geographical differences, t

24、he language represents different ethnic characteristics and cultural information. Since ancient times, since Britain is surrounded by lakes, it has attached importance to the seafaring industry and many terms in peoples lives come from navigation. This also indirectly results in the language of the

25、English language with obvious features of marine culture, such as the “old man of sea” (difficult to get rid of the characters), “to drink like a fish” (to drink like cattle), “old whale” (old sailor) and so on. While the Han civilization originated from the Yellow River valley, that is, the traditi

26、onal Central Plains area. The land here is vast and the soil is fertile. Peoples lives are inseparable from the land. Many Chinese characters are related to the land. From this, it can be seen easily due to the different geographical environment, peoples perspectives and ways of observing and descri

27、bing the objective world are completely different.Comparing English with Chinese, thanks to differences in geographical location and cultural background, there are obvious differences. By comparing the two languages as a whole, it can be seen that the structure of Chinese is loose and the sentence s

28、tructure is not strict. It must be through intention that one can realize their connotations. However, English is more logical. Compared to Chinese, the sentence structure of English is more rigorous and English has strict grammatical norms.Culture is the sum of beliefs, customs, values, institution

29、s, behaviors and modes of thinking passed down, acquired, and shared from generation to generation. People always live in culture. It is a direct embodiment of peoples ideas and values. In the same word, the images and associations reflected in the minds of people with different cultural backgrounds

30、 are with great difference. Culture influences language and determines features of language. That is to say, different cultures lead to language differences and cultural differences are reflected and solidified in language.Foreign managers working in upscale hotels will notice the fact that because

31、of the cultural differences existing in the cultural groups of China and the United States, if they do not have the necessary relevant cultural background knowledge, even if their Chinese literature is learned well, they cannot fully and accurately express their own thoughts, and at the same time, t

32、hey cannot also fully and accurately understand the deep cultural connotations of colleagues discourse.From the above analysis it can be seen that cultural differences can cause differences in the way people with different cultures recognize and think about the world. Embodied in language is the con

33、notation of the character and differences in the emotional performance. Due to the existence of cultural differences, the two sides have deep language barriers in cross-cultural communication. Therefore, if one is to overcome this deep level of language barriers, at least one of the parties involved

34、 in the communication must go deep into the culture of the other party and use the other partys cultural model to think and consider the problem.2.2 For the connotation of the vocabulary, language is a part of culture, and vocabulary is the basic element of language. The vocabulary and culture have

35、a very close relationship. Therefore, the most prominent part of cultural differences is in this level of vocabulary. The cultural connotation of vocabulary is related to the context it is used. Some words are often used in certain occasions and gradually produce a symbolic meaning, and this can be

36、seen both in English and Chinese. In English, first of all, some words like foxes, their indicative meaning and cultural connotation correspond to or are the same as those of Chinese. Secondly, some words like “family”, their reference meanings are the same as those of Chinese but their cultural con

37、notations are only partially identical. The word family is specifically used to refer to couples and children in English. It does not usually include the previous generation. However, in Chinese the previous generation even the previous several generations are included. Finally, some words have the

38、same meaning but different cultural connotations, such as “dragon”. In Han culture, it is an auspicious object and a symbol of rights. But in British and American cultures, dragons represent the evil. If it is not clearly realized that the symbolic meaning of the Anglo-American culture for dragon is

39、 completely different from that of Han culture, it will cause considerable misunderstanding. Without a certain amount of cross-cultural background knowledge as a basis, one simply cannot make a correct understanding of it. Therefore, one must be good at comparing, analyzing and summarizing the corre

40、sponding vocabulary and culture of English and Chinese from the level of culture, and finally find the differences between the two.English and Chinese cultures also show obvious differences in the way they think and express themselves. In Han culture, when people think about a problem, the modes of

41、thinking and expression are from concrete to abstract, from specific to general. However, ethnic cultures such as the United States are not the same. In most cases, their thinking and expression modes are from abstract to concrete, from individual to general.Western cultural thinking modes focus on

42、logic and analysis. However, Chinese people often pay special attention to intuition and pay attention to the feelings in the process of understanding. In the process of communication, Chinese people often use their own thoughts to speculate on the ideas of others. Compared with Westerners thinking

43、mode, this kind of thinking mode of the Chinese people is very easy to form thinking set. Essentially, this kind of thinking tends to ignore individual differences, which has a subjective emotional color. This difference is also one of the causes of the existence of language barriers.Chinese people

44、have more curvilinear thinking, and Americans have more linear thinking. Therefore, the Chinese will revolve around the central theme and gradually approach the theme from different perspectives. This has resulted in a negligible Chinese communication style. And Americans will cut directly into the

45、subject and solve problems directly. The Chinese tend to be more specific in their descriptions, paying attention to external manifestations, and pay attention to what people do and how they do it. Chinese prefer to rely on intuition to make choices. Americans focus on the functionality and practica

46、lity of thinking. They rely more on digital and linguistic information to make things easier and attach great importance to efficiency. The curvilinear thinking of the Chinese is largely due to the consideration of polite norms. In the course of daily communication, Chinese people tend to take into

47、account their respective status and maintain a peaceful state as much as possible, emphasizing the principle of harmonious and friendly interpersonal communication. Chinese people are not used to direct expression. Even if there are conflicts of interest, they will be expressed more euphemistically

48、or they will shift topics. When other peoples demands are contrary to their own wishes, considering the face problem, the Chinese usually do not directly refuse in person and they will choose to maintain friendly relations between the two parties. Westerners daily interactions are more relaxing and

49、informal. Meetings and conversations often go straight to the topic. They do not consider too much about the differences in the status of the two sides, do not pay much attention to the external forms, but pay attention to the inner essence. With regard to conflicting opinions, Westerners will direc

50、tly express their opinions and positions. Because in the eyes of the Westerners, if the answer to the question is ambiguous, concealment is a kind of hypocrisy and represents lack of self-confidence.Cultural differences between English and Chinese are also reflected in the order of speech and the ac

51、ceptance of context. The English and Chinese cultures have not only obvious differences at the start and the end of conversation, but also in the process of conversation. During the conversation, there are obvious differences in the topic changes, discourse connection, and transitional methods. When

52、 British and American people call Chinese, they are often not used to the way of speaking that Chinese make phone calls. For example, if the receiver is an Anglo-American person, after connecting the phone, first they will introduce themselves and tell other side own name, the name of own company an

53、d position they held, and then start talking. This has become their customary practice. It has been agreed upon and formed their cultural characteristics. The Chinese, who is the receiver on the phone, will first ask the other person who they are, who they want to talk with, what the matter is, etc.

54、 However, they will not let the other party know who the other party is talking with and whether they are making a wrong call. There is a story that a Chinese is talking to an American. When they talked about another friend, the Chinese say, “He is very busy, in fact.” The American immediately stopp

55、ed the words he was about to say. He waited for the Chinese to finish his words. This is because the expression in fact in English is often used to prompt the following. The Chinese thought he had finished his words and waited for the other persons reaction. Many foreign managers also encountered si

56、milar situations during their work. The situations are often reflected in conversations with Chinese employees. Sometimes when they are talking, the Chinese will not give any clues and suddenly end the conversation without the other party being prepared. However, most Chinese overlook this detail.mp

57、acts of Language BarriersAfter recognizing the causes of language barriers in the work of foreign managers in upscale hotels, it also needs to realize that language barriers bring about a number of problems for foreign managers, even for the normal operation of upscale hotels. On the one hand, in th

58、e exchanges of normal work, because of the existence of language barriers, foreign managers cannot effectively communicate with employees from other cultural backgrounds. It will also cause misunderstandings between each other, which will greatly reduce work efficiency. On the other hand, there are

59、inevitable problems with language barriers among employees, which will also cause trouble for the business management of upscale hotels.To some extent, from another point of view, the problem of language barriers has its own unique advantages. Through the understanding of different cultures and the

60、awareness of the causes of the existence of language barriers, foreign managers can broaden their horizons, increase their experience, and develop their ability to surpass their own culture and adapt to a new cultural environment. At the same time, foreign managers can deepen relationship with other