中考英语复习专题：简单句-(共48张)课件

1、语法专题突破 简单句语法专题突破 命题点1 五大基本句型命题点2 疑问句命题点3 感叹句命题点4 倒装句命题点5 祈使句命题点1 五大基本句型命题点2 疑问句命题点3 五大基本句型的句型结构及特点如下：句型结构特点SV(主谓)谓语动词(不及物动词)能表达完整的意思。SLinkVP(主系表)谓语动词不能表达完整的意思，必须加表语构成复合谓语，表达完整意思。SVO(主谓宾)谓语动词具有实义，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟一个宾语，才能使意思完整。五大基本句型的句型结构及特点如下：句型结构特点SV谓语动词SVOIOD(主谓间宾直宾)谓语动词必须有两个宾语才能表达完整意思。间接宾语一般为人，直接宾语为物

2、。SVOC(主谓宾宾补)动词虽为及物动词，但只加一个宾语不能表达完整意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。SVOIOD谓语动词必须有两个宾语才能表达完整意思。间综合提升1. 我有一个玩具猫。 _2. 这张床摸起来既柔软又舒服。 _3. 我需要在字典里查阅这些新单词。 _ I have a toy cat.This bed feels soft and comfortable. I need to look up these new words in the dictionary.综合提升1. 我有一个玩具猫。I have a toy c如：Time flies. 时间飞逝。 S

3、 VThe dinner smells delicious. 晚餐闻起来很美味。 S Link-V PThey ate some apples. 他们吃了一些苹果。 S V OI showed her my pictures. 我给她展示了我的照片。 S V OI ODThey painted the door white. S V O C他们把门漆成白色。如：他们把门漆成白色。4. 他性格外向，并且喜欢交朋友。 5. 我想邀请他参加我们的俱乐部。 _6. 他的父亲总是鼓励他勇敢面对失败。 _ He is outgoing and likes making friends.I want to

4、invite him to join our club.His father always encourages him to face the failure bravely.4. 他性格外向，并且喜欢交朋友。He is outgoi You are supposed to make good use of your free time to take exercise. _ I usually play baseball with my younger brother on weekends. _12. Eating enough fruit and vegetables is a goo

5、d way to keep healthy. _你应该充分利用你的闲暇时间去锻炼。我通常和我弟弟在周末打棒球。吃足够的水果和蔬菜是保持健康的一个好方法。 You are supposed to make goo7. The teacher asks us to answer questions in English. _8. Early to bed and early to rise is a good habit. _9. To save time is to live longer. _老师要求我们用英语回答问题。早睡早起是个好习惯。节约时间就是延长生命。7. The teacher a

6、sks us to answ一般疑问句（2015.26）概 念形 式例 句常用yes，no来回答的疑问句Be主语其他？Is she from England? 她来自英格兰吗？Yes, she is. 是的，她是。一般疑问句（2015.26）概 念形 式例 句常用yes，命题点2 疑问句考法精讲 特殊疑问句（4次）、一般疑问句（1次）和反意疑问句（1次）在近8年衡阳中考中均有涉及。且疑问句的问与答是解答回答问题型阅读技能的核心，考生应格外注意该命题点。命题点2 疑问句考法精讲 特殊疑问句（4次）、一般疑问特殊疑问句（2016.27，2012.30，2010.19、32）概念特殊疑问词及用法以特

7、殊疑问词开头的疑问句统称为特殊疑问句。特殊疑问句的结构较为简单，即“特殊疑问词一般疑问句”。who询问身份which询问特定的人或物what询问职业或身份when询问时间where询问地点、位置why询问原因how询问方式 特殊疑问句（2016.27，2012.30，2010.19常用yes，no来回答的疑问句情态动词主语动词原形其他？Must I finish the report today? 我今天必须完成报告吗？ Yes, you must.是的，你必须。助动词主语动词原形/过去分词其他？ Did she like dancing when she was young? 她小时候喜欢跳

8、舞吗？Have you been to Tibet? 你去过西藏吗？常用yes，情态动词Must I finish the r 反意疑问句（2010.23） 1.反意疑问句的用法 （1）反意疑问句除要求前后句人称相同、动词相同、时态相同外，还需遵循“前肯后否，前否后肯”的原则。即陈述部分为肯定时，疑问部分为否定；陈述部分为否定时，疑问部分为肯定。如： 反意疑问句（2010.23）How词组小结常见how词组含义及用法how long多长时间(提问时间段)how often多久一次(对频率提问)how soon多久以后(对in短语提问)how many多少(修饰可数名词)how much多少(修

9、饰不可数名词)；多少钱(提问价格)how far多远(提问距离)how old多大(提问年龄)How词组小结常见how词组含义及用法how long多长 （3）以Lets开头的反意疑问句，疑问部分用shall we;以Let us开头的反意疑问句，疑问部分用will you。如： Lets go and play basketball, shall we?咱们去打篮球，好吗？ Let us have a rest, will you?让我们休息一下，好吗？ （3）以Lets开头的反意疑问句，疑问部分用shall Its Fathers Day today, isnt it？今天是父亲节，不是吗

10、？ （2）当陈述部分带有seldom, hardly, rarely, never, few, little, nobody, nowhere, nothing等否定词或半否定词时，疑问部分应用肯定形式。如： The car has hardly been cleaned for a few days, has it? 这辆车几乎很多天没洗了，对吗？ Its Fathers Day today, iHe didnt go to the meeting, did he? 他没有参加这次会议, 是吗？Yes, he did. 不, 他参加了。He didnt go to the meeting,

11、2.对反意疑问句的回答 对反意疑问句的回答, 不管陈述部分是肯定句还是否定句, 若事实是肯定的, 答语就要用yes；事实是否定的, 答语就要用no。注意在“前否后肯”的反意疑问句的答语中, yes意为“不”, no意为“是”。如： 2.对反意疑问句的回答 选择疑问句不用yes或no回答, 可用完整的陈述句或其简略形式作答, 也可用不定代词all, either, neither或none作答, 只要根据实际情况回答便可。如： 选择疑问句不用yes或no回答, 可用完整的陈选择疑问句概念形式对问题给出两个或两个以上答案， 供对方选择其一的疑问句一般疑问句or选择项？特殊疑问句选择项or选择项？选

12、择疑问句概念形式对问题给出两个或两个以上答案， 供对方选综合提升衡阳8年真题面对面13. (2016年27题改编)W_ not invite Tom and Sally to the party tonight? Good idea. Ill give them a call right now.14. (2015年26题改编)_ (do) you _ to Nanhu Park a week ago? Yes. We had a good time there.hyDid go综合提升衡阳8年真题面对面13. (2016年27题改编) Which subject do you like be

13、tter, Chinese or English? 你更喜欢哪个学科，语文还是英语？ Neither. Because I like math very much.都不。因为我非常喜欢数学。 Which subject do you like (2010年23题改编)Amy put her books away just now, _ she? Yes, I saw her do it.18. (2011年67题)Can you give any other ways to study? _didnt你能给我其他的学习的方法吗？ (2010年23题改编)Amy put her boo15. (

14、2012年30题改编)_ is the population of China? Its about 1.3 billion.16. (2010年19题改编)_ does Wang Han do? He is a host. He works in Hunan TV station.WhatWhat 15. (2012年30题改编)_ is t22. _ do you usually go to work? By subway. But sometimes I go to work by bus.23. _ will you fly to Beijing? In two days. 24. D

15、avid never fights with his classmates, _？HowHow soondoes he22. _ do you usually 2018预测19. _ you ever been to Lijiang? No, I havent.20. _ are you leaving for Shanghai? Next week. 21. _ do you think of the book I bought yesterday? I think it is interesting.HaveWhen What2018预测19. _ you ever You didnt f

16、ind the owner of the books, did you? _. So I gave them to our teacher.29. _ blouse is this? It must belong to Alice. I saw she wear it yesterday.30. Are you a student _ a teacher? Im a teacher.No, I didnt Whoseor You didnt find the owner o Which do you like best, coffee, water or juice? _. I only li

17、ke tea. _ do you learn to speak English? By practicing it with my partner every day. _ do you usually share happiness with? My parents and my best friends.NoneHowWho/Whom Which do you like best, cof形式结构例句WhatWhat a /an形容词可数名词单数形式(主语谓语)！What a beautiful present (it is)！(它是)多么漂亮的一份礼物啊！What形容词可数名词复数形式(

18、主语谓语)！What interesting books (they are)！(它们是)多么有趣的书啊！What形容词不可数名词(主语谓语)！(2015.21)What nice music(it is)！(它是)多么美妙的音乐啊！形式结构例句WhatWhat a /an形容词可数名词命题点3 感叹句考法精讲 衡阳中考对感叹句仅在单项选择中考查过1次。考查“What+形容词+不可数名词”的用法。常见what和how引导的感叹句结构如下：命题点3 感叹句考法精讲 衡阳中考对感叹句仅在单项选综合提升衡阳8年真题面对面31. (2015年21题改编)_ terrible news! Three o

19、f us didnt pass the exam.2018预测32. _ important it is for kids to imagine freely!WhatHow综合提升衡阳8年真题面对面31. (2015年21题改编)HowHow形容词/副词(主语谓语)！How fine the weather is！天气真好啊！How well he plays the violin！他小提琴拉得多好啊！How形容词a /an可数名词单数(主语谓语)！How careful a girl (she is)！(她是)多么细心的一个女孩啊！How主语谓语！How time flies！时间过得真快

20、啊！HowHow形容词/副词(主语谓语)！How fine What a useful dictionary it is! Its very helpful for English study. _ _36. How nervous the girl was! She could not fall asleep all night. _多么有用的一本词典啊！它对英语学习非常有帮助。这个女孩多么紧张啊！她整晚都无法入睡。 What a useful dictionary it Jane used to be weak in English learning, but now she is goo

21、d at it. _ great progress she has made! 对一个孩子来说，独自在河里游泳多么危 险啊！ _ _WhatHow dangerous it is for a child to swim alone in a river！ Jane used to be weak in Engl中主语是相同的人或物。如： Lucy dances very well. 露西舞跳得很好。 So she does. 的确如此。 2.完全倒装：so+助动词/系动词/情态动词+主语，意为 “也一样”，上下文中主语是不同的两个人或物，但发生同样的行为或状况，是表示肯定的倒装。如： 中主语是

22、相同的人或物。如：命题点4 倒装句考法精讲 衡阳近8年中考真题中，在2011年的单项选择中考查过1次“so+助动词+主语”的用法。 so引导的倒装句 1.部分倒装：so+主语+助动词/系动词/情态动词，意为“确实如此，的确如此”。该句式表示的是对前面所说的事情加以肯定，上下文命题点4 倒装句考法精讲 衡阳近8年中考真题是表示否定的倒装。如： He wasnt late for school. Neither/Nor was I. 他上学没迟到。我也没有。衡阳8年真题面对面综合提升37. (2011年26题改编)Peter, I will visit our teacher this Sunda

23、y. _ will I. Lets go together.So是表示否定的倒装。如：衡阳8年真题面对面综合提升37. ( Her mother is a warm-hearted lady. So is my mother. 她妈妈是一位热心肠的女士。我妈妈也是。neither/nor引导的倒装句 neither/nor+助动词/系动词/情态动词+主语，意为 “也不”，上下文中是不同的两个人或物，所做的行为或所处的状况一样， Her mother is a warm-hear命题点5 祈使句考法精讲 近8年衡阳真题中，对祈使句单独考查了3次，且均以句子翻译中的英译汉形式进行考查。常见的需要考

24、生熟记的祈使句的结构有以下两种形式：命题点5 祈使句考法精讲 近8年衡阳真题中，对祈使句2018预测 Hengyang is a really comfortable city to live in. _ (的确如此)，and its worldfamous for Mount Heng. I dont understand the story in the new unit. What about you, Bob? _. (我也不明白)So it isNeither/Nor do I2018预测 Hengyang is a really 否定形式结构例句Dont动词原形Dont let t

25、hem play with fire.Let sb.not动词原形Lets not make noise here.Let Mary not come here.No名词/v.ingNo photos！No smoking!(常用于公共场合的提示语中)Never动词原形Never be late for school！否定形式结构例句Dont动词原形Dont let t肯定形式结构例句动词原形其他Stand up！Sit down, please！Beadj.Be careful！Be quiet, please！Let sb.动词原形Lets go to school！肯定形式结构例句动词原形其他Stand up！Sit d B_ kind and helpful to the people around us, and we will make the world a nicer place to live in.44. _ (敲) at the door before you enter my room, pleas