高考英语名词(高考名词专题复习)课件最终版

1、高考语法复习系列二名 词.精品课件.1名词专有名词(Proper Nouns)普通名词(Common Nouns)个体名词(Individual Nouns)集体名词(Collective Nouns)物质名词(Material Nouns)抽象名词(Abstract Nouns)不可数名词(Uncountable Nouns)可数名词(Countable Nouns).精品课件.21. 可数名词的复数给出下列名词的复数形式 policeman child mouse tooth foot potato hero leaf shelf roof life baby monkey branch

2、thief mosquitopolicemenchildrenmiceteethfeetpotatoesheroesleavesshelvesroofslivesbabiesmonkeysbranchesthievesmosquitoes.精品课件.3 watch lady fox fly brush tomato inch half kilo piano calf passer-by go-between grown-up girl friend sister-in-law man servant looker-onwatchesladiesfoxesfliesbrushestomatoes

3、incheshalveskilospianoscalvespassers-bygo-betweensgrown-upsgirl friendssisters-in-lawmen servantslookers-on.精品课件.4I.可数名词的复数变法情况加法例词一般情况以s,x,ch,sh,结尾的词以辅音y结尾的词以辅音+o 结尾的词以f或fe结尾的词加-s加-es去y加-ies多数加-es 把f/fe改成vesBrothers;schoolsBuses; watches; dishesLadies; countriesHeroes; tomatoesHalves; leaves.精品课件.5

4、不规则名词单复数变化:（1）单复数同形:sheep, deer, fish, means, species, works(工厂), aircraft, spacecraft, Chinese, Japanese, Swiss （2）改变字母：man -men, woman -women, policeman -policemen, saleswoman -saleswomen, foot -feet, tooth -teeth, goose -geese, Mouse -Mice , phenomenon -phenomena 另： penny （pence或 pennies）（3）增加字母:

5、 child -children, ox -oxen.精品课件.6（4）以o结尾的词： 加s: photo, radio, piano, zoo, studio, bamboo, tobacco 加es: tomato, potato, hero 另：zero （zeros或 zeroes） （5）以f或fe结尾的词: 直接加s：roof, proof, belief, chief, gulf, 变f为v再加es：life, wife, knife, half, leaf, wolf, thief 另外：handkerchief （handkerchiefs或handkerchieves） b

6、eef（beeves菜牛 、beefs怨言；牢骚）.精品课件.7(6) 合成名词的复数形式： 将合成名词中的主体名词变为复数： looker(s)-on, passer(s)-by, mother(s)-in-law 将最后一部分变为复数： grown-up(s), go-between(s) (中间人）， good-for-nothing(s) (无用之人） 含boy, girl, lady等的合成的名词： 它们始终为单数，其后的名词则用复数形式。 如： boy students, girl friends, lady drivers 含man或 woman的合成名词： 它们随其后名词单复数

7、的变化而变化。如： a man doctor, two men doctors .精品课件.8A名词只能用复数形式的短语：do exercises （做操）take notes (做笔记）take turns （轮流）make repairs （搞修理）change trains （改换火车）make friends with （交朋友）shake hands with (握手）as follows （如下）in rags （衣衫褴褛）in dozens （成打的）.精品课件.9B有些名词单复数形式含义特别常见woods works waters clothes customs manners

8、 sands spirits feelings goods papers surroundings games forces times looks arms conditions Instructions（森林)（工厂）(水域)(衣服)(海关)(礼貌)(沙滩)(精神,烈酒)(感情)(货物)(报纸,文件)(环境)(运动会)(军队)(时代)(外表)(武器)(形式,情况)(说明).精品课件.10II.不可数名词的”数”1. 抽象名词表示具有某种特性、状态、感情情绪的人或事。如：抽象名词（不可数） 具体化（个体名词，可数名词）in surprise惊讶地 a surprise一件令人惊讶的事win

9、success获得成功 a success一个(件)成功的人(事)win honor赢得荣誉 an honor一个(件)引以为荣的(事)Failure(失败)is the mother of success 失败是成功之母。a failure失败者by experience靠经验 an experience一次经历youth青春 a youth一个青年人have pity on sb.怜悯某人 a pity可惜的事情with pleasure乐意 a pleasure乐事.精品课件.112. 抽象名词与a(an)连用，淡化了抽象概念，转化为似乎可以体验到的动作、行为或类别。如：A knowle

10、dge of English is a must in international trade.Would you like to have a walk (swim, bath, talk) with me?It is a waste of time reading such a novel.She made an apology to her mother for her wrong doings. .精品课件.123. 物质名词有前置定语修饰时，前面要使用不定冠词。 have breakfast have a wonderful breakfast The road is covered

11、 with snow. They have a heavy snow every year. Time and tide wait for no man. We had a wonderful time last night.精品课件.134.有些物质名词以复数形式出现，表示数量之多，范围之广。如：The boy burst into tears at the bad news.The rising waters did a lot of harm to the crops.The stone bridge broke down in heavy rains.精品课件.14常见的不可数名词pr

12、ogress advice funinformation furniture workbaggage luggage news jewelry weather paper (纸张) equipment trouble knowledge homework.精品课件.15有复数形式的不可数名词有些抽象名词往往以复数形式出现，起到一种丰富语言感情色彩或强调某种特殊状态的作用。如：Use your brains, please.They have smoothed away the difficulties.Have you made preparations for tomorrows meeti

13、ng?Many thanks for your kindness.No pains, no gains.After many failures, they finally succeeded.精品课件.16III. 名词单复数的特殊情况:(1) 集体名词只用作复数： police , cattle , people , poultry, the youth(2) 集体名词用作不可数名词: clothing, jewellery, furniture, luggage (baggage), machinery, wealth(3) 集体名词视具体情况而定单复数： family, class, p

14、opulation, staff, crew, couple, public, group, team, party, club, company, government, committee, audience, enemy(4) 只有复数形式的名词: clothes, trousers, jeans, twins, glasses, compasses, scissors, goods ,thanks, wishes, wages, tears, troops, forces, resources.精品课件.17(5) 以s结尾但不表示复数: mathematics, physics, p

15、olitics, statistics, news, woods(森林), works(工厂)(6) 有没有s结尾意义不同： glass glasses, cloth clothes, work works, water waters, wood woods, goodgoods, time times(时代), paper papers(论文), green greens(青菜), custom customs(海关), spirit spirits(酒精,情绪), light lights(灯), experience experiences(经历), arm arms(武器), iron

16、 irons(镣铐,熨斗), compass(指南针) compasses(圆规), (7) 姓氏后加s并带冠词，表一家人或夫妇俩: the Greens ；the Chengs.精品课件.18(8) 名词单复数形式意义相同的短语：make faces / a face（做鬼脸）Have talks / a talk with sb.(与某人交谈）Play jokes / a joke on （拿开玩笑）Make contributions / a contribution to （为做贡献）(9)名词单复数意义不同的短语：Have a word with sb. （与某人说句话）Have w

17、ords with sb. （与某人吵架）Make cloth (织布）Make clothes （制衣）.精品课件.19名词的所有格.精品课件.20一:s型用法（有生命的所有格）有生命的所有格李平的自行车汤姆的作品 Tom and Marys father Toms and Marys fathers 2.表某人家，店铺名称，常省去所有格后的名词At Greens , at my unclesAt the tailorsLi pings bike Toms works共有各有.精品课件.21表示时间，距离，集体，城市，国家，团体，机构等todays newspaper ten minutes

18、 walkthe stations waiting room.精品课件.224.somebody,someone,who+else所有格加在else 后如果这字典不是你的，会是谁的？If this dictionary isnt yours,whoelses can it be?.精品课件.23二：of 型.Of 型（无生命名词所有格）我们学校的学生房间的窗户The students of our schoolthe window of the room2.双重属格： 既有s的属格，又有of的属格。通常s属格表示所有关系，of属格表示部分与整体的关系。如:a friend of my fathers; a