【课件】趣味英语句子成分及基本句子类型课件 2022-2023学年高中英语人教版（2019）必修第一册

1、About SentencesI saw a cat sleeping .补主干修饰I saw a lovely cat sleeping at home. .01PARTBasic Sentences Constituents 句子成分：主谓宾，定状补，表语，同位语原始人没有语言如何交流？ 动作很重要，因为能够传递重要信息。有了语言后： 话语中的动词替代动作 传达核心信息 没有语言的时候：动作很重要，因为其能够传递核心信息一句话有几个部分组成。用来替代动作传递核心信息的部分叫谓语。01Predicate (谓语)句子中说明主语的动作的部分是谓语。谓语一般在主语之后，谓语中最重要的是谓语动词

2、(通常由实义动词充当)，它有时态，语态的变化，并受主语人称和数的影响。He plays basketball.He cant play basketball.谓语是 ? 谓语动词是 ?(1) 实义动词 (行为动词)：具有明确的动作和意义。该类动词又可以分为及物动词和不及物动词，不及物不接宾语，及物动词接宾语。I know you. He comes. 一些不及物动词之后加上介词就可以具有及物动词的功能，其后可以接宾语。这一类词组常见的比如 listen to（听）；look at（看）；look after（照看）；look for 寻 找；arrive atin（到达）He just dis

3、appeared.He attended the meeting yesterday. 【改错】When Jack came the room, everyone looked at him. 加 into(2) 助动词帮助谓语动词构成不同的时态或语态，或构成疑问句，否定句和强调句。常见助动词有be(am/is/are/was/were), do(does/did), have(has), will。1.I am playing games.2.I am killed.3.Do you like me?4.No,I do not like you.5.The policeman will fi

4、nd you.(3) 情态动词有一定词义，表说话人对某一动作或状态的态度和看法，表能力，允许，请求，必要性，可能性等。常见情态动词有can/could/may/might/should/must/would 等。I can do it.Subject (主语)02相当于句子的话题或主题，即要说明的人或物。能用来做主语的有名词，代词，动名词，动词不定式，主语从句。1.My hat is green.2.Her pen is green, and mine is red. These are my books. Who is your brother? Everything is bad.3.Ea

5、ting apples is good.4.To play games is cool.5.That Jason is cool is true.03Object (宾语)表谓语动词动作的承受对象，即：动作的承受着。英语中及物动词和介词需要带宾语。1.I like music.2.I like to play basketball.3.I like dancing. I am fond of dancing.4.I like you. I like this.5.I think that he is cool.作宾语的成分：名词，代词，不定式，动名词，从句。 I will bring you

6、the book next time. =I will bring the book to you next time. (you为间接宾语，the book为直接宾语) 有些及物动词，只接一个宾语不能表达完整的意思，还需要再加一个宾语的补足语使意思完整，这样的结构又称为复合宾语。常见的加复合宾语的动词有：make, elect, name, tell, find, think, leave等04Predicative (表语)表语在句中用来说明主语的身份职业，性质特征， 状态，方向或处所等。表语在系动词之后。1.I am a student.2.This is my book. That i

7、s yours. 3.I am happy.4.My dream is to be a doctor.5.My job is teaching English.6.The movie is interesting.7.I am interested in the book.8.That is why I want to stay here.作表语的成分有：名词，代词，形容词，不定式，动名词，分词，从句。(2) 系动词 (连系动词) 起连接主语和表语作用，本身有一定词义，它和实义动词 一样有时态变化，也受主语人称和数的影响。常见系动词：be (am/is/are/was/were); 感官：sm

8、ell, sound, taste, look, seem, feel(摸起来), appear; 变得：become/get/grow/turn/fall(变得) ;保持：remain (仍然是) ，keep/stay;1. The car is cool.2. The rose smells good.3. She becomes thinner.05Attributive (定语)修饰名词或代词的词，短语或句子叫定语。定语可前置也可后置。单个的单词作定语时，习惯上放在被修饰词之前作前置定语；短语或定语从句作定语时，习惯上作后置定语。1.A beautiful girl comes.2.I

9、 like the apple tree.3.The boy in the room is my friend.4.I go to the reading room.5.I am the first student to come to the classroom.6.A broken heart.7.An interesting book.8.I know a boy called Tom.9.The car running in the playground is my uncles car. 10.I know the boy who broke the window yesterday

10、.可作定语的有：名词，形容词，介词短语，分词(短语) ，不定式，动名词，定语从句。06Adverbial (状语)修饰动词，形容词，副词或整个句子的词，短语或从句(状语从句)叫状语。状语表示时间，地点，目的，原因，结果，条件，让步，程度，方式及伴随等。1.He plays the guitar well.2.Luckily, he won the game.3.I am very happy.4.He works hard to make money.5.I cant go there.6.In Wuhan, many people cant go out.7.Although I dont

11、have money, I still want to buy that book.8.When I have time , I will go shopping with you.9.I didnt go to school because I was ill.10. If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home.能作状语的有：副词，介词短语，分词(短语)，不定式，状语从句。07Complement (补语)英语中，一些及物动词的宾语后要加上一个补语，对宾语作进一步的补充说明名，意思才够完整和明确。该补语被称为宾补。使役动词 “make+宾语+宾补”名

12、词/代词名词/形容词/省掉to的不定式/过去分词1.We make our enemies our friends.2.You make me happy.3.You made me laugh.4.I spoke slowly to make myself understood.易混辨析：双宾语与复合宾语的区别复合宾语中的宾语和它的补足语之间有逻辑上的主谓关系，但双宾语则没有这种逻辑上的主谓关系。We call him Jack.（宾语him和宾语补足语Jack之间有逻辑上的主谓关系“他就是杰克”)He bought her a bike.（间接宾语her和直接宾语a bike不能形成逻辑上

13、的主谓关系，不能说“她是车”，因此此处为双宾语）辨析宾补和双宾We find him honest.We saw him working hard on his homework.We told him an interesting story.08Appositive (同位语)跟在抽象名词后面，对该抽象名词作进一步解释，说明的成分。常用来作同位语的有:名词，数词，不定代词 (all, each , both), 同位语从句。1. XG , a senior high school, is good.2.We four like the teacher.3.We all like XG.4.

14、I know the fact that XG is good.写出下列句子中的黑体部分所作的成分(1)The exchange students are celebrating the Christmas._(2)My duty is to make our environment better._(3)The children are swimming in the swimming pool._(4)I was glad to see the child well taken care of._(5)The building designed by her is beautiful._(

15、6)A lot of green lands have been opened to the public._(7)Scientists are carrying out experiments to test the effectiveness of the new drug._(1)主语 (2)表语 (3)状语 (4)宾补 (5)定语 (6)谓语 (7)宾语Basic Sentence Patterns 简单句的八大基本句型结构02PART主谓 (SV)01这一类型的谓语动词通常是不及物动词，不需要带宾语就能把意思说明白。The bus comes.The bus leaves.主谓+状语

16、 (SVA)02在主谓的基础上加上时间、地点、原因、条件、方式等。状语The bus comes everyday.The bus leaves if it is time to go.主谓宾 (SVO)03此时，谓语动词是及物动词，必须带宾语，才能把话说明白。I have a friend.I want to travel.主谓宾+状语 (SVOA)04在主谓宾句型的基础上补充时间，地点，原因，条件，方式等信息。I have my first class at senior high school .状语主系表 (SP)05常见系动词：be(am/is/are/was/were); 感官动词

17、：smell, sound, taste, look, seem, feel(摸起来), appear; 变得：become/get/grow/turn/fall;保持：remain（仍然是），keep/stay;3. The rose smells good.1. The car is cool.2. She keeps in shape.主+谓+间宾+直宾 (SV IO DO)06人物此时，谓语动词常为：give, bring, tell, send, leave(留), pass(传递), write, take, show, teach, get(给某人弄到某物), award (授予

18、), lend, rent(租), buy, pay, hand(递给) + sb + sth . She gives me her WeChat ID.Lend me some money !主谓宾+宾补 (SVOC)07有些及物动词加了宾语，但是意思还是没有说完整，此时还得在宾语后面再加一个宾补对宾语进行补充说明。常见带宾补的动词：feel, find, get, have, make, leave, let, keep, call, think等。The news makes the mother happy.But I think it terrible .There be 08该句型

19、可以表示“某地有(存在)某物”，或当我们不知道是谁有时，也可用该句型。There are many students in a school.1(教材P2)My name is Amy. _2(教材P3)A boy meets a girl during a break. _3(教材P6)We must act._ 4(教材P6)The teacher found the classroom empty. _5(教材P6)My mum bought me a new dictionary. _1主语系动词表语2主语谓语宾语状语3主语谓语4主语谓语宾语宾补5主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语写出下列句子的

20、基本句型1The bread tastes delicious._2I will play the soccer in the playground._3He bought me a birthday present._4I could not make him change his mind._5We finished our homework._6He got up very late._7There is some milk in the bottle._8The baby cried._Keys：1主语系动词表语2主语谓语宾语状语3主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语4主语谓语宾语宾补5主语谓语宾

21、语6主语谓语状语7there_be句型8主语谓语03PARTClassification of Sentences 句子类型他们要去和人打架他们要去和人打架，但是我不知道为什么。我想知道他们要去和谁打架英语句子三大分类：从结构上他们要去和人打架They are going to have a fight with someone.英语句子三大分类：他们要去和人打架，但是我不知道为什么。They are going to have a fight with someone, but I dont know why.I dont know why they are going to have a fight with someone.英语句子三大分类：我想知道他们要去和谁打架I wonder whom they are going to have a fight with.英语句子三大分类：英语句子三大分类：1. 简单句 2. 并列句 3. 复合句简单句： S V = 1 并列句：S V 2且由并列连词连接复合句：S V 2且由从属连词连接并列连词：并列连词主要是用来表示并列关系、转折关系、选择关系、因果推理关系等。and , but, or,