中职英语语法祈使句的用法总结课件

1、祈使句一、祈使句的分类*祈使句表请求、命令、叮嘱、邀请、劝告等。#祈使句分为第二人称祈使句及第、三人称祈使句两大类。1第二人称祈使句通常用来向听话者发出命令，提出要求或建议。这种祈使句的主语you通常不表示出来，而是以动词原形开头。如：Stand up!Dont worry about!但如果说话时有多人在场，就得把主语表示出来，或加呼语，以便指明是向谁提出请求或发出命令。如：Parents with children go the front! 带孩子的家长到前面去!Mary clean the windows! 玛丽擦窗户!Come in，everybody! 每个人都进来!有时将主语表示

2、出来是为了加强语气或表示“不高兴”、“厌烦”、“鄙视”等情绪。如：Dont you be late again! 你可别再迟到了!You get out of here! 你给我滚出去!Mind your own business，you! 你少管闲事!2第一、三人称祈使句是以第一人称和第三人称代词或者名词等作为祈使的对象，这类祈使句通常以let为引导词表建议。如Lets go! Let us go home!Let him be here by 10 oclock祈使句除用谓语动词表示外，还可用名词、副词、动词短语等表示。如：Help!Quickly!Hands up!二、祈使句的强调形式及

3、否定形式祈使句的强调形式是在整个结构之前加do。如：Do be careful!Do Stop talking!Do give my regards to your parents!务必一定代我向你父母问好!祈使句的否定形式是在整个结构之前加dont或never。如： Dont you be nervous!你不要紧张!以let为引导词的祈使句的否定形式通常是在Lets或Let usme后加not。如：Lets not waste our time arguing about it! 咱们别浪费时间争论这事了!Lets not say anything about it! 这事咱们谁也别说!但

4、英式英语也用这样的表达：Dont lets say anything about it.三、祈使句的反意疑问句1祈使句的反意疑问部分为肯定形式，要用shall，will。如：Pass me the book，will you?2Lets表示第一人称的祈使句，反意疑问句为“Shall we?”。如：Lets go for a walk，shall we?Lets forget it，shall we?3Let me和Let us 表示第二人称的祈使句，反意疑问句为“will you?”。如：Let us go for a walk，will you?4其它行为动词引起的祈使句，无论其陈述部分是否

5、定还是肯定的祈使句，多用“will you?”，表一种客气的语气。如：Listen to me，will you?Dont tell anyone about it，will you?但在肯定的祈使句后有时也用“wont you?”表“提醒对方注意”或表“邀请”。如：Have a cup of coffee，wont you?Come in and take a seat，wont youwill you?四、祈使句用于两个重要句型中1“祈使句+and+表结果的陈述句”用来叙述肯定的条件。 2“祈使句+or(else)+表结果的陈述句”用来叙述否定的条件，or(else)表示“否则；要不然”。

6、试比较：Hurry up and youll catch the train. (If you hurry up，youll catch the train)Hurry up，or youll miss the train(If you dont hurry up，youll miss the train)五、祈使句由直接引语变成间接引语当祈使句由直接引语变成间接引语时，其常用结构为“askrequesttellorder sb(not)to do sth”。如：“Speak loudly，please!” the teacher said to me(The teacher asked me

7、 to speak loudly)“Dont smoke in the meeting room!” he said to Tom(He told Tom not to smoke in the meeting room)祈使句练习1. Please _, theyre having a meetingA. not be so noisyB. Be quite C. mustnt talkD. no speaking2. _ to meet me at the station. Ill be waiting there.(A. Not to forgetB. Not forgetC. Forg

8、et notD. Dont forget 3. Its a fine day. Lets go fishing, _?A. wont weB. will youC. dont weD. shall we4. Dont smoke in the meeting-room, _?A. do youB. will youC. can youD. could you5. Dont forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow. -Yes,I_.A. dontB. wontC. cantD. havent6. _ down the radio. The bab

9、ys asleep in the next room.A. TurningB. To turnC. TurnedD. Turn7. Lucy, _ the door or someonell come in.(1996河南)A. closeB. closesC. not closeD. is closing8. _ and play football in the street after lunch.(哈尔滨)A. Lets not to goB. Lets not goC. Lets dont go D. Not lets go9. A sign with the words“_” is

10、often found in a bus.(安徽)A. Not parkingB. Not smokingC. No parkingD. No smoking10. _ Chinese in you English class.(2000西安)A. Not speakB. Dont speakC. Speak notD. Dont speakingII. 将下列句子变成祈使句：1. Would you like to wait a moment?_ _ a moment.2. Can I use your bike?Please _ _ your bike.3. Youd better not