英语语言学期末考试试卷考卷

1、英语语言学期末考试一试卷第一部分选择题Directions:Readeachofthefollowingstatementscarefully.DecidewhichoneofthefourchoicesbestcompletesthestatementandputtheletterA,B,CorDinthebrackets.(2%X10=20%)1.SaussuresdistinctionandChomskysareverysimilar,buttheydifferinthat_.A.SaussuretookasociologicalviewoflanguagewhileChomskytoo

2、kapsychologicalpointofviewB.SaussuretookapsychologicalviewoflanguagewhileChomskytookasociologicalpointofviewC.SaussuretookapragmaticviewoflanguagewhileChomskytookasemanticpointofviewD.SaussuretookastructuralviewoflanguagewhileChomskytookapragmaticpointofview2.Languageisasystemof_vocalsymbolsusedforh

3、umancommunication.A.unnaturalB.artificialC.superficialD.arbitrary3.Wearebornwiththeabilitytoacquirelanguage,_.A.andthedetailsofanylanguagesystemaregeneticallytransmittedB.therefore,weneedntlearnthedetailsofourmothertongueC.butthedetailsoflanguagehavetobelearnt.D.andthedetailsareacquiredbyinstinct4.A

4、(n)_isaphonologicalunitofdistinctivevalue.Itisacollectionofdistinctivephoneticfeatures.A.phoneB.allophoneC.phonemeD.sound5.Themorphemeedintheword“worked”isa(n)_morpheme.A.derivationalB.inflectionalC.freeD.word-forming6.WH-movementis_inEnglishwhichchangesasentencefromaffirmativetointerrogative.A.obli

5、gatoryB.optionalC.selectionalD.arbitrary7.Namingtheory,oneoftheoldestnotionsconcerningmeaning,wasproposedby_.A.GriceB.PlatoC.SaussureD.OgdenandRichards8.“Johnmarriedablondheiress.”_“Johnmarriedablond.”A.issynonymouswithB.isinconsistentwithC.entailsD.presupposesInsemanticanalysisofasentence,thebasicu

6、nitiscalled_,whichistheabstractionofthemeaningofasentence.A.utteranceB.referenceC.predicationD.morpheme10.InAustinsspeechacttheory,_istheactofexpressingthespeakersintention;itistheactperformedinsayingsomething.A.aperlocutionaryactB.alocutionaryactC.aconstativeactD.anillocutionaryact第二部分非选择题II.Direct

7、ions:Fillintheblankineachofthefollowingofwhichisalreadygivenasaclue.Notethatyouaretofillstatementswithoneword,thefirstletterinOnewordonly,andyouarenotallowedtochangethelettergiven.(1%10=10%)11.P_relatesthestudyoflanguagetopsychology.Itaimstoanswersuchquestionsashowthehumanmindworkswhenpeopleuselangu

8、age.Ad_studyoflanguageisahistoricalstudy;itstudiesthehistoricaldevelopmentoflanguageoveraperiodoftime.13.Languageisasystem,whichconsistsoftwosetsofstructures,ortwolevels.Atthelowerlevel,thereisastructureofmeaninglesssounds,whichcanbecombinedintoalargenumberofmeaningfulunitsatthehigherlevel.Thisdesig

9、nfeatureiscalledd_.14.Thearticulatoryapparatusofahumanbeingiscontainedinthreeimportantareas:thepharyngealcavity,theo_cavityandthenasalcavity.Thelocalizationofcognitiveandperceptualfunctionsinaparticularhemisphereofthebrainiscalledl_.S_featuressuchasstress,toneandintonationcaninfluencetheinterpretati

10、onofmeaning.Phrasestructurerulescangenerateaninfinitenumberofsentences,andsentenceswithinfinitelength,duetotheirr_properties.H_referstothephenomenonthatwordshavingdifferentmeaningsareidenticalinsoundorspelling,orinboth.Someimportantmissionsofhistoricallinguistsaretoidentifyandclassifyfamiliesofrelat

11、edlanguagesinagenealogicalfamilytree,andtoreconstructthep_,theoriginalformofalanguagefamilythathasceasedtoexist.InSociolinguistics,speakersaretreatedasmembersofsocialgroups.Thesocialgroupisolatedforanygivenstudyiscalledthespeechc_.III.Directions:Judgewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsistrueorfalse.

12、PutaTfortrueorFforfalseinthebracketsinfrontofeachstatement.(2%10=20%)()21.Linguistsbelievethatwhateveroccursinthelanguagepeopleuseshouldbedescribedandanalyzedintheirinvestigation.()22.Languageisarbitraryinthesensethatthereisnointrinsicconnectionbetweenwordsandwhatthesewordsactuallyreferto.()23.Theco

13、nclusionswereachaboutthephonologyofonelanguagecanbegeneralizedintothestudyofanotherlanguage.()24.Themeaning-distinctivefunctionofthetoneisespeciallyimportantinEnglishbecauseEnglish,unlikeChinese,isatypicaltonelanguage.()25.Thesyntacticrulesofanylanguagearefiniteinnumber,andyetthereisnolimittothenumb

14、erofsentencesnativespeakersofthatlanguageareabletoproduceandcomprehend.()26.Whenwethinkofaconcept,weactuallytrytoseetheimageofsomethinginourmindseyeeverytimewecomeacrossalinguisticsymbol.()27.Allutterancescanberestoredtocompletesentences.Forexample,“Goodmorning!”canberestoredto“Iwishyouagoodmorning.

15、”()28.Twopeoplewhoarebornandbroughtupinthesametownandspeakthesameregionaldialectmayspeakdifferentlybecauseofanumberofsocialfactors.()29.BlackEnglishislinguisticallyinferiortostandardEnglishbecauseBlackEnglishisnotassystematicasstandardEnglish.()30.Anychildwhoiscapableofacquiringsomeparticularhumanla

16、nguageiscapableofacquiringanyhumanlanguagespontaneouslyandeffortlessly.IV.Directions:Explainthefollowingterms.(3%10=30%)parole:broadtranscription:allophones:phrasestructurerules:contextHistoricalLinguistics:standardlanguage:linguistictaboo:acculturation:care-takerspeech:V.Answerthefollowingquestions

17、.(10%2=20%)Enumeratethreecausesthatleadtothesystematicoccurrenceoferrorsinsecondlanguageacquisitionandgiveyourexamples.EnglishhasundergonetremendouschangessinceitsAnglo-Saxondays.Identifythemajorperiodsinitshistoricaldevelopmentandnamemajorhistoricaleventsthatledtothetransitionfromoneperiodtothenext

18、.参照答案第一部分选择题I.Directions:Readeachofthefollowingstatementscarefully.DecidewhichoneofthefourchoicesbestcompletesthestatementandputtheletterA,B,CorDinthebrackets.(2%10=20%)A2.D3.C4.C5.B6.A7.B8.C9.C10.D第二部分非选择题II.Directions:Fillintheblankineachofthefollowingstatementswithoneword,thefirstletterofwhichisa

19、lreadygivenasaclue.NotethatyouaretofillinOnewordonly,andyouarenotallowedtochangethelettergiven.(1%10=10%)PsycholinguisticsdiachronicdualityorallateralizationSuprasegmentalrecursiveHomonymyprotolanguagecommunityDirections:Judgewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsistrueorfalse.PutaTfortrueorFforfalsein

20、thebracketsinfrontofeachstatement.(2%X10=20%)(T)21.Linguistsbelievethatwhateveroccursinthelanguagepeopleuseshouldbedescribedandanalyzedintheirinvestigation.(T)22.Languageisarbitraryinthesensethatthereisnointrinsicconnectionbetweenwordsandwhatthesewordsactuallyreferto.(F)23.Theconclusionswereachabout

21、thephonologyofonelanguagecanbegeneralizedintothestudyofanotherlanguage.(F)24.Themeaning-distinctivefunctionofthetoneisespeciallyimportantinEnglishbecauseEnglish,unlikeChinese,isatypicaltonelanguage.(T)25.Thesyntacticrulesofanylanguagearefiniteinnumber,andyetthereisnolimittothenumberofsentencesnative

22、speakersofthatlanguageareabletoproduceandcomprehend.(F)26.Whenwethinkofaconcept,weactuallytrytoseetheimageofsomethinginourmindseyeeverytimewecomeacrossalinguisticsymbol.(F)27.Allutterancescanberestoredtocompletesentences.Forexample,“Goodmorning!”canberestoredto“Iwishyouagoodmorning.”(T)28.Twopeoplew

23、hoarebornandbroughtupinthesametownandspeakthesameregionaldialectmayspeakdifferentlybecauseofanumberofsocialfactors.(F)29.BlackEnglishislinguisticallyinferiortostandardEnglishbecauseBlackEnglishisnotassystematicasstandardEnglish.(T)30.Anychildwhoiscapableofacquiringsomeparticularhumanlanguageiscapabl

24、eofacquiringanyhumanlanguagespontaneouslyandeffortlessly.IV.Directions:Explainthefollowingterms.(3%X10=30%)31.parole:Itreferstotherealizationoflangueinactualuse.Itisconcreteandvarieswithcontext.32.Broadtranscriptionisthetranscriptionwithlettersymbolsonly.Itisthetranscriptionnormallyusedindictionarie

25、sandteachingtextbooks.Allophonesarethedifferentphonesthatrepresentaphonemeindifferentphoneticenvironments.Phrasestructurerulesaretherewriteruleswhichallowforthepossiblecombinationofwordstoformphrasesandsentences.35.Contextisgenerallyconsideredasconstitutedbytheknowledgesharedbythespeakerandthehearer

26、.Historicallinguisticsstudieslanguagechange(orhistoricaldevelopmentoflanguage).Standardlanguageisasuperposed,sociallyprestigiousdialectoflanguage.Itisthelanguageemployedbythegovernmentandthejudiciarysystem,usedbythemassmediaandtaughtineducationalinstitutions.38.Linguistictabooreferstoawordorexpressionthatisprohibitedbythe“polite”societyfromgeneraluse.Acculturationisaprocessofadaptingtothecultureandvaluesystemofthesecondlanguagecommunity.40.Itissimpleandmodifiedspeechusedbyparents,baby-sitter,etc.wh