2015考神团队专业八级模拟试卷

1、，打印好备用，打印好备用链）321TESTFORENGLISH-GRADETIMELIMIIT：195 （35 In this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important po s. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture.TE

2、STFORENGLISH-GRADETIMELIMIIT：195 （35 In this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important po s. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is

3、over, you will given two minutesto checkyour notes, and another tenminutes to completethe gap-filling onANSWERSHEETONE.Someofthegapsmayrequiresure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and umof THREEwords. ally acceptable. You refertoyournoteswhilecompletingthetask.Usethesheet fornote-

4、In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer tfollow.MarkthecorrectanswertoeachquestiononANSWERSHEETQuestions 1 to 5 are based on erview. of erview you will be given secondstoanswereachofthefollowingfive Nowlisten toOnlineeducationhassolvedtheproblemstheproble

5、mofdistanceandtheproblemofstudentstheproblemoflearningtheproblemof2.AccordingtoProfessorWhite,the A. 1998B.C.the lateD. UK lplanof onlineeducationwas Whatisthecentralquickermsofonlineeducationinfrastructurethedevelopmentofthedevelopmentofvarious4.WhatishinderingthedevelopmentofUKonlinethedigitalgapt

6、hedigitalgapntherichandthe nthe ruralareasandthe urbanC.the linvestmentofonlineD.the lsofonline5.OnlineeducationisfacingthefollowingdifficultiesA. how egratethelearninghowtomakemonitoringC.the linvestmentofonlineD.the lsofonline5.OnlineeducationisfacingthefollowingdifficultiesA. how egratethelearnin

7、ghowtomakemonitoringsystemshowtomakeexaminationresultshowtoidentifytheSECTIONNEWSIn this section, you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer tfollow.MarkthecorrectanswertoeachquestiononANSWERSHEETQuestion 6 is based on the following news. of the news item, you will be given

8、 secondstoanswertheNowlistentothe6.WhichofthefollowingisA.Allthepeopleonboardwere heairB.ThecauseoftheaircrashhadbeenC.Allthepassengerswere.D.Itwas airangalorewithin14Questions 7 and 8 are based on the following news. of the news item, you will given20secondstoanswertheNowlistentothe7.Whatsthemainid

9、eaoftheA.PakistanhasveryserioussecurityB.SomemajorEuropeancountriessiblytobeC.AfghanistanistrainingitssoldierstomeetthesecurityD.U.S.hasbeensharinginformationofelligencewith8.WhichofthefollowingisA.SoldiersfromMumbaiarelikelytoattackEuropeanB.BritainhastakentheinformationveryC.Germanyhasstrengthened

10、itssecurity.D. lcommentsfromFrancearenotQuestions 9 and 10 are based on the following news. of the news item, you will given20secondstoanswertheNowlistentothe9.Accordingtothenews,whichcountryhasthelargestnumberofA.B.C.D. 10.InQuestions 9 and 10 are based on the following news. of the news item, you

11、will given20secondstoanswertheNowlistentothe9.Accordingtothenews,whichcountryhasthelargestnumberofA.B.C.D. 10.In2010,howmanytouristsvisitedBethlehemandA. 3.45 B.20C.625D. 1.5 (30hissectiontherearefourreadingpassagesfollowedbyatotalof20multiple-questions.ReadthepassagesandthenmarkyouranswersonANSWERS

12、HEETJoy and sadness are experienced by people in all cultures around the world, but how can l when eoplearehappyor despondent?Itturns tthe of manymay be universal. Smiling is apparently a universal sign of friendliness and approval. Baring teeth in a hostile way, as noted by Charles he nineteenth ce

13、ntury, may be a sign of anger. As the originator of the theory of evolution, Darwin t the recognitionlswouldhavesurvivalvalue.Forle, ls signaltheapproachofenemies(orheabsenceofMost investigators t certain l s suggest the same emotions in people. Moreover, people in diverse cultures recognize the emo

14、tions manifested by the ls. In classic research Paul Ekman took photographs of people exhibiting the oer,disgust, fear, happiness,and sadness.He thenasked people around the world to whatemotionswerebeinghem.ThosequeriedrangedfromEuropeancollegeto members of the Fore, a t he New Guinea highlands. All

15、groupsincluding Fore, who had almost no contact with Western culture, agreed on the portrayed emotions. Fore also displayed familiar l s when asked how they would respond if they the characters in tcalled for basic emotional responses. Ekman and his colleagues recently obtained similar results in a

16、study of ten cultures in which participants were permitted tmultiple emotions were shown by l s.The participantsgenerally onwhichtwoemotionswerebeingshownandwhichemotionwasPsychologicalresearchersgenerallyt lsreflectemotionalIn fact, various emotional es give rise to certain patterns of electrical a

17、ctivity in the lmuscles and in the brain. The l-feedback hypothesis argues, t the causal ite sent back relationship n emotions and l s can also work in the According to this hypothesis, signals from the l muscles (feedback) emotion centers of the brain, and so s l Psychologicalresearchersgenerallyt

18、lsreflectemotionalIn fact, various emotional es give rise to certain patterns of electrical activity in the lmuscles and in the brain. The l-feedback hypothesis argues, t the causal ite sent back relationship n emotions and l s can also work in the According to this hypothesis, signals from the l mu

19、scles (feedback) emotion centers of the brain, and so s l can temotional e. Consider Darwins words: The free by outward signs of an ensifies it. On the other hand, the , as far sible, ofall outward signs softens emotions.Cansmilinggiverisetofeelingsofgoodwill,forle,andfrowningtoPsychological researc

20、h has given rise to eresting findings concerning l-feedbackhypothesis. Causing participants inexperiments to , for le, leads to report moreitive feelings and to rate cartoons (humorous drawings of people or situations) as being more humorous. When they are caused to frown, they rate cartoons as bein

21、g What are sible links n l s and emotion? One link is which is the level of activity or preparedness for activity in ense contraction l muscles, such as those used in signifying fear, heightens arousal. Self-perception heightened arousal then leads to heightened emotional activity. Other links may i

22、nvolve in emperatureandtherelease ofneurotransmitters ttransmit nerve The contraction of Ekman has l muscles both the so-called Duchenne ernal emotional e and reflects t, which is characterized by crows wrinkles around the eyes and a subtle he eye cover fold t the skin above the movesdownslightlytow

23、ardtheeyeball,canleadtopleasantEkmans observation may be relevant to the British keep a stiff upper lip as mendationforhandlingstress.Itmightlong as the lip is not quivering with fear or tastifflipsuppressesemotionalresponse-. But when the t leads to the lip is emotionalense, and involves muscle , l

24、 feedback may Thewordhepassageiseaningtoallthefollowing2.TheauthormentionsBaringtheteethinahostilewayinorderA.differentiatesiblemeaningofaparticularlfromothermeaningsB.supportDarwinstheoryofC.provideanleofa lwhosemeaningiswidelyD.contrastaltiseasilyunderstoodwithotherlThewordhepassageiseaningAccordi

25、ngtoparagraph2,whichofthefollowingwastrueoftheForepeopleofNew Theydidnotwanttobe shownTheywerefamousfortheirlingTheyknewverylittleaboutWesternAccordingtoparagraph2,whichofthefollowingwastrueoftheForepeopleofNew Theydidnotwanttobe shownTheywerefamousfortheirlingTheyknewverylittleaboutWesternD.Theydid

26、notencourage theof5.Accordingtothepassage,whatdidDarwinvewouldhappentohumanwere nottA.Theye B.TheywouldlastnC.Theywouldcause problemsD.Theyemore6.WhichofthefollowingisNOTsiblelinkn lsandChanges inReleaseofcertainAnstimulationtoanactivity The arousal of sexTEXTThe use of deferential language is symbo

27、lic of the n ideal of the woman, dominatesconservative gender norms in Japan.This idealpresents a womanwhowithdraws quietly to the background, subordinating her life and needs to those of her family and male head. She is a dutiful daughter, wife, and mother, master of the domestic arts. typical refi

28、ned woman excels in modesty and delicacy; she “treads softly in world,”elevatingfemininebeautyandgracetoanartNowadays, it is commonly t young women are not conforming to femininelinguisticideal.Theyareusingfeweroftheverydeferential“womens” forms,even using the few strong t are know as “mens.” This,

29、of course, considerable attention and has led to an ry in the media against defeminization of womens , we didnt hear about “mens language” egantorespondtogirlsappropriationofformsfor boysand There is considerable sentiment about the “corruption” of womens languagewhich course is viewed as part of th

30、e loss of feminine ideals and moralityand this sentiment crystallizedbynationwideopiniontareregularlycarriedoutbytheYoshiko Matsumoto has t young women probably never used as many of highlydeferential forms as older women. This highly polite style is no doubt young women have been expected to o”afte

31、r all, it is assign not simply femininity,butofmaturityand refinement, and its usecould betakento indicateachangethe nature of ones l relations as well. One might well imagine little girls exceedingly polite forms when playing house or imiing older womenin a fashion ogous to little girls use of a hi

32、gh-pitched voice to do “teacher talk” or “mother talk” rolethe nature of ones l relations as well. One might well imagine little girls exceedingly polite forms when playing house or imiing older womenin a fashion ogous to little girls use of a high-pitched voice to do “teacher talk” or “mother talk”

33、 role The changeof t young women are using less deferential language is a sure sign l change and of linguistic change. But it is most certainly not a sign of “masculization” of girls. In some claimtoauthorityasboysandmen, , it may be a t girls are making the tis verydifferentfromttheyare tobe“mascul

34、ine.”Katsue Reynolds hastgirlsnowadaysare using more language strategies in order to be able to compete with boys in schools and out. changealso brings not simply itionsforwomen and girls,but differenttolifestages,andadolescentgirlsareparticipatinginnewsubculturalforms.Thuswhatto an older speaker, s

35、eem like “masculine” speech may seem to an “liberated”or“hip”paragraphdescribesindetailA.thestandardssetforcontemporaryB.the ninfluenceongendernormsinC.thestereotypedroleofwomeninD.thenormsfortraditionalwomentoWhatchangehasbeenodaysyoungTheypaylessattentiontotheirlinguisticTheyusefewerofthedeferenti

36、allinguisticTheyconfusemaleandfemaleformsof D.TheyemployverystronglinguisticHowdosomepeoplereacttowomensappropriationofmenslanguageformsheTheycallforThey see itas anntostoptheofwomensC.Theyacceptitasamodern D.TheyexpressstrongAccordingtoYoshikoMatsumoto,thelinguisticbehaviorwomen odaysA.mayleadtocha

37、ngesinlB.hasbeentrue ofallpastC.isviewedasa signoftheirD.isaresultof l11. Katsue Reynolds bewomen is A.asuresignoftheirdefeminizationandttheuseofassertivelanguagebyyoungB.anindicationoftheirdefianceagainstlC.oneoftheirstrategiesto11. Katsue Reynolds bewomen is A.asuresignoftheirdefeminizationandtthe

38、useofassertivelanguagebyyoungB.anindicationoftheirdefianceagainstlC.oneoftheirstrategiestocompeteinamale-dominatedD.aninevitabletrendoflinguisticdevelopmentinJapanTEXTComputers have aided he study of humanities for almost as long as the machines have existed. Decades ago, when the technology consist

39、ed solely of massive, number-crunching mainframe computers, the chief liberal arts applications were in compiling s istical indexes of works of literature. In 1964, IBM held a conference on computers and the humanities according to a 1985he journal Science, mostof the confereeswereusing computers co

40、mpile,whicharealphabeticalusedinliteraryMainframe computers helped y in the highly laborious task, which dates back to Renaissance, of cataloging each reference of a particular word in a particular work. Concordan help scholars scrutinize important texts for patterns and meaning. Other humanities ap

41、plicationsfor computers in this early era of technology included compiling dictionaries, foreignorantiquatedlanguages,andcataloginglibrarylly Such types of computer usage in the humanities may seem limited , but they produced eresting results in the last few years and promise to continue to do so. c

42、omputer use and s have grown, so has the number of digitized texts of classic Thecomputer-basedstudyof literarytextshasestablisheditsownniche inacademia.Foster, an English professor at Vassar College in Poughkeepsie, New York, is one of the extual he late 1980s Foster created SHAXICON, a t tracks al

43、l rare words used by English playwright William Shakespeare. Each of these words appears any individual Shakespeare play no n 12 times. The words can then be cross-with some 2,000 oetic texts, allowing experienced researchers to explore when they written, who wrote them, how the author was influence

44、d by the works of other writers, and thetextschangedastheywerereproducedovertheInlate1995FostersworkattractedwidespreadnoticewhenhetShakespearethe anonymous author of an obscure 578-line poem, A Funeral Elegy (1612). Although had made similar claims for other he past, Foster gained the backing of a

45、number prominent scholars because of his computer-based approach. If Fosters claim holds up to long-term judgment, the poem will be one of the few additions to the Shakespearean canon he last 100 years.Fosters work gained further public acclaim and validation when he was asked to identify the anonym

46、ous author of the best-selling political novel Primary Colors (1996). After using his computer program to compare the stylistic traits of various writers with those in thenovel, Foster tabbed journalist Joe Kleinas the author.Soon after, Klein t he was author. Foster was also employed as an he case

47、of the notorious Unabomber, a whopublishedananonymousmanifestoinseveralmajorrsin Foster is just one scholar who has noted the coming of the digital age and what it means traditional fields such as literature. For traditional learning and humanistic scholarship to p,it, too, mustbe digitized, he wrot

48、e ina scholarly r.Thefuture s of Foster is just one scholar who has noted the coming of the digital age and what it means traditional fields such as literature. For traditional learning and humanistic scholarship to p,it, too, mustbe digitized, he wrote ina scholarly r.Thefuture s of scholarship dep

49、ends on our ability egrate those electronic texts with our ongoing work scholarsandteachers,andtoexploitfullytheadvantagesofferedbythenewFoster t people can now study Shakespeare via ernet Shakespeare using the computer to compare alternate wordings in different footnotes, literary criticism, stage

50、history, explanatory graphics, archivalrecords.NovelistandliteraryjournalistGregoryFeeleynoteds and to consult clips, theater reviews, and tthesimplest(andradical) way in which computer technology is affecting textual scholarship is texts available, and permitting scholars to jump back and forth bet

51、aking them for nScholars so take advantage of computer technology in publishing their Princeton University history professor Robert Darnton has written of a future in which works scholarship are presented digitally in a pyramid-like layering. One might start, he suggests,at top with a concise accoun

52、t of a subject, then proceed to ation and continue level of questions and s for classroom use, and end forreportsandcommentaryfrom12.Thepassage t computers havenotbeenveryhelpfulinhumanitiesstudyuntilwerewidelyusedinallkindsofliterarytextsverylongC.wereinventedernationalBusinessMachinesD.begantobe u

53、sedforliterarystudyassoonastheywere 13.WhichementabouttheearlystageofcomputerapplicationinhumanitiesisA.ThestsuchapplicationscouldbetracedbacktotheB.Themainframecomputerswereusedtohelpcatalogingword.C.SomedictionarycompilerswereheirworkbyD.Librarycollectionswerecatalogedefficientlywiththehelpof14.Fo

54、stergainedpublicrecognitionbecausehedidallthefollowingworkthe sfullyidentifiedtheauthorofabest-sellingtheclaimedShakespearewrotethepoemofAFuneralthehelpedtoidentifyseveralanonymousr theinvolvedinacriminalinvestigationidentifyinga15.WhichofthefollowingisNOTsuggestedbyFoster A.Itissibletomakefurtherst

55、udyonShakespearebyusingB.ComputersmakesibleforscholarstocomparedifferenttextsatC.VastofShakespearesworksareavailableernettotheD.TheliterarysinourabilitytomakefulluseofdigitalTEXTSeveral classes of bitter citrus compound have looked promising ancer agents laboratory tests. A new study suchchemicalscu

56、tscancerriskint long-term consumption of orange juice. A source est-tubestudies,oneclassofthe bittercompounds-flavonoids-hasinhibitedthe of breast cancer cells. Related studies showedtbittercitruslimonoidssimilarlywardoffcancer in animals. Mulling Several classes of bitter citrus compound have looke

57、d promising ancer agents laboratory tests. A new study suchchemicalscutscancerriskint long-term consumption of orange juice. A source est-tubestudies,oneclassofthe bittercompounds-flavonoids-hasinhibitedthe of breast cancer cells. Related studies showedtbittercitruslimonoidssimilarlywardoffcancer in

58、 animals. Mulling over such data, Maurice R Bennink of Michigan e University in Lansingwonderedwhetherdrinkingorangejuicewouldhavealeffect.60 young rats t causes colon cancer and then raised half of the animals on normal diet. The others received orange juice instead of drinking water-and foodtocomp

59、ensateforheAt an American Institute for Cancer Research meeting k in Washington Bennink t after 7 months 22 of the animals receiving a normal diet had colon cancers. Only 17 of the rats on the orange-juice diet showed thecontrolgroupsts 77 percent ConcludesBennink,whoseworkpportedbyorange-juiceprodu

60、cerTropicanaof Brandenton.“These datashoworange juicehelpsprotectagainstcancer,”hetthe mightalsoapplytobreast,e, gBandaru S. Reddy, director of the American Health Foundation in Valhalla, N.Y., was not surprised by Benninks finding of an orange juice benefit. However, he calls the reported risk redu