经典全面中考定语从句讲解与练习(含答案)

1、 经典全面中考定语从句讲解与练习（含答案）定语从句(一)关系代词TheAttributiveClauseRelativePronoun一、定义：在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词。引导定语从句的词叫做关系词。定语从句必须放在先行词之后，对其先行词起限定作用。二、关系词定语从句的关系词分为关系代词和关系副词。关系代词在定语从句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。关系副词在定语从句中作状语。三、关系代词代替人代替物代替人或物主语whowhichthat宾语whom/whowhichthat定语whosewhosethat的用法that既可以指人，也可以指物

2、，指人时可与who,whom互换，指物时有时可与which互换。在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语。Hisfatherworksinafactorythat/whichmakescar.他父亲在一家汽车制造厂工作。作主语，指物Thelady(that/who/whom)IwanttovisittaughtmeFrenchatthattime.我要去拜访的那位女士那个时候教我法语。作宾语，指人Theschoolthat/whichwevisitedyesterdayisagoodone.我们昨天参观的学校是所好学校。作宾语，指物which的用法which一般指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语，作宾语时可以

3、省略(放在介词后除外)。Which也可以指代这个主句。Adictionaryisabookwhich/thatgivesthemeaningofwords.字典就是讲解单词意思的书作主语Hereisthebook(which/that)theteachermentionedyesterday.这就是老师昨天说得那本书作宾语Thesunheatsthesun,whichmakesitpossibleformantolive.太阳给地球热量，这使得人类能够生存代替整个主句I1()WI1OH1的用法Whom在从句中用作宾语，现在仅用于正式文体。用who代替whom在从句中做宾语，主语用于口语。如：T

4、hegentlemanwhomRoseencounteredaddressedherwithcourtesy.罗斯遇到的那位先生很有礼貌地和她讲话。(正式文体)ThemanwhoIsawiscalledSmith.我见到的那个人名叫史密斯。(非正式文体)在口语中，who,whom,which在从句中做动词宾语时，常常省去。如：Idon，tlikepeoplewhotalkmuchbutdolittle.我不喜欢光说不练TOC o 1-5 h z的人。|作主语Doyouknowtheyoungman(whom)wemetatthegate?你认识我们在门口遇见的那个年轻人吗？|作宾语Hedidn

5、tbecomethepersonwhohisfatherwantedhimtobe.他没有成为他父亲希望的那种人。厂作表语注意：whom在从句中作介词的宾语，且介词提到whom前面时，不能用who代替。IhavemanyfriendstowhomIwillsendpostcards.我有许多需要寄贺卡的朋友。4.whose的用法whose在从句中作定语，可以指人也可以指物。Thegirlwhosefatherisateacherstudiesveryhard.这个女孩学习很努力，她指人WehaveEnglishclassesintheclassroomwhosedoorisbroken.我们在

6、那个门坏了的教室上英语课。|指物四、限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不可省去，非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。限制性定语从句：主句和从句不隔开，从句不能省略，否则就会失掉意义不能成立。如：Heisreadingabookwhichistoodifficultforhim.Hereistheboywhodamagedtheglass非限制性定语从句:主句和从句用逗号隔开，从句对修饰的部分起到进一步说明的作用，拿掉后其它部分

7、的语意仍保持完整。如：ThebookiswrittenbyGuoJinming,whoisonly19yearsoldBobsfather,whowasanengineer,spent4yearsinEgyptShanghai,whichisdevelopingfast,hasbecomeoneofworldstradecenters【注意】：非限制性定语从句不能用that引导SheisveryfondofFrench,whichindeedshespeaksquitewellwhich还可以用来指代上文中的一件事情Theirhouseiswashedawaybythefloods,which

8、madethemverysad.Helosthisjobfinally,whichwasexactlywhatwewanted.五、关系代词的省略引导限制性宾语从句的关系代词在作宾语、表语时可以省略，但作主语和引导非限制性定语从句时，关系代词不可省略。Ihavebeenthecitytwice(which/that)youjustvisited你刚参观完的那座城市，我去过两次。After10years,Johnisnotthenaughtyboy(who/that)heusedtobe.10年后，约翰已经不是当年那个淘气的男孩了。A.用符号标出下列句子的主句、定语从句、先行词和关系词：主句：定

9、语从句：()先行词：先行词关系词：that例：Thisisthebook(thatIhavebeenlookingfor).Themoviethatwesawlastnightisveryexciting.Haveyouboughtthebookwhichwetalkedabout?Istillrememberthedaywhichwespenttogetherlastweek.Hestilllivesinthehousewhosewindowsfacesouth.TheboywhosefatherisapolicemanspeaksEnglishmostfluentlyinourclass.

10、ThegirlwhoyoumetwasJohnssister.B填入适当的关系词Ihaveafriendlikeslisteningtoclassicalmusic.YesterdayEmmywaswearingthenewdressIgaveher.Themanlegwasbrokeninamatchwasafootballplayer.Kevinisreadingabookistoodifficultforhim.ThefamilyImstayingwithlivesinthecountry.Iknowthestudentbookwaspublished.Betty,hasneverbee

11、nabroad,isstudyingEnglishhard.Myparentsliveinahouseismorethan100yearsold.TheboywithJohnspokeismybrother.ShanghaiisthecityIvisitedlastsummer.1who2whichtha/3whose4which/that5that/省略6whose7who8which/that9whom10that/which/省略C.单项选择Whoisthemanisreadingabookoverthere?（杭州）A.thatB.whoseC.whichD.whatThemanist

12、alkingwithmyteacherisTomsfather（四川眉山）A.whoB.whomC.whoseD.whichLiMeiisthestudenthandwritingisthebestinourclass.（贵州铜仁）A.whoseB.whomC.whoD.thatThepeoplehelpedusbuildourhometownarefromBeijing.（四川德阳）A.whichB.whomC.whoTherewillbeastampshowinthemuseumwevisitedlastweek.（嘉兴、舟山）A.whoB.whenC.whichD.whatPeterli

13、kesmusicisveryloudandenergetic.（山东临沂）A.thatB.whoC.whomD./OneofthemostinterestingplacesinYangzhouareoftenvisitedbyforeignersistheWestSlenderLake.（扬州）A.whatB.whoC.thatD./Whoisyournewheadteacherthissemester?（黄冈）Thewomaniswearingaredskirt.A.whomB.whoC.whoseD.whichDoyouknowthemanisreadingthebookoverthere

14、?（湖北襄阳）Yes,hesMr.Green,ourPEteacher.A.whichB.whatC.whomD.whoIvebecomegoodfriendswithseveralofthestudentsinmyschoolImetintheEnglishspeechcontestlastyear.（湖北十堰）A.whoB.whereC.whenD.whichWhatareyoulookingfor?（长沙）Imlookingforthebookyoulentmeyesterday.A.thatB.whoC.whoseTony,tellmetheresultofthediscussiony

15、ouhadwithyourdadyesterday.（河南）A.whatB.whichC.whenD.who5AAACC6-14CBDA1112AB定语从句（二）关系副词TheAttributiveClauseRelativeAdverb一、关系副词系副词在句子中作状语。常用的关系副词有where,when,why,that等。关系副词先行词在从句中充当的成分when表示时间的名词时间状语where表示地点的名词地点状语whyreason原因状语二、关系副词的用法when的用法when指时间，在从句中作时间状语，它的先行词通常为time,day,morning,night,week,year等

16、。IllneverforgetthedaywhenIfirstcametoBeijing我永远也不会忘记来北京的第一天。Hecameatatimewhenweneededhelp.他在我们需要帮助的时候来了。where的用法where指地点,在从句中作地点状语。它的先行词通常有place,factory,street,house,room,city,town,country,village,school等。ThisisthehousewhereIwasborn.这就是我出生的房子。Thefactorywherehisfatherworksisintheeastofthecity.他父亲工作的那

17、家工厂在城市的东边。why的用法why指原因，在从句中作原因状语，其先行词通常是reason。Nobodyknowsthereasonwhyheisoftenlateforschool没有人知道他为什么总是迟到。Whocantellmethereasonwhythetrainwasdelayed?谁能告诉我火车延误的原因？引导定语从句的关系副词代替与其相应的先行词，并且在从句中分别做时间、地点和原因状语，关系副词在意义上常常相当于一个“介词+which”结构。如：Ishallneverforgetthedaywhenwefirstmet.我永远忘不了我们第一次相遇的那一天。=Ishallnev

18、erforgetthedayonwhichwefirstmet.BeijingistheplacewhereIwasborn.北京是我出生的地方。=BeijingistheplaceinwhichIwasborn.Isthisthereasonforwhichherefusedouroffer?这就是他拒绝我们的理由吗？=Isthisthereasonwhyherefusedouroffer?由此可见：r;awhen=on(in,at,during.)+whichwhere=in(at,on.)+whichwhy=forwhich名词/代词+介词+关系代词Iboughtadozeneggs,h

19、alfofwhichwerebrokenwhenIgothome.我买了一打鸡蛋，当我到家时，碎了一半。A填入适当的关系词ShanghaiistheplaceIwentlastsummer.ThereasonPeterissohappyisthathepassedthedrivingtest.Irememberthedaymydogdied.IwillgobacktothecityIgrowup.Sep.1stisthedaytheschoolstarts.Thefactorymyfatherworksmakestelephones.Thisistheroomshedoesherhomewor

20、keveryday.Wewenttovisitthehousethegreatwriterwasborn.Iwillneverforgetthedaywefirstmet.Pleasetellmethereasonyouwerelateagain.Key1讪阮2.wfty3WhenOwhich4where5when6where7where8where9.when10whyB.分别用关系副词、介词+关系代词填空ThelibraryIoftenborrowbooksisnotfarfromhere.ThelibraryIoftenborrowbooksisnotfarfromhere.Isthis

21、thebusyouleftyourumbrella?Isthisthebusyouleftyourumbrella?October1,1949wasthedaythePeoplesRepublicofChinawasfounded.October1,1949wasthedaythePeoplesRepublicofChinawasfounded.Childrenarelookingforwardtotheholidaystheycanplaytogether.Childrenarelookingforwardtotheholidaystheycanplaytogether.Whoknowsth

22、ereasonthegirliscrying?Whoknowsthereasonthegirliscrying?Thereasontheflowersaredeadistoomuchwater.Thereasontheflowersaredeadistoomuchwater.Key1fromwhich;where2onwhich;where3onwhich;when4inwhich;when5.forwhich;why6.伽which;whyC单项选择AfterlivinginParisforfiftyyears,hereturnedtothesmalltownhegrewupasachild

23、.A.whichB.whereC.thatD.whenInthedarkstreet,therewasntasinglepersonshecouldturnforhelp.A.thatB.whoC.fromwhomD.towhomIsthistheplanehecametoNewYork?A.whichB.bywhichC.thatD.inwhichThisistheschoolIstudiedthreeyearsago.A.whereB.whenC.thatD.whichWhatdoyouusuallydoinyourleisuretime?Ienjoyreadinginthelibrary

24、Ilosemyselfinaworldofgoodbooks.A.whichB.thatC.whereIcantforgetthetimetheearthquakehappenedinYushu.A.whenB.whichC.thatD.whereIstillremembertheparkwefirstmet.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.whenTheoldmanhastwosons,arelawyers.A.bothofthemB.bothofwhoC.bothofwhomD.bothoftheyHeisamanofgreatknowledge,muchcanbelearne

25、d.A.inwhomB.aboutwhomC.fromwhomD.ofwhomHehasleftBeijing,ameetingistobeheld.A.whenB.whereC.asD.whichKey:15BDDAC610ACCCBD.自我挑战Illgiveyoumyfriendshomeaddress,Icanbereachedmostevenings.（北京）A.whichB.whenC.whomD.whereAlltheneighboradmirethisfamily,theparentsaretreatingtheirchildlikeafriend.（安徽）A.whyB.wher

26、eC.whichD.thatLifeislikealongracewecompetewithotherstogobeyondourselves.（重庆）A.whyB.whatC.thatD.whereWhatdoyouthinkofteaching?Ifinditfunandchallenging.Itisajobyouaredoingsomethingseriousbutinteresting.（北京）A.whereB.whichC.whenD.thatSalesdirectorisapositioncommunicationabilityisjustasimportantassalesab

27、ility.（重庆）A.whichB.thatC.whenD.whereWeliveinanagemoreinformationisavailablewithgreateasethaneverbefore.（浙江）A.whyB.whenC.towhomD.onwhichKey:16DBDADB定语从句（三）定语从句的难点TheAttributiveClause一、只能使用that,不用which,who的情况1当先行词是all,much,few,little,everything,anything,nothing,none,theone等不定代词时；Allthatcanbedonehasbee

28、ndone.能做的都已经做了。Ididntmeanthisone;Imeantheonethatwasboughtyesterday.我不是指这个，我是指昨天买的那个。2先行词被all,every,no,some,any,little,much,theonly,thevery,theright,few,just等词修饰时；Theresnodifficultythatwecantovercome没有我们克服不了的困难。Ivereadallthebooksthatcanbeborrowedhere.我已经读完了这里能借的所有书。先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级修饰，或先行词本身就是序数词或形容词最高

29、级时；ThisisthefirstletterthatlvewritteninJapanese.这是我用日语写得第一封信。Sheisthemostcarefulgirlthatlveeverknown她是我认识的最认真的女孩。Hewasthefirstthatgaveussomeusefuladvice.他是第一个给我们一些有用建议的人。当先行词既有人又有物时；Theytalkedabouttheteachersandschoolsthattheyhadvisited.他们谈论了他们见过的老师和学校。Thespeakertalkedofsomewritersandbooksthawereunk

30、nowntous.演讲者提到的一些作者和作品我们都不知道。当主句是以who,which或what开头的特殊疑问句时；Whoisthemanthatiswaitingatthebusstop?在车站等车的那个人是谁？Whichisthecarthatovertookusyesterday?昨天超过我们的是哪辆车？当主句以Therebe结构开头时，或关系代词在therebe结构中作实义主语，先行词为物。如：Thereisaseatinthecornerthatisstillfree.Therearetwoticketsofthefilmthatareforyou.二、只能用which,不用that

31、的情况：在非限制性定语从中。如：Themeetingwasputoff,whichwasexactlywhatwewanted.会议延期了，这正是我们所希望的。定语从句由介词+关系代词引导，先行词是物时。如：Thethingaboutwhichheistalkingisofgreatimportance.他考虑的这件事非常重要。先行词本身是that时。如：Idontlikethatwhichhedid.我不喜欢他做的那件事。三、只用who不用that的情况先行词是指人的不定代词，如one,anyone,noone,all,nobody,anybody,those等；Onewhodoesnotw

32、orkhardwillneversucceed.AnyonewhobreaksthelawshouldbepunishedSheistheonlyoneofthestudentswhohasbeentotheUSA.Thosewholearnnotonlyfrombooksbutalsothroughpracticewillsucceed.在以therebe的句子中，先行词为人时；Thereisacomradeoutsidewhowantstoseeyou.当定语从句中又有定语从句，且先行词都为人时；Thestudentthatwonthefirstprizeisthemonitorwhowo

33、rkshard.当指人的先行词被一些指物的名词修饰时；TheresonlyonestudentintheschoolwhoIwanttosee.Doyouknowthewomaninbluewithababyonherbackwhoisworkinginthefields?在非限制性定语从句中指人Imetafriendofmineinthestreet,whohadjustcomefromAmerica.A.单项选择lastweekhasbeenoutoforder.Theradiosetlastweekhasbeenoutoforder.A.IboughtB.IboughtitC.which

34、IboughtitD.whatIboughtAlltheapplesfelldownfromthetreewereeatenupbythepigs.A.whichB./C.thatD.theyIcantellyouhetoldmelastweek.A.allwhichB.allwhatC.thatallD.allthatThisisthebiggestlabwehaveeverbuiltinouruniversity.A.whichB.whatC.thatD.whereIsoxygentheonlygashelpsfireburn?A.thatB./C.whichD.whatAir,webre

35、atheeveryday,isaroundusallthetime.A.thatB./C.itD.whichThisisthemuseumwesawanexhibitiontheotherday.A.thatB.whichC.whereThisisthemuseumyousawtheotherday.A.thatB.whereC.inwhichHehasleftBeijing,ameetingistobeheld.A.whenB.whereC.asThisistheveryplaceImwishingtolivein.A.whereB.whichC.thatIsitinthatfactory“

36、RedFlag”carsaremade?A.inwhichB.whereC.whichD.inthatD.inthatD.whichD.inwhichD.inthatD.inthatD.whichD.inwhichD.thatA.that;becauseB.why;thatC.why;becauseD.that;thatAllisneededisasupplyofoil.A.thethingB.thatC.whatD.whichFinally,thethiefhandedeverythinghehadstolentothepolice.A.whichB.whatC.whateverD.that

37、HetalkedalotaboutthingsandpersonstheyrememberedintheA.whichB.thatC.whomD.whatschool.A.whichB.thatC.whomD.whatKey:5ACPCA670DCABC1115DBBDBB.把下列各句子合并成定语从句Johnisaverykind-heartedman.Youcanturntohimforhelp.Thebookiswrittenbythatfamouswriter.Iamveryinterestedinit.Tomistheboy.Iwenttothecinemawithhimtogethe

38、r.Haveyourememberedthefactory?Weworkedinitlastyear.?Itisthegolddiamond.Ispentallmymoneyonit.Key1Johniaverykind-heartedmanwhom、oucanturntoforhdpJohniaveryknd-heartedmantowhomyoucanturnforhdp2、Thebodkwhich7amveryinterestediniswrittenbthatfmouswiiterTheboQkinwhich7amveryinterestediswrittenbthatfamouswr

39、iter.3Tomitheboywhom7wenttothecinemawithto買ether.Tomistheboywithwhom7wenttothecinematogether.4Haveyourememberedthefactorywhichweworkedinlast、ear?lHaveyourememberedthefactoryinwhichweworkedlastyear?5.Itithegolddiamondwhich7spentallmymoneyonJ7tithegolddiamondonwhich7spentdUmymoney.C改错1.Isthishospitalt

40、hattheywanttovisitnextweek?2.IsthisthemuseumtheonesomeGermanfriendsvisitedtheotherday?Hehastwosons,eachofthemlookslikehim.Hewillneverforgetthedayswhenhespentwiththevillagers.PleasetellusaboutthepeopleandinterestingthingswhichyouhaveseeninAmerica.Theknifewhichsheoftenusesittocutthebreadisverysharp.Pl

41、easepassmethebookthatcoverisred.Thesunheatstheearth,thatisveryimportant.Key1hospital前力口the2去掉museum前的the3将them改为whom4将when改为that5.将which改为that6、去掉i7将that改为whose8.将that改为whichD.中考真题1.“Whatdoyouthinkoftheschooluniforms?”“Verygood.Ilikeclothesmakemefeelcomfortable.”A.thatB.whatC.who2.Therewillbeaflowershowintheparkwevisitedlastweek.A.whoB.whenC.whatD.WhichNowmanypeoplesmokeandgetill.Soweshoulddosomethingcanhelpstopsmoking.A.whatB.whoC./D.thatIstillrememberthetimewespenttogetheratXisaiMountain