高中英语 Language Points of reading课件 重大必修4

1、2021/8/11 星期三1重庆大学版高一 (4) Unit 42021/8/11 星期三2Unit 4 Language points2021/8/11 星期三31. At the end of 2000, Li, his family, and 610 other people left their native place and resettled in Guangrao County, Shandong Province. 2000年底， 李朝华一家，还有其他610个村民举家迁离了他们的故乡忠县，来到了山东，在广饶县定居下来。 2021/8/11 星期三4at the end （of

2、） 在最后, 在尽头。根据需要可接（of）, 后可接时间名词也可接地点名词。如：在街道的末尾有一家医院。There is a hospital at the end of the street.上个月末， 一直都在下雨。It was raining at the end of last month.2021/8/11 星期三5辨析 in the end, at the end (of), 和by the end ofin the end不能接of。相当于finally或 at last如: 最后他们登上了喜马拉雅山山顶。In the end, they got to the top of th

3、e Himalaya Mountains.2021/8/11 星期三6 by the end of 意为“到为此”，常常用于完成时。 如：到下周末我们将会完成这幢大楼。By the end of next week we will have finished the building.我们的新图书馆是在上个月末完工的。By the end of last month our new library had been built.2021/8/11 星期三7联想 其他end短语be at the dead end be at an end be at loose endsbe at ones w

4、its endbe at the end of ones ropebe the end of无法进展下去结束，没有了闲着没事干计穷山穷水尽把毁了2021/8/11 星期三8come to an enddraw to an endmake ends meetodds and endsput an end toto the endto this (that) endwithout end 结束(快要)结束量入为出杂七杂八的东西结束, 制止到底为此目的没完没了2021/8/11 星期三92. They are among the first group of evacuees moving to a

5、nother province from the area of the Three Gorges Project.他们是首批迁往外省的三峡库区移民。2021/8/11 星期三10(1) evacueethe person who is evacuated(被疏散的人) 后缀-ee表示“被的人”。 employee: the person who is employed (被雇佣的人) trainee: the person who is trained (被训练的人；新兵) trustee: the person who is trusted (被信赖的人；可信的人)2021/8/11 星期

6、三11(2) moving to another province from是现在分词短语，作定语，与其修饰的名词之间存在主动关系（主谓关系）。可转换成定语从句。= who will move go another province from如：与会的人员都是专家和学者。The people coming to the conference are all experts and scholars.= The people who will come to the conference are all experts and scholars. 2021/8/11 星期三12扩展 v-ing,

7、 v-ed, to do 都能作定语，但意义有所不同：1) v-ing可作前置定语也可作后置定语，与其修饰的名词之间存在主动关系 (主谓关系) 或表达进行意义。The houses being built are for the teachers.I have never seen a more moving movie. 2021/8/11 星期三132) v-ed常作后置定语，强调与其修饰的名词之间存在的被动关系（动宾关系）或表达完成意义。 Things lost never come again.2021/8/11 星期三143) to do常作后置定语，不定式作定语与被修饰的中心词之间

8、常表现为主谓关系或者动宾关系。侧重表达不定式的动作稍后发生。 The Browns have a comfortable house to live in. The car to be bought is for his sister.2021/8/11 星期三15考题： His first book _ next month is based on a true story.（2010年陕西卷） A. published B. to be publishedC. to publish D. being published 【解析】本题考查非谓语动词问题作后置定语的用法。 由时间状语next

9、month可知所填非谓语动词表示将来的动作, 用动词不定式, 其逻辑主语与publish之间存在动宾关系, 故用不定式的被动式。B2021/8/11 星期三16考题： A great number of students _ said they were forced to practise the piano. (2010四川卷) A. to question B. to be questioned C. questioned D. questioningC解析: question与students存在被动关系，question表示的动作也已完成，故用过去分词。2021/8/11 星期三17

10、考题： Many buildings in the city need repairing, but the one _ first is the library. （2010重庆卷）A. repaired B. being repairedC. repairing D. to be repaired解析: the one指代前面提到的buildings与repair是动宾关系，由前半句房屋需要修缮可知修缮这个动作发生在need之后，所以用to be repaired。D2021/8/11 星期三18考题： This is the only way we can imagine _ the o

11、veruse of water in students bathrooms. （2010年上海卷）A. reducing B. to reduce C. reduced D. reduceB解析: 此处the way to do sth.表示“做某事的途径、方法”。we can imagine作定语, 修饰way，前面省略了that。2021/8/11 星期三19考题： Im calling to enquire about the position _ in yesterdays China Daily. (2010年北京卷)A. advertised B. to be advertised

12、C. advertising D. having advertisedA解析: 我打电话来咨询一下昨天中国日报上刊登的职位信息。advertise和position是逻辑上的动宾关系, 故用过去分词表被动, 此处相当于：which was advertised。2021/8/11 星期三20考题：The traffic rule says young children under the age of four and _ less than 40 pounds must be in a child safety seat.A. being weighed B. to weigh C. wei

13、ghed D. weighingD解析： 逻辑主语young children与weigh之间构成主谓关系，应用weigh的现在分词 weighing，相当于 “who weigh less than 40 pounds”2021/8/11 星期三213. As far back as 1991 and 1992, the Chinese Changjiang River Water Conservation Committee and governments at various levels in the area of the Three Gorges Project knew that

14、 by 2009, when the project is completed, a total of 1,084 square kilometers of land will be flooded and 125,00 people in 268 of towns and townships in 20 districts and counties will need to have been evacuated. 2021/8/11 星期三22远在1991年到1992年这段期间，中国长江水资源保护委员会和三峡库区的各级政府就已经充分意识到， 在2009年三峡工程完全竣工前，将有总面积约1，

15、084平方公里的土地会被淹没，20个区县的268个镇和镇一级的125，000人需要重新安置。2021/8/11 星期三23(1) 该句是一个很长的句子，主语部分是the Chinese Changjiang River Conservation Water Committee and goverments; 谓语是knew, 其后带有两个宾语从句，它们是thata total of 1,084 square have been evacuated. when the project is completed 在句子中作定语，修饰前面的2009.(2) as far back as 1991an

16、d 1992相当于as early as 1991 and 19922021/8/11 星期三24如: 早在上世纪末， 这种音乐就开始在西方国家流行。As far back as the end of last century, this kind of music began to prevail in the west.早在唐朝，人们就开始了这种习俗。As far back as the Tang Dynasty, people started the custom.2021/8/11 星期三25(3) at various level表示“各级的；各个水平的；各种水平的”如：各个级别的人

17、信都能适应这项工作。People at various levels are fit for the job.书店里销售各种层次的书。Books at various are on sale in this bookstore. 2021/8/11 星期三26联想 与various连用的短语：various viewsvarious shapesfor various reasonsthe people of various countriesvarious members various ways to the top 各种观点 不同的形状 因种种理由 各国人民 各个成员 各条登顶的路202

18、1/8/11 星期三274. The evacuation was to be carried out in two stages. 整个移民安置计划分两个阶段进行。(1) to do sth 是将来时的一种表达法, 表示“表示打算或即将做某事”。 如: 我们打算和一中进行一次足球比赛。 We are to have a football match with the No. 1 Middle School. 请快点， 飞机即将起飞了。 The plane is to take off, hurry up, please.2021/8/11 星期三28联想将来时的其他表达法： be going

19、 to表示打算做或准备要做某事，或将要发生或肯定要发生的事。(事先考虑要做某事)- Tom is in hospital.- Yes, I know. I am going to see him this afternoon.We are going to have a journey to the Great Wall next month.2021/8/11 星期三29She said that she was going to visit Europe with her parents in the summer vacation.她说她打算在这个暑假同父母一起到欧洲旅游。be goin

20、g to 还可以表示现在的迹象，对未来进行推断。Look at the dark clouds. It is going to rain.2021/8/11 星期三30 will/shall do (shall只用于第一人称）表示将要发生的事， 是最常用的形式。（事物固有的属性或必然趋势；临时决定要做某事）Fish will die without water.- You left the light on.- Oh, so I did. I will go and turn it off.2021/8/11 星期三31本周末我市将有一场足球比赛。There will be a footbal

21、l match in our city this weekend. 今天下午我们要去医院看望我们的老师。We shall go to the hospital to see our teacher this afternoon.2021/8/11 星期三32be about to表示即将的将来要发生某事。很少与表示将来的具体时间状语连用, 但可以和when引导的状语从句连用。 他正要离开这时电话铃响了。 He was about to leave when the telephone rang. 我正要跳河这时有个男的对我高呼。 I was about to jump into the riv

22、er when a man shouted to me.2021/8/11 星期三33有些表示移动的动词如come, go, stay, arrive, leave, begin, start, fly, get, reach等, 可以用进行时表将来。 如: 下月我们要飞往巴黎。 Next month, we are flying for Paris. 你何时去广州。 When are you getting to Guangzhou?2021/8/11 星期三34 有些动词如：take, have, take off, leave, start, arrive, etc.可用一般现在时表将来

23、，表示按照时刻表或计划将要发生的事。如：你什么时候进行英语考试？When do you take your English exam?飞机每天下午三点起飞。The plane takes off at 3:00 in the afternoon tomorrow.2021/8/11 星期三35 在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，用一般时表将来。 如： 如果你来参加我的生日晚会， 我会很高兴的。 If you come to my birthday party, Ill be very happy. 当你来时我会告诉你一切。 When you come here, Ill tell you wha

24、t happened.2021/8/11 星期三36考题： -Did you tell Julian about the result?-Oh, no, I forgot. I _ her now. A. will be calling B. will call C. am going to call D. am to callB解析: 分析四个选项可知, 只有B项表示临时作出的决定或产生的想法。A项表示将来某一时刻正在发生的事; C项可表示预先安排好的要发生的动作; D项表示早就有的打算。2021/8/11 星期三37考题： -Susan, you didnt come to the par

25、ty last night. -I _, but I suddenly remembered I had homework to do.A. had to B. would C. was going to D. wouldntC解析: 结合语境可判断出“我”原本打算参加晚会的，但突然想起来有作业要做(而没去)，故用was going to, 表示“事先已经考虑好要做某事”2021/8/11 星期三38考题：- Ann is in hospital.- Oh, really? I _ know. I _ go and visit her. A. didnt; am going to B. don

26、t; would C. dont; will D. didnt; willD解析: 结合语境可知“我”之前不知道 Ann住院了, 临时决定要去看望她，因此第一空用一般过去时, 第二空用will表示临时决定要做某事。2021/8/11 星期三39考题：My parents have promised to come to see me before I _ for Africa.A. have left B. leave C. left D. will leaveB解析： 我父母答应在我动身去非洲前来看我。由此可以看出，“动身去非洲”是一个将要发生的动作。因此时间状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来。

27、2021/8/11 星期三40考题：Stand over there and you _ able to see the oil painting better.A. are B. will be C. were D. would be B解析: 此句构成“祈使句+and/or+陈述句”结构, 其中and/or后的句子中的谓语常用“will+动词原形”。2021/8/11 星期三41(2) carry out 实现；完成；实行。强调结果，表示“实现”。如：我们必须实现会议精神。We must carry out the spirit of the conference. 既然我们已经制订了这个

28、计划， 下一步就是要认真执行了。Since we have made the plan, next we must carry it out carefully.工作做完我们才会停止。We wont stop until we have carried out my plan. 2021/8/11 星期三42联想 carry on继续；连续。 强调过程，表示“执行”。如：尽管天色已晚，但他们还在继续赶路。They carried on with their journey although it was very late.尽管条件极端困难，我们必须坚持下去，直到成功。We must carr

29、y on till success in spite of the extremely difficult conditions.我们的计划必须执行下去直到将它实现。Our plan must be carried on until it is carried out.2021/8/11 星期三43考题：The meal over, the managers went back to the meeting room to _ their discussion. （2008年天津高考卷）A. put away B. take down C. look over D. carry on D解析：

30、 吃完饭后，经理回到会议室继续讨论。carry on“继续” 的意思。2021/8/11 星期三445. It guaranteed the closure of the dam across the Changjiang River. 这有力地确保了长江流域的成功。(1) guarantee n. 1)保证; 担保;保证书Dont forget to ask for guarantee when you buy commodities.当你购买商品时可别忘了索要保证书。The Partys correct leadership is the guarantee of our victorie

31、s.党的正确领导确保了我们的胜利。2021/8/11 星期三452) 担保品：抵押品He offered his house as a guarantee. 他以房屋为担保。3) 担保人Dont worry, I may stand guarantee for her. 别担心，我可以作她的担保人。2021/8/11 星期三46(stand guarantee for. 替担任保证人) If you want to study abroad, you must have a guarantee.如果你想留学的话，你必须找一个担保人。2021/8/11 星期三47(2) vt. 对提出担保My

32、watch is guarantee for one year.我的表保修一年。As Party Members we must guarantee to carry out the Partys tasks.作为党员, 我们必须保证完成党的任务。Many shopkeepers guarantee satisfaction to customers. 许多店主对顾客保证满意。2021/8/11 星期三486. people gathered at the bank to see them off.父老乡亲们齐聚岸边为他们送行。(1) gather vt. vi.1)使集合；聚集The tea

33、cher gathered the pupils round her to tell them a fable.老师把学生们聚集在她周围给他们讲个寓言故事。2021/8/11 星期三49We are going to gather under the clock tower and head for the picnic spot.我们将在钟楼下集合前往野餐地点。During the flood all the people gathered on the roof and waited for the coming of helpers.在洪水中许多人都聚集在屋顶等待救援。 2021/8/1

34、1 星期三502) 收集；搜集Next we should try to gather as much information as possible on this topic.下一步我们要就该题目尽可能多地收集信息。2021/8/11 星期三513) 采集；收拾；收获Gather your toys up. 把你的玩具收拾起来。4) 推断；得出结论；了解What did you gather from his statement? 你推想他的生命是什么意思？I gather she won the first prize, since she came out of the hall wi

35、th a crowd of reporter following her.我猜想她是得头奖了，因为她从大厅里出来时后面跟着急着。2021/8/11 星期三52【联想】 gather 所构成的常用短语gather crops 收庄稼 gather flowers采花gather information on 收集某方面的信息 gather experience积累经验gather strength回复体力 gather taxes收税gather ones brows皱眉 gather from从推测，从获悉gather oneself up 鼓足勇气，打起精神，集中全力 2021/8/11 星

36、期三53辨析 gather 和collect 都含有“收集”，“聚集”的意思，常可通用。gather 系常用词，指“收集”、“聚集”、“集合在一起的，也可指把分散的东西或抽象 的东西（如信息，力量）聚集起来。如：她根本无法整理她散乱的思绪。She cant gather her scattered thoughts at all.云在聚集。The clouds are gathering.2021/8/11 星期三54collect指“有计划、有选择地收集；收藏”。当我们要有计划，有条理，为某种目的而进行细致的、有选择的收集时，用collect不用gather。如: 当他还是一个孩子时，他就养

37、成了集邮的习惯。As a child he formed a habit of collecting stamps.我叔叔收集了各种各样的古硬币。My uncle collected various of ancient coins.2021/8/11 星期三55see sb. off 为某人送行如：对不起，我不能到机场去送你了，因为我妈妈病了。Im sorry, I cant go to the airport to see you off, because my mother is ill.所有的学生都聚集在门口为他们的老师送行。All the students gathered at t

38、he gate to see their teacher off.2021/8/11 星期三567. As the passenger liner was pulling out, the migrants on board waved their hands to those who had not yet been evacuated, tears rolling down their cheeks. 随着客轮缓缓驶出港口，船上的移民使劲地向尚未迁移的乡亲们挥手告别，热泪早已夺眶而出。 2021/8/11 星期三57(1) pull out (军队)撤离；(火车，船)开出 去北京的火车每天

39、下午三点钟出发。The train for Beijing pulls out at 3 pm. 联合国的维和部队撤出了那个地区。The peace-preserving army of the United Nations pulled out of the area.2021/8/11 星期三58 抢到前头 脱身; 逃出(路上车辆)开始开动 拆毁; 推毁；推翻 穿, 戴(袜子，手套等) 努力实现计划 联想 pull所构成的常用短语：pull aheadpull awaypull downpull onpull off a plan2021/8/11 星期三59联想 pull所构成的常用短语

40、： pull for pull in pull oneself together pull through pull round pull together pull up朝驶去;力图到达(火车)进站;到站 振作起来;冷静下来 脱离危险期;恢复健康 使克服困难;渡过难关 齐心协力(使)停下2021/8/11 星期三60(2)tears rolling down their cheeks是 “独立主格”作伴随状语, 其结构为:n.+v-ingI cant go to sleep, children singing loudly outside.由于孩子们在外面高声歌唱, 我无法入睡。(原因状语)

41、注意 “独立主格”前往往加with如:由于老师的指导, 我们的实验很快就成功了。With the teacher instructing in the experiment, we succeeded very soon.2021/8/11 星期三61联想独立主格的其他结构: with+ n. /pron. +介词短语The teacher came into the classroom with a book in his hand.= The teacher came into the classroom, book in hand. with +n. /pron. +副词With Mr

42、Smith away, weve got more room.2021/8/11 星期三62 with+ n./pron. +不定式With so many dishes to wash, he couldnt go out for play. with + n./pron. +过去分词The man was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back. with +n./pron. +形容词In winter I like sleeping with all windows open.2021/8/11 星期三638. Even befor

43、e the arrival of 150 families, the people of Guangrao County put the settlement of the migrant above all else. 早在这150户移民抵达之前, 广饶人就已经把他们的安置工作当成了头等大事来抓。2021/8/11 星期三64put above all else/ putabove anything else意 “把.置于重要地位, 把.当成头等大事来抓”。如:我们必须把学生的安全置于首要地位。We must put the security of the students above al

44、l else.人们的医疗保险应该当成大事来抓。The medical care of the people should be put above anything else.2021/8/11 星期三65 联想put常用短语 put about put across put aside put away 散步(消息);宣称 解释;表达 节省(钱,时间); 储存以备用;储蓄收好;放好;储存(钱); 储存以备用;储蓄2021/8/11 星期三66put downput forwardput input off put onput output throughput upput up withas

45、 sb put it写下;记下;控制;击败;平定;取缔提出(意见,建议);推荐;提名;推举打断;插嘴;进港;进入并作短暂停留延期;推迟表演;演出;上演(戏剧);穿上;戴上熄灭;关熄,扑灭接通电话举起;抬起;张开(伞);张贴;公布忍受;忍耐;受苦正如某人所说/所表达2021/8/11 星期三67考题：My mother opened the drawer to _ the knives and spoons. (2010年全国卷) A. put away B. put up C. put on D. put together解析： 我妈妈打开抽屉其目的是为了把小刀和汤匙收好。A2021/8/11

46、 星期三68考题：Just as Professor Scotti often _ it, success is ninety-nine percent mental attitude. (2009年安徽卷)A. get B. makes C. puts D. meansC解析： as sb puts it 意为 “正如某人所说的那样”2021/8/11 星期三699. They set apart land and built houses for them. They made arrangements for the children to go to school. 他们划拨出了土地为

47、移民修建了安居房, 他们为解决移民子女就读的问题做出了安排。2021/8/11 星期三70 (1) set apart 留出;拨出如: 他们为饥饿的难民拨出了一些粮食。They set apart some food for the hungry refugees.他们留出了一笔款项来增添新设备。They set apart a sum for new equipment.2021/8/11 星期三71 联想 set的常用短语: set about doing set an example to sb. set down set oneself against set free set eye

48、s on 着手/开始做某事 为某人树立榜样放下;记下;登记 反对;与对抗释放看见 2021/8/11 星期三72set ones dace againstset ones mind toset fire to sth.set sth. on fireset off (for)set out to do sth.set sail forset upbe set ina set of (books)坚决反对专心于(某一工作)对放火/火上加油 使着火动身;出发(去)开始/着手/准备做某事扬帆开航去竖起/支起;建立以为背景一套书2021/8/11 星期三73考题：Linda, make sure th

49、e tables _ before the guests arrive. (2010全国卷) A. be set B. set C. are set D. are settingC解析： set 意为 “放,置” 2021/8/11 星期三74(2) make arrangement = arrange 为做安排make arrangement for 为做好安排make arrangement for sb. to do sth. 为某人安排好做某事如: 你今天的任务是为晚会做好准备。Your task today is to make arrangement for a party.202

50、1/8/11 星期三75你的假期做好安排了吗?Have you made arrangement for your vacation? 我们最好安排人质与家人见面。Wed better make arrangement for the hostages to meet their family.政府已经安排好了穷孩子上学。The government has made arrangement for the poor children to go to school.2021/8/11 星期三7610. The villagers beat drums and lit firecrackers

51、 as if they were celebrating a festival.村民们敲锣打鼓放鞭炮，像过节一样热闹。 as if = as though “好像”，其用法如下：2021/8/11 星期三77(1) 在通常情况下，as if和as though所引导从句的谓语动词多用虚拟语气，表示所叙述的情况与事实相反。1) 谈论现在情形的，用过去时（动词be用were, 也可用 was） 。He looked after me so well as if I were his wife.他无微不至地照顾我，好像我是他妻子一样。2021/8/11 星期三78When I spoke to hi

52、m, he gave me a glassy (呆滞的) look, as if he was / were hardly aware of my presence. 当我跟他谈话时，他呆呆的望着我，好像他不明白我。2021/8/11 星期三792) 谈论过去情形的动词形式有以下几种： 过去式，表示过去的状态。 He stared at me as if I were mad.他目不转睛地盯着我，好像我是疯子一样。2021/8/11 星期三80 过去完成时，表示过去的动作先于主句动词而发生或完成。It was as if he had lost his last friend. 他好像失去了他

53、最后一个朋友。He looked as if he had seen a ghost.他看起来好像见到鬼似的。2021/8/11 星期三81 过去进行时，表示动作正在进行。He heard a noise as if someone was breathing. 他听到一个声音，好像友人在呼吸。 过去将来时，表示将要发生的事态。It looked as if it was going to rain. 天看起来好像要下雨似的。2021/8/11 星期三82(2) 如果 as if / though 后面的从句所表示的情况是真实的或很可能是真实的，则动词可以用陈述语气，在 feel, look,

54、 seem, sound, taste之后尤其如此。试比较： He walked as if he was drunk. - He walks as if he were drunk. It looks as if it is going to rain. - It looks as if it were going to rain.2021/8/11 星期三83(3) 在非正式文体中，也可以不用虚拟语气而用陈述语气。 Teenagers may talk as if they know it all, but statistics tell a different story.十来岁的儿童谈

55、话好像什么都知道适得似的，但统计数据显示这并非如此。2021/8/11 星期三84(4) as if / though 从句中的省略： 当as if 和 as though 从句的主语与主句主语一致时，该主语和后面的动词可以省略。as if 不定式He opened his lips as if (he were) to make some reply.他张着嘴，好像要作出回答。2021/8/11 星期三85as if 形容词或形容词短语He lay still for a long while, as if dead. 他长时间地静静地躺着，好像要死人一样。She felt as if un

56、able to put up with such a life.她感觉到无法忍受这样的工作。2021/8/11 星期三86as if 现在分词John paused as if expecting Mary to speak. 约瀚暂停了会儿, 好像希望玛丽说点什么。as if 名词He acted as if (he was) a fool. 他的行为像傻子一样。as if 副词He said that as if absently. 他那样说着，好像似无心的。2021/8/11 星期三8711. When the migrants arrived, they were invited to

57、 have jiaozi, a traditional food many people have at Spring Festival, with the 150 families chosen to help them settle down. 移民刚到广饶，就立刻被精心选出来帮助他们安置的150户村民请到了家里，美美地品尝了春节传统佳肴-饺子。2021/8/11 星期三88 (1) many people have at Spring Festival 在句子中作非限制性定语从句，修饰jiaozi的。a traditional food是jiaozi的同位语。With the 150 f

58、amilies是和the were invited to have jiaozi连在一起的，即they were invited to have jiaozi with the 150 families。2021/8/11 星期三89(2) chosen to help them settle down是过去分词短语作定语，相当于“that were chosen to help them settle down”。The number of the people injured in the accident has increased greatly.事故中受伤的人数大大的上升了。The

59、building completed last year is used for teaching.去年落成的大楼现被用作教学。2021/8/11 星期三9012. However, their migration has given them an opportunity to improve their production conditions and life style.不过移民广饶已经为他们提供了一个改善生产条件和生活方式的契机。Opportunity n. 机会；时机I have been offered a job. Its a great opportunity.我找到了一份

60、工作，这是一个很好的机会。Ill have another opportunity to visit Canada next year.明年我又有一次机会去参观加拿大。2021/8/11 星期三91【扩展】opportunity 的常用短语：offer sb. an opportunity 给某人一个机会 get an/the opportunity 得到一次机会make an / the opportunity 创造机会 miss an / the opportunity 失去机会seize an / the opportunity 抓住机会 take an / the opportunit