Unit 4语法特殊疑问词 to do以及must与have to-牛津译林版八年级英语下册

1、8BU4语法:特殊疑问词+to do不定式与must&have to知识点1：特殊疑问词+todo不定式.句法功能wh 词+不定式用作 decide、forget、remember understand、think 等的宾语 Millie has decided what to read.Daniel did not say who to talk to about this book.Simon forgot when to meet his friends.wh词+不定式可以做advise、ask show、teach、tell等引导的双宾语结构中的第二个 宾语，即直宾Mr Wu aske

2、d us which to choose as aftcr-school activities.The students asked their teacher when to hand in their work.Mille showed us what to do next.wh词+不定式可以作主语When to leave hasnt been decided yet.wh词+不定式可以作表语The question is how to find him.wh词+不定式还可以放在bc+形容词之后，此类形容词包括sure、clear等。Suzy was not sure who to as

3、k for help.Are you clear when to meet at the gate tomorrow?what、which、whose、how many以及how much等特殊疑问词还可以采用wh词+名词 +不定式的结构作为宾语。They are discussing which color to pian the walls.You can ask your parents how much money to lake with you.例题精讲.Have you decided to have the school trip?Not yet. It depends on

4、the weather.A. whenB. what C. how D. why分析：考察特殊疑问词。句意为一你决定什么时候去学校旅行了吗？ 一还没有。取决于天 气。when什么时候；what什么东西；how怎么做，why为什么，因此选A。.We have two rooms, but I cant decide.A.to live; to choose which oneB.lived; choose which oneC.to live in; which one to chooseD.live; which one分析：考察特殊疑问词。前空应该用动词不定式to live in做two r

5、ooms的后置定语，后 空考察“特殊疑问词which+名词+动词不定式”的结构。应选C。意点(I)套动词不定式的动词为不及物动词，需要加上后面的介词。Daniel did not decide who to talk to about this novel.I am not sure who to turn to for help when I have problems.(2)原那么上，wh词都可以接to do不定式，但是why不可以。Suzy will explain why to recommend this book.( X)Suzy will explain why she reco

6、mmends this book.( V)不过不定式不带to,那么可用why。Why not visit the local theater and enjoy Beijing Opera?Why stay at home?how用于该结构的注意点。有些动词后接how+不定式作宾语，how可以省略。I am going to learn how to swim =1 am going to learn to swim.但是有些动词后面接how+不定式作宾语，尽管其中的how无需翻译出来，但是不能将 how省略。Amy doesnt know how (o write the report.wh

7、词+不定式的结构可以与复合句转换。Sandy is wondering who she can ask for help.=Sandy is wondering who to ask for help.Millie showed us what we should do ncxt.=Millic showed us what to do next.what与how的选择。(疑问代词与疑问副词)what后接及物动词；how后接不及物动词。I dont know what to do with these books. VS I dont know how to deal with these b

8、ooks.I dont know what to do.VS I dont know how to do it.例题精讲3.We dont know it next. Leis go and ask Mr Li.A.what to do B.to do whatC.whcthcr to do D.to do whether分析：考察特殊疑问词+to do不定式。what to do后面不跟it； whether to do.意为是否 做总之，what/how + to do,这里的do是及物动词，如果是不及物动词，那么需要加介词， 而where/when/why/how+to do,这里的do

9、是不及物动词。知识点2： must和have tol.must的基本含义must表示主观上的义务，意思是必须You must keep quiet in the library.must表示推测，意思是一定。He must be at home now.must表示“偏要、非要”If you must smoke, please go out.must和have to的区别(1)意义区别musl表示说话人的主观看法，即主观上认为必须要做某事；have I。表示客观需要，客 观条件导致了必须要做某事。I must run away from them.He has to take his dau

10、ghter from school in the afternoon.(2)形式上的区别。have lo有人称、数、时态的变化,而must只有一种形式。I had to go out last night.He must go home next Friday.must的肯否认结构(l)表示可行性的反义：许可vs禁止即 can/may 与 mustnt-May I use your car?Yes, you may/can.(许可)You mustnt smoke in the library.(禁止)(2)表示必要性的反义：必须vs不必B|J must 与 dorft have to/don

11、t need to/needift doI must work hard now.We dont have to go to school at weekends.(3)表示可能性的反义：一定vs -定不即 must 和 cantHe must be in Shanghai now.He cant be in the office now.注意：must引导的一般疑问句用must作肯定回答,用dont have to/don,t need to/neednt作否认回答。一Must I finish my homework now?一Yes, you must.一No, you neednt/d

12、onH have lo/doni need【o（结尾 lo 不可省略）例题精讲：.Must I return the book now?-No, you. You can return it later.A.mustnt B.shouldnt C.dont have to D.cant分析考察情态动词。考察must引导的一般疑问句的回答方式，肯定回答为Yes, sb must, 否认回答为 No, sb dont need to/sb neednt/sb dont have to。不可以用 No, sb mustnt 来回答，因为mustif t只有禁止、不准的意思，没有不必的意思。应选C.M

13、ust I make the bed now, Mum?Noz you. You do it later.A. mustnt; must B. mustnt; may C. dont have to; may D. dont have to; must 分析：考察must引导的一般疑问句的否认回答，以及must和may的区别。考察must 引导的一般疑问句的回答方式，肯定回答为Yes, sb must,否认回答为No, sb dont need to/sb needn, t/sb don t have to, 不可以用 No, sb mustnt 来回答，因为 mustnt 只有 禁止、不准的

14、意思，没有不必的意思。所以排除A、Bo问句为“一妈妈，我必须现在整 理床铺吗？答句为：“不，你不必现在做。你可以稍后做”，而不是“不，你不必现在做。 你必须稍后做”与实际不符，排除D项，选C。. Its late. I sleep here.A. must B. have to C. has toD. had to解析:考查must和have to的区分，不是主观，而是被迫，那么用have to,排除掉A,考 虑时态，是一般现在时，排除C.D,应选B。【练习】一、单项选择-Must we finish the exercise today?-No, you .A. mustnt B. cant

15、 C. dont need D. dont have to- Wow, Wendy. Its cool to make a short video with your mobile phone.一Just with a software called Meipai. Let me show you.A.which to useB.how to use itC.vvhat to use D.where to useThere isnt much time left, so we hurry to the railway station.A.must B. have toC. shouldD. n

16、eed- 1 dont know next.Youd better tidy up your bedroom first.A.what lo do B. how to do C. what can I doD. how I can do-You leave without telling me where you,re going.Sorry, mom. I will never forget it.A.must B. mustnt C. have to D. dont have to- Why did Daniel talk to the librarian in the school li

17、brary just now?-He asked her.A.when to hand in the homework B. how to travel around the worldC. what to do with the computerD. where to find English dictionariesIf you dont know your hands, you can follow the seven-step hand-washing methodA.what to wash B. when to wash C. why to wash D. how to washB

18、y coach may be a good way, but wc havent decided to get there yet.A. whenB. whyC. whoD. howHow nice the building is! What is it for? It a hotel. But Im not sure.A. must be B. have to be C. may be D. can be一look! It be David in the classroom.It be him, because I saw him in the library a moment ago.A.

19、 may; mustnt B. must; cant C. can; cant D. mustnt; canhits the museum! So you know shouting is not allowed here.A. can B. could C. must D. mayExcuse me. Could you please tell me my car?Sure. Park it right here. Ill help you.A. how to stopB. where to parkingC. where to stopD. when to park-Lets go to

20、the concert tonight, Michael!一Sorry, I.1 have lo help my mother with the housework.A. mustnt B. may not C. needntD. cantYou jump onto the bus while it is moving. Its too dangerous.A. mayB. may not C. must D. mustnt-Do you know for help when we are in trouble at school?Yes, our teachers and friends.A. who should we askB. what to askC. who to askD. how should we ask二、词形填空一Could you tell me how(succeed) in making a speech in front of people?-Be confident.Li Feng did not know who(talk) to about