考研英语常用要点语法总结

1、考研考研1号系列图书考研真相写作160篇阅读基础90篇、定语从句的概念什么是定语从句？例:Arichpersonisnottheonewhohasthemost,butistheonewhoneedstheleast.用来修饰前面的名词或者代词的具有完整的主谓结构的句子就叫着定语从句。有两个必备的基本元素。一个是先行词；一个是关系词。1名词或代词做先行词。例:Helaughsbestwholaughslast.短语做先行词。Manyoflifesproblemswhichweresolvedbyaskingfamilymembers,friendsorcolleaguesarebeyondth

2、ecapabilityoftheextendedfamilytoresolve.3用句子做先行词。TheGreeksassumedthatthestructureoflanguagehadsomeconnectionwiththeprocessofthought,whichtookrootinEuropelongbeforepeoplerealizedhowdiverselanguagescouldbe.Iamastudentwhichyouallknow.当先行词与关系词被割裂时是如何表现的。如：Today,stepladderscarrylabelsseveralincheslongtha

3、twarn,amongotherthings,thatyoumight-surprise!-falloff.找先行词的方法。反证法。把它带进去。哪一个是通顺的，哪一个就是先行词。1翻译定语从句。2结合先行词的结构特点和位置特征在关系词之前寻找与定语从句的意思的有逻辑关系相符合的词。二、定语从句里面的关系代词的用法。1常用的关系代词：which,that,who,whom。Whom现在用的很少。前面有介词只能用which，不能用that。2关系代词在考试中的特殊情况。What:1)它是子母同体。相当于一个关系代词以及一个先行词。What前面不应该在出现先行词。如果前面已经偶一个关系词，就不能用w

4、hat来引导。例如：Youcanhaveeverythingwhatyoulike.what=allthat，所以这儿不能用what.All-isacontinuoussupplyingofthebasicnecessitiesoflifewhatistheneedthethingsneedforourneedsthatisneedwhat单独使用，后面不加名词。例如：Sheisnotwhatsheusedtobe.what后面加名词例如：WhatmoneyIhavehasbeengiventoyou.1997年考题：heknowsaboutitisoutofdateandinaccurate

5、WhatlittleSomuchHowmuchSolittleas4.引导定语从句。即可引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。引导限制性定语从句一般式固定用法。如as.as,such.asas引导非限制性定语从句例如：Iwasaboywhichyouknow.which可以用as替换。Asissooftenpointedoutknowledgeisatwoedgeweaponwhichcanbeusedequallyforgoodorevil.as引导限制性定语从句考试中往往考固定搭配。例如：Suchastudentasworkshardwerebesuretosucceed.tha

6、n作为关系代词可以引导定语从句Morefamiliesconsistofoneparenthouseholdsortwoworkingparents;consequently,childrenarelikelytohavelesssupervisionathome_wascommonintheAottiOionalB.thatC.whichD.as特i点ilystructure.1）than作为关系代词引导词在从句中一般必须做主语或者作宾语。2）than前面的主句必须要有比较级3）比较级所修饰的名词就是than指代的对象三、关系副词When引导的定语从句。1）先行词必须是表示时间的名词。Ors

7、othethinkinghasgonesincetheearly1980s,whenjuriesbeganholdingmorecompaniesliablefortheircustomersmisfortunes.2）如何区分when引导的定语从句和状语从句。用句子表示状语就是状语从句。例如：WhenIgotoschool,Iwillworkhard.从两方面区分：When引导的定语从句前一定有表示时间的名词；When引导的状语语从句前没有有表示时间的名词。从翻译的角度看如果是引导的定语从句可以不翻译。如果是状语从句就必须翻译成当时候。When=onwhichWherewhere=inwhi

8、chwhere引导的从句先行词必须是表示地点的名词。例如：IwasborninBeijingwheretheOlympicgameswillbeheld.先行词表示地点，不一定用where来引导。例如：IhaveneverbeentoBeijing,butitstheplace_.whereIdliketovisitinwhichIdliketovisitImostwanttovisittharIwanttovisititmo名词讲五个问题：一、名词从句的本质。1概念：就是把一个完整的句子当一个名词来使用。那么从句就具备了名词所具备的所有性质。主语、宾语、表语、位语。2.引导名词从句常用的连词

9、。有三类：1)that;2)whether,if;3)when,where,how等连接副词或what,who,whose等连接代词。That引导的名词性从句不能做任何句子成分。what一定在从句中充当主语或者宾语。Which和whose后面必须接名词。例如：Concernswereraised_witnessmightbeencouragedtoexaggeratetheirstoriesincourttoensureguiltyverdicts.A.whatB.whenC.whichD.that多重的名词从句现象。例如：IrealizedthatwhatIsaidwasnotexactly

10、whatmeanttosay.考题：Prof.Leesbookwillshowyoucanbeusedinothercontexts.thatyouhaveobservedthathowyouhaveobservedhowthatyouhaveobservedhowwhatyouhaveobserved二、名词从句中的主语从句主语从句有如下几种表示方式：1.用which,that放在句首引导主语从句。例如：Thattheseasarebeingoverfishedhasbeenknownforyears.3用itis+ved+that例如：Itisbelievedthatyouaregoodb

11、oy.3.用whether引导主语从句。例如：Whethertheeyesarethewindowsofthesoulisdebatable.三、宾语从句需要掌握的几点：及物动词后面的宾语从句。20XX年例句：Doyourememberallthoseyearswhenscientistsarguedthatsmokingwouldkillus?四、表语从句就是一句话做另一个句子的表语。就是把从句放在系动词的后面。1997年例句：AreportconsistentlybroughtbackbyvisitstotheUSishowfriendly,cautiousandhopefulmostAm

12、ericansweretothem.五、同位语从句考研考研1号英语精品，祝您考研成功!考研考研1号系列图书考研真相写作160篇阅读基础90篇定语从句的区别：引导宾语从句和定语从句的的that,which可以省能省略。定语从句中的that必须在从句中扮演主语或者宾语。定语从句的区别：引导宾语从句和定语从句的的that,which可以省能省略。定语从句中的that必须在从句中扮演主语或者宾语。2分。例如：Thereisapopularsayingthatfamilyinstabilitycausessocialinstability.that不做句了成分。状语从句1状语从句的本质。就是用一个句子来

13、作另外一个句子的状语。状语从句的分类：时间状语、地点状语、原因状语、结果状语、目的状语、条件状语、让步状语、比较状语、方式状语。20XX年例句Strangely,somepeoplefindthattheycansmellonetypeofflowerbutnotanother,_othersaresensitivetothesmellsofbothflowers.A.wheHB.sinceC.forD.whereas难点：When常考的句型：Hardly.when;whenitcomesthat;whenitcomesto;1991年例句：tospeakwhentheaudienceinte

14、rruptedhim.A.HardlyhadhebegunB.NosoonerhardlyhadhebegunC.NotuntilhebeginD.Scarcelyhadhebegin1998年例句：Doingyourhomeworkisasurewaytoimproveyourtestscores,andthisisespeciallytrueitcomestoclassroomtests.A.beforeB.asCsinceD.when2地点状语从句Where引导地点状语一般总是放在主句的后面。例如：Adrivershouldslowerdownwherethereareschools.原

15、因状语从句Since从起；因为比较特殊的连词：inthat因为的意思。例句：Thegirlislikehermotherinthatshealsohasverydelicatefeeling.Nowthat.因为；giventhat.目的状语从句lest.唯恐，害怕;forfear当心，害怕引导的是虚拟语气。谓语是should+动词原形。should常省略。结果状语从句有两种引导法so.that;sothat;such.that;suchthat20XX年例句：Conversationbecomesweakerinasocietythatspendssomuchtimelisteningand

16、beingtalkedtoithasallbutlostthewillandtheskilltospeakforitself.A.asB.whichC.thatD.what把so.that;sothat;such.that;suchthat中的so或such放在句首形成倒装句。例如：Sofastdoeslighttravelthatitisdifficultforustoimagineitsspeed.考研考研1号英语精品，祝您考研成功!考研考研1号系列图书考研真相写作160篇阅读基础90篇示结果totheextent(ttosomeextent6.示结果totheextent(ttosome

17、extent6.条件状语从难点：onlyif在某种程度上I导less；onlyif是只有的意思,ifonly是只要意思。2000年例句:Hecancontinuetosupporthimselfandhisfamily_heproducesasurplus.A.onlyifB.muchasC.longbeforeD.eversince要记住：supposing(that);provided(that);onconditionthat.例如：Hewillsurelyfinishedjobontimehehaslefttodoitinhisownway.A.inthatB.incaseC.asfa

18、rasD.solongas7.让步状语从句although;though;evenif;eventhough1997年例句：_itseconomycontinuestorecover,theUSisincreasinglybecominganationofparttimersandtemporaryworkers.A.EventhoughB.NowthatC.IfonlyD.Providedthat20XX年例句：Alltheseconditionstendtoincreasetheprobabilityofachildcommittingacriminalact,established.A.

19、providedB.sincedirectcausalA.EventhoughB.NowthatC.IfonlyD.Providedthat20XX年例句：Alltheseconditionstendtoincreasetheprobabilityofachildcommittingacriminalact,established.A.providedB.sincedirectcausalC.althoughrelationshiphasnotyetD.supposingbeen表示让步转折的介词：inspiteof;despite表示让步转折的介词：inspiteof;despite例如：w

20、hatheachievedinmedicineheremainedmodest.A.DespiteB.AlthoughC.IfA.DespiteB.AlthoughC.IfD.WhereasHowever;nevertheless;nonetheless1998年例句：Thisview;_,isgenerallythoughttobewrong.A.howeverB.meanwhileC.thereforeD.moreoverA.howeverB.meanwhileC.thereforeD.moreoverWhile当.时候；然而，但是重点：与as有关的让步状语从句由as引导的倒装句adj.,

21、adv.,分词，名词，短语+as+主语+谓语。例如：Childasheis,hecanrememberalotofthings.as或so+adj+as+主谓结构例如：AsmuchasJohnhatestodoit,hemuststayathomeandstudytonight.8.比较状语从句重点讲倍数为题倍数+比较级AisthreetimesbiggerthanB.倍数+as.as结构。AisthreetimesasbigasB.倍数+名词结构AisThreetimesthesizeofB.Nomorethan特点：1.Nomorethan=notanymorethan2从功能上看往往表示两个事物之间的类比