高考英语二轮语法巩固-《非谓语动词》专题讲练(含答案)

1、高考英语二轮语法巩固非谓语动词专题讲练【正误比对】误区之一谓语动词与非谓语动词的误用(1)【误】 The lady walked around the shops, kept an eye out for bargains.【正】 The lady walked around the shops, keeping an eye out for bargains.分析kept改为keeping/and kepto句子主语lady和keep之间是主动关系，而 且walk和keep同时发生，故用现在分词作伴随状语或加and变为并列谓语。(2)【误】 Today there are more airp

2、lanes carry more people than ever before in the skies.【正】 Today there are more airplanes carrying more people than ever before in the skies.【正】 Today there are more airplanes which/that carry more people than ever before in the skies.分析此句是there be结构，故carry应用非谓语形式或定语从句。因airplanes 和carry之间是主动关系，故用现在分词

3、carrying作定语，相当于which/that carryo 句意:现在天空中比以前有更多的飞机运送更多的乘客。误区之二过去分词与现在分词的误用【误】 Seeing from the top of the tower, the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees.【正】 Seen from the top of the tower, the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees.分析Seeing改为Seen。此处是非谓语动词作状语，逻辑主语the south foot of the m

4、ountain与see之间是被动关系，且其动作在谓语动词动作发生之前已经完 成，故用过去分词。(2)【误】 I am awfully tiring, but I know 1,11 never fall asleep.【正】 I am awfully tired, but I know PH never fall asleep.分析tiring改为tired。修饰人，应用过去分词tired表示“劳累的，疲劳的”。误区之三动名词和不定式的误用(1)【误】 We dont allow to smoke in the lecture hall.【正】 We dont allow smoking in

5、 the lecture hall.分析to smoke改为smoking。allow接动词作宾语时，要用v.-ing形式;接宾语 补足语时，要用allow sb to do sth结构。(2)【误】 Passengers are permitted carrying only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane.【正】 Passengers are permitted to carry only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane.分析carrying改为to carryo permit接动词作宾语时

6、，要用v.-ing形式;接主语补 足语时，要用be permitted to do sth结构。(3)【误】 Fve been looking forward to hear from you.【正】 Ive been looking forward to hearing from you.分析hear改为hearing。短语look forward to中的to为介词，故接动名词作宾 语。误区之四非谓语作补足语的误用(1)【误】 This boy was seen come late this morning.【正】 This boy was seen to come late this m

7、orning.分析come前加too感官动词see, watch,notice等动词转换为被动结构时，其 后不定式需要带t。(2)【误】 I looked up and noticed a snake wind its way up the tree to catch its breakfast.【正】I looked up and noticed a snake winding its way up the tree to catch its breakfast.分析wind改为winding。根据语境可知,wind its way与snake之间为主动关系 且此动作正在进行，故用现在分词作

8、宾补。误区之五非谓语和祈使句的误用(1)【误】 Following the road round to the right and youH find his house.【正】 Follow the road round to the right and you11! find his house.分析Following改为Follow。分析句子结构可知，此句是一个祈使句，故Following 改为 Follow o(2)【误】 Follow the road round to the right, she found his house.【正】 Following the road rou

9、nd to the right, she found his house.分析Follow改为Following。分析句子结构可知，此句是分词作状语，由于逻辑 主语she与follow之间是主动关系,故用现在分词followingo【考点归纳】非谓语动词概述非谓语动词包括不定式(to do)、动名词(-ing)、现在分词(-ing)与过去分词(-ed)o它们不受主语人称和数的限制,在句子中不能单独充当谓语，但可以充当句子 的其他成分,并且有时态和语态的变化。所以，要正确使用非谓语形式，一定要充分理解不同形式所表达的意义，要明 确非谓语动词与逻辑主语之间是“主动”还是“被动”关系，所表示的动作是

10、“过去”、 “现在”还是“将来”，以及和谓语动词所表示的动作是同步发生还是有先后之分。下面是非谓语结构及其意义一览表:动词不定式动名词现在分词过去分词(to do)(doing)(doing)(done)相当于名词、形相当于形容词、副相当于名词，指经常相当于形容词、副词，往往意义容词、副词，往往词，本身兼有被动、性、习惯性的动作有现在意味有将来意味完成意义充当句主语、宾语、表主语、宾语、表语、表语、宾补、定语、语、宾表语、宾补、定语、状语子成分定语状语补、定语、状语形主动一式般式to dodoingdoingdone被动式to be donebeing donebeing done无主动完to

11、 havehaving donehaving done无成式done被动完to havehaving beenhaving been于成式been donedonedone否定式在上述各种非谓语动词形式之前直接加not考点一不定式和动名词作主语规则1带逻辑主语的动名词结构作主语时，可以和主语从句之间相互转换。His being elected our team leader made us all very excited.=That he was elected our team leader made us all very excited.他被选为我们的队长，这使我们都很兴奋。规则2不定

12、式、动名词都可作主语，但动名词作主语多指抽象的、概念性的动作, 可以是多次的、经常的行为;不定式多表示具体的动作，尤其是某一次的动作。Smoking is forbidden in public places.（习惯性的）It is impossible to go swimming this afternoon.（具体的）温馨提示下列句型中常用动名词作真正的主语：no use/good not anyusejgoodIt is/was+L诳也use/gooa+doing sth 做某事无益It was no use pretending that I had not seen him, so

13、 I waved to him.当我意识到不能假装没看见他时，我只好向他打了个招呼。考点二不定式和动名词作宾语规则1下列动词或词组只能用动名词作宾语,请牢记下面的口诀：考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想。避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏。禁止想象才冒险，不禁介意准逃亡。consider5suggest/advisejook forward to,excuse/pardon; admit,delay/put off,fancy（想象，设 想);avoidjniss,keep/keep on,practise;deny,finish,enjoy/appreciate;forbid,imagine,ris

14、k; cant help(禁不住),mind,aHow/permit,escape。be used/accustomed toJead to,devote to,go back to,stick to,object to,get down to.pay attention to,cant stand(无去忍 受),give up,feel likejnsist on,thaiik. .fbiapologize for,be busy (in),have difficulty/trouble (in),have a good/wonderfu 1/hard time (in),spend tim

15、e (in)等短语和动词词组后也要用动名词作宾语。I appreciate having been given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago.我非常感激两年前被给予了一个出国学习的机会。规则2下列动词只能用不定式作宾语,请牢记下面的口诀：决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装。主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮。decide/determinejearn,want,expect/hope/wish;refusejnanage,care,pretend:offenprom ise,choose,plan;agree,ask/beg,helpo此外

16、,afford,strive,happen,wait,threaten等也要用不定式作宾语。By all appearances, my choice of careers seems to have worked out.显然，我对职业生涯的选择似乎是成功的。规则3下列动词或词组既可以跟动名词作宾语，也可以跟不定式作宾语，但意义上 有区别，要特别注意：to do sth忘记要做某事(doing sth忘记已经做过某事(1 )forgetto do sth对即将做的事表示遗憾未做I doing sth对做过的事表示后侮已做 (2)regretto do sth尽力去做某事doing sth试着

17、做某事 (3)tryto do sth继续做另一件事I doing sth继续做原来做的事go on(5)rememberto do sth记着去做某事（未做） doing sth记着做了某事（已做）(5)rememberto do sth打算做某事doing sth意味着做某事 (6)meanWhat a poor memory! forgot borrowing money from him yesterday.But today I forgot to return the money to him.多么差的记忆力!昨天我忘了向他借过钱，但今天我乂忘了把钱还给他。规则4固定句型There

18、 is no good/point/sense/harm+doing sth.做某事不好/没用/没意义/没有害 处。(2)have difficulty/trouble/a probleni/a hard time/a good time/fun+(in)+doing (3)spend/waste time (in) doing sth(4)cannot help but do, can do nothing but do, have no choice/alternative but to do 表示“不得不(5)“Whynot+动词原形?”表示向某人提出建议，意为“为什么不?” (6)“w

19、ould rather/had betterH(not)+动词原形意为宁愿/最好(不)做某事 考点三不定式和分词作状语规则1动词不定式可以用作目的状语。Many airlines now allow passengers to print their boarding passes online to save their valuable time.现在很多航空公司为节省乘客的宝贵时间允许他们在线打印登机牌。规则2形容词或过去分词作表语时，后面可接不定式作原因状语。常见词有happyjucky,glad.sorry,ud,disappointed,angry5surprised,ready,

20、delighted.de venfoolish.pleased,fortunatejight 等0You will never know how happy I was to see her yesterday.你永远不会知道昨天看到她时，我是多么高兴。规则3only to do sth为不定式作结果状语，表示出乎意料的结果。We hurried to the station,only to be told that the train had left.我们急匆匆赶到车站，结果被告知火车已开走了。规则4如句子的主语是分词动作的发出者，就用现在分词形式(doing);若现在分词 的动作发生在谓

21、语动词所表示的动作之前，则用现在分词的完成形式(having done);若与句中主语为逻辑上的动宾关系，且先于谓语动词动作发生，用现在分词 完成式的被动形式(having been done)或过去分词(done)。The national park has a large collection of wildlife, ranging from buttei-flies to elephants.国家动物园有大量野生动物，从蝴蝶到大象都有。Ordered over a week ago,the books are expected to arrive any time now.这些书是一个

22、星期以前订购的，现在随时都可能到货。Having finished the work ahead of time, they were given a long holiday.提前完成了工作,他/她们得到了一个长的假期。规则5在“主语+系动词+表语(形容词)+to do”结构中，不定式的主动形式表示被动 意义。该结构中常用的形容词有 easy,hard,difficult,important,impossible,interesting, pleasant,nice,comfortable,safe,dangerous 等。The chair looks rather hard,but in

23、 fact it is very comfortable to sit on.这把椅子看上去很硬，但实际上坐上去很舒服。考点四不定式、动名词和分词作定语不定式、动名词和分词作定语的区别:to do/to be done作定语一般表示将来动 作;done表示已经完成的或表被动的动作;being done表示被动的、进行的动 作;doing表示正在进行的动作或者经常性的动作或现在(或当时)的状态;现在分 词的完成式一般不作定语。规则1主动结构作定语The professor to give us a lecture(=who will give us a lecture) tomorrow com

24、es from Beijing University.明天要给我们做讲座的是来自北大的一位教授。The professor giving us a lecture(=who is giving us a lecture) now comes fromBeijing University.正在给我们做讲座的是来自北大的一位教授。The professor who gave us a lecture yesterday comes from Beijing University.昨天给我们做讲座的是来自北大的一位教授。规则2被动结构作定语The problem to be discussed(=w

25、hich will be discussed) at the meeting is very important.会上将要讨论的问题非常重要。The problem discussed (=which was discussed) at the meeting is veryimportant.会上讨论过的问题非常重要。The problem being discussed(=which is being discussed) at the meeting is very important.会上正在讨论的问题非常重要。温馨提示使用to do/to be done作定语的情况。下列词语后常接不

26、定式作定语:chance, wish, right, courage, need, promise, time, opportunity, way, the first, the second, the last, the only 等。Who was the first one to get to the top of the hill yesterday?昨天谁是第一个登上山顶的人？不定式作定语和所修饰的名词在逻辑上有主动关系。Your mummys not here, so theres no one to look after you.你妈不在这里，所以没人可以照顾你。不定式与被修饰的

27、名词在逻辑上有动宾关系。I have a lot of work to do, and I intend to dedicate myself to doing it.我有很多工作要做，我会全身心地投入其中。考点五不定式和分词作宾语补足语 规则1感官动词带宾补的情况：结构公式（以 see 为例）:see+宾语+doing/done/do-be seen+doing/done/to do 结构意义:do, to do表示动作的全过程或经常性动作;doing表示主动的、正在进 行的动作;done表示完成的、被动的动作(如果是不及物动词则只表示完成的动 作)。此类动词及短语有:see, notice

28、, watch, observe, catch(sight of), listen to, hear, feel, find 等。She was seen to enter the meeting room.有人看到她走进了会议室。:A cook will be immediately fired if he is found smoking in the kitchen.如果厨师在厨房里被发现吸烟，他会被立即解雇。规贝! 2 hope, welcome, agree, suggest, demand 不能跟 sb to do sth,即不能带补语。hope sb to do sth 应改为

29、wish/expect sb to do sthwelcome sb to do sth 应改为 sb be welcome to do sthagree sb to do sth 应改为 allow/permit sb to do sthsuggest sb to do sth 应改为 advise sb to do sth/suggest sb (should) do sth demand sb to do sth 应改为 require sb to do sth/demand sb (should) do sth规则3使役动词make Jet,have,get后加复合宾语的情况：(1 )

30、get带宾补的情况:“get/send+宾语+doing”意为“使.起来”，表示由静止到运动并持续下去。get+宾语+to do sth=let/have sb do sth”表示“让某人做某事”。“get+宾语+done=have sth done”表示“使某事被做”。(2)make/let带宾补的情况：do让做宾语与宾补为逻辑上的主动关系done让被做make/let+宾语+宾语与宾补为逻辑上的被动关系(3)have带宾补的情况：“have+sth+done”意为“让某事被做”。“have+sb+doingsth”意为“让某人一直做某事”。“have+sb+d。sth”意为“让某人做某事”

31、。温馨提示have sth to be done意为“有要做的事情”(不是主语本人做);have sth to do意为“有某事要做”(主语本人做)。(4)keep/leave+宾语+doing(主动，且持续进行)/done(被动)。(5)want/order/ask/wish/like+宾语+(to be) done(宾语与补语之间为被动关系)。(6)be reported/said/believed/. .+to do/to be doing/to have done 意为“据报道/说/认为/要做/正在做/做过某事”。【实战演练】【单句语法填空】By (eat) more fast foo

32、d people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.But Sarah, who has taken part in shows along with top models, wants (prove) that she has brains as well as beauty. .I was the first Western TV reporter (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wi

33、ld. Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal (create) special designs. The Chinese have used chopsticks for five thousand years. People probably cooked their food in large pots, (use) twigs(树枝)to remove it. (make) it easier to get in touch with us, youd better keep this card at hand.

34、Having finished her project, she was invited by the school (speak) to the new students.Newly-built wooden cottages line the street, (turn) the old town into a dreamland.A warm drink of milk before bed has long been the best choice for those (want) a good nights sleep.Everyone in this country should

35、work hard and do what they can (fight) against haze.lt was a great honour (invite) backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base, where ticket money helped pay for research.(approach) the vehicle, they saw that a woman was trying to get out of the broken window. They then heard a womans voice (come) fr

36、om the wrecked (毁坏的) vehicle.If you find something you love doing outside of the office, you*ll be less likely (bring) your work home. There are many common methods (use) to cook fish.16.In art criticism, you must assume the artist has a secret message(hide) within the work.17.To return to the probl

37、em of water pollution, Fd like you to look at a study (conduct) in Australia in 2012.18.1 had as much fun sailing the seas as I now do(work) with students.19.When the clerk saw a kind face wrinkled in an apologetic smile, she stood rooted to the ground, (wonder) whether to stay or leave.20.Sometimes

38、 I act as a listening ear for fellow students(talk) over what is bothering them.【单句改错】l.We can choose between staying at home and take a trip.showed them I was independent by wear strange clothes.He would ask who we were and pretend not to knowing us.A woman saw him crying and telling him to wait ou

39、tside the shop.After looks at the toy for some time, he turned around and found his parents were missing.【语篇语法填空】I made my first visit to China in 2008 and last year, I 1. (be) lucky enough to take part in an event called Shanxi in the eyes of fbreigiiers,Shanxi is Chinese for west of the mountains”, meaning the Taihang Mountains. For popular tourist attractions, Shanxi has Hengshan Mountain, one of Chinas five s