高考英语动词分类讲解

1、高考英语热点动词十五类动词是英语中最活跃的词类，是句子的核心成分。此外，英语动词的变化较多，形式颇为复杂，是英语学 习的难点之一。历届高考英语试题常把动词作为测试的重点，在单项填空题中所占比例在50%以上。笔者通过对近十年来的高考英语试题进行分析，归纳常考动词十五类，供大家参考。一、连系动词类 连系动词按其所表示的意义可分为以下四种： 1变化类表事物发展变化的过程，如become, go, turn, grow, get, fall 等。2感觉类表人体部位的感受，如 feel, smell, taste, look, sound 等。3状态类表事物所处的状态，如 keep, come, run

2、, remain, stand, lie, stay, prove 等。 4外表特征类表外表给人的印象，如appear, seem, look等。连系动词的作用是后接形容词或相当于形容词的结构作表语。除了少数几个 （如 feel, get, become, grow 等） 外，不用于进行时态和被动结构。例如：The mixture is tasted terrible. （误）The mixture tastes terrible （正）Jim pretended to be falling asleep when his mother came in. （误）Jim pretended to

3、 fall /be asleep when his mother came in. （正）Im feeling much better than ever before.It was getting darker and darker. Besides, a cold rain began to fall.【高考例题】（1）-Do you like the material? -Yes, it very soft. （NMET94）A. is feeling B. felt C. feels D. is felt（2）Why dont you put the meat in the fridg

4、e? It will fresh for several days. （NMET 03）A. be stayed B. stay C. be staying D. have stayed（3）The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain as the plane was making a landing. （04 春季高考上海卷）A. seat B. seating C. seated D. to be seating（4）Be careful when you cross this very busy street. If not

5、, you may run over by a car. （02 高考北京卷）A. have B. get C. become D. turn（5）Happy birthday, Alice. So you have twenty-one already. （04 天津卷）A. become B. turned C. grown D. passedSarah, hurry up. Im afraid you cant have time to before the party. (04 全国卷 II)A. get changed B. get change C. get changing D.

6、 get to change0n hearing the news of the accident in the coal mine, she pale. (04 湖北卷)A. got B. changed C. went D. appeared(8 )The flowers sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature. (04 上海卷)A. to smell B. smelling C. smelt D. to be smelt(9) Although he has taken a lot

7、of medicine, his health poor. (02 春上海卷)A. proves B. remains C. maintains D. continues(10) I love to go to the seaside in summer. It good to lie in the sun or swim in the cool sea.A. does B. feels C. gets D. makes( Key: CBCBB ACBBB )二、感官动词类常考的感官动词有 see, watch, notice, observe, hear, feel, find, catch

8、 等。感官动词的主要作用是后接非谓语动 词的不同形式作宾语补足语，表达不同的含义。1后接不带 to 的不定式表示一个发生过或者还没发生具体的动作。I often heard the song sung, but I have never heard you sing it.When you go to watch the football watch, you will enjoy seeing the Chinese football team win.2后接 V-ing 形式表正在进行的动作。Seeing the sun rising above the surface of the se

9、a, we let out a shout of joy.Hearing this, I felt my heart beating fast.3后接 V-ed 形式表被动意义。After his return twenty years later, he found his home town greatly changed.Although I had learnt some English, I had never heard a word of it spoken.【高考例题】The managers discussed the plan that they would like to

10、 see the next year. (NMET 2000)A. carry out B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry outA cook will be immediately fired if he is found in the kitchen. ( NMET 03)A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smokedThe missing boys were last seen near the river.A. playing B. to be playing C. play D. to playTh

11、e salesman scolded the girl who was caught and let her off. (NMET93)A. to have stolen B. to be stealingC .to steal D. stealingHe looked around and caught a man his hand into the pocket of a passenger.A. put B. to be puttingC. to put D. putting (04 春北京卷)( Key: CBADD)三、使役动词类表“致使”意义的动词称之为使役动词，如 make, l

12、et, have, keep, leave, set, send等。使役动词的作用是后接 非谓语动词的不同形式作宾语补足语，表达不同的含义。分以下三种情况：make, let have 等后接不带 to 的不定式，表“使让某人某物做某事”。Dont make him do it if he doesnt want to.If you have any problems, just let me know.在被动结构中不定式须带 to，但是 have 不用于被动结构中 .He was made to apologize to the guest.have, keep, leave, send,

13、set, get等后接 V-ing 形式，表持续性动作。Im sorry to keep you waiting for so long.Why do you have him worrying about his lessons?have, keep, leave等后接 V-ed 形式，表被动含义。He didnt keep on asking me the time until he had had his watch repaired.Ill keep you informed as soon as I have the news.【高考例题】Dont leave the water w

14、hile you brushyour teeth. (04 天津卷)A. run B. running C. being run D. to runLaws that punish parents for their childrens actionsagainst the laws get parents (04 重庆卷)A. worried B. to worry C. worrying D. worry-Why did you go back to the shop?-I left my friend there. (03 春安徽内蒙古卷)A. waiting B. to wait C.

15、 wait D. waitsIt was so cold that they kept the fire all night. (NMET91)A. to burn B. burn C. burning D. burned-Good morning, can I help you?-Id like to have this package ， madam.A. be weighed B. weighingC. weighed D. to weigh (NMET89)The speaker raised his voice but still couldnt make himself (NMET

16、91)A. hear B. to hear C. hearing D. heardAs you have never been there before, Ill have someone you the way. (94 上海卷)A. show B. to show C. showing D. showedPaul doesnt have to be made He always works hard. (NMET95)A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learningA computer can do only what thinking people

17、(99 上海卷)A. have it do B. have it doneC. have done it D. having it doneMrs. Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had had went wrong. (98 年上海卷)A. it B. it repaired C. repaired D. to be repaired( Key: BCACC DABAC )四、含情感色彩的动词这类动词有 excite, inspire, encourage, interest, satisfy, deli

18、ght, please, move, frighten, surprise, amaze, astonish, shock, worry, astonish, disappoint, discourage, exhaust, puzzle, tire, terrify 等。情感动词后接指人的名词或代词 作宾语，有 V-ing 和 V-ed 两种形式，在句中作宾语和表语， V-ing 形式指人， V-ed 形式则指事物。The story was so moving that everyone present was moved to tears.What disappointing resul

19、t! We were all disappointed with it.Climbing a hill was tiring and we were tired when we reached the summit.【高考例题】Nick is looking for another job because he feels that nothing he does his boss. (2000 春北京安徽内蒙古卷)A. serves B. satisfies C. promises D. supports-Im very with my own cooking. It looks nice

20、smells delicious.-Mm, it does have a smell. (02 春 NMET )A. pleasant; pleased B. pleased; pleasedC. pleasant; pleasant D. pleased; pleasantMr. Smith, of the speech, started to read a novel. (03 春北京卷)A. tired; boring B. tiring; boredC. tired; bored D. tiring; boringIt is believed that if a book is, it

21、 will surely the reader. (03 上海聋)A. interested; interestB. interesting； be interestedC. interested； be interesting D. interesting; interestAfter his journey from abroad, Richard Jones returned home .(04 春上海卷)A. being exhausted B. exhaustedC. exhausting D. having exhausted( Key: BDADB)五、后接不定式动词类affor

22、d, agree, choose, determine, expect, decide, learn, offer, mange, hope, want, wish, promise, refuse, fail, pretend, happen 等动词，后跟不定式作宾语。Thank you for offering to help, but I can manage myself.He learned to ride a bicycle when he was a small boy.【高考例题】We agreed here but so far she hasnt turned up yet

23、. (NMET95)A. having met B. meeting C. to meet D. to have metLittle Jim should love to the theatre this evening. (NMET92)A. to be taken B. to take C. being taken D. takingI dont know whether you happen ， but Im going to study in the U S A this September. (04 辽宁卷) A. to be heard B. to be hearingC. to

24、hear D. to have heardShe pretended me when I passed by. (NMET89)A. not to see B. not seeingC. to not see D. having not seenDo let your mother know all the truth. She appears everything. (01 高考上海卷)A. to tellB. to be toldC. to be telling D. to have been told( Key: CADAD)六、后接 V-ing 形式动词类该类动词常考的有 apprec

25、iate, avoid, bear, consider, dislike, delay, enjoy, escape, finish, hate, imagine, keep ， mind, miss, practise, postpone, resist, risk, stand, suggest 等。这些动词须接 V-ing 形式作宾语。例如； I dont mind waiting, but Ive got to stand in the cold wind.Have you considered making some necessary changes to your plan?On

26、ly by practising speaking English every day can you expect to improve your spoken English. 【高考例题】( 1) I would appreciate back this afternoon.A. you to call B. you callC. your calling D. youre callingWhile shopping, people sometimes cant help into buying something they dont really need. (96 年上海卷)A. t

27、o persuadeB. persuadingC. being persuaded D. be persuadedHe has always insisted on his Dr. turner instead of Mr. Turner. (92 上海卷)A. been called B. calledC. being called D. having calledI really appreciate to relax with you on this nice island. (04 年上海卷)A. to have had time B. having timeC. to have ti

28、me D. to having timeDo you mind alone at home? (94年上海卷)A. Jane leaving B. Jane having leftC. Janes being left D. Jane to be leftI can hardly imagine Peter across the Atlantic Ocean in five days. (NMET91)A. sail B. to sail C. sailing D. to have sailed ( Key: CBCBCC ) 七、后接不定式与 V-ing 形式意义不同动词类remember,

29、 try, regret, mean, forget, stop, go on, cant help 等后接不定式与 V-ing 形式作宾语，表达含义不同 见下表：动词接动名词作宾语 接不定式作宾语Remember 过去发生的动作 将来的动作try 尝试做某事 努力做某事regret对做过的事表示后悔 对要做的事表示遗憾mean意味着做某事 企图（打算）做某事cant help 禁不住做某事 不能帮助做某事go on继续做未完成的事情 做完一件事后，接着做另一件事forget忘记以前曾做过某事 忘记做某事stop中断正在做的事情 中断正在做的事去做别的事例如：I remember being

30、pad, but Ive forgotten the exact amount.Please remember to send me a photo of your son the next time you write to me.I dont really mean to work here, which means leaving the job soon afterwards.【高考例题】( 1 ) -The light in the office is still on. (NMET91)-Oh, I forgot .A. turning it off B. turn it offC

31、. to turn it off D. having turned it off-You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting. (NMET95) -Well, now I regret that.A. to doB. to be doingA. to doB. to be doingC. to have done D. having doneShe cant help the house because shes busy making a cake. (97上海卷)A. to clean B. cleaning C. cl

32、eaned D. being cleaned-1 usually go there by train. (NMET92)-Why not by boat for a change?A. to try going B. trying to go C. to try and go D. try going-Let me tell you something about the journalfists.-Dont you remember me the story yesterday? (99年高考上海卷)A. told B. telling C .to tell D. to have toldT

33、he library needs , but Ill have to wait until Sunday. (NMET92)A. cleaningB. be cleanedC. being cleaned D. clean1n some parts of London, missing a bus means for another hour. (02 春上海卷)A. waiting B. to wait C. wait D. to be waitingShe reached the top of the hill and stopped on a big rock by the side o

34、f the path. (NMET90)A. resting B. to have rested C. rested D. to restGo on the other exercise after you have finished this one. (NMET89)A. to do B. doing C. with D. to be doing( Key: BDADB RADA)八、进行时态表将来意义动词类这类动词一般为表位置移动或方向性动词，如go,come, start, arrive, take, leave, move 等。例如：When are going off to for

35、 Shanghai?Mary as well as her parents is leaving for California next month.【高考例题】Ive won a holiday for two to Florida. I my mum. (01 春 NMET)A. am taking B. have takenC. takeD. will have taken-What were you doing when he came to see you? (89 上海卷)-I had just put on my overcoat and visit a friend.A. le

36、aving B. was left C. left D .was leaving（3）-What were you doing when Tony phoned you ？-I had just finished my work and to take a shower. （04 天津卷）A. had started B. startedC. have started D. was starting（ Key: ADD）九、主动表被动动词类英语中有些动词可用其主动形式表达被动含义，可分为以下三种情况：1某些实义动词的主动形式后跟副词表示被动意义，这类动词有sell, wash, write,

37、last, read, wear 等。这种“动词副词”结构，常表示事物内部特有的属性。This kind of cloth washes well and lasts long.The pen my father gave me as a birthday gift writes smoothly.Written in simple English, this article reads easily.2某些及物动词转为不及物动词后，其主动形式表示被动意义，如open（打开，营业）， close（关门），shut（关闭）， cut（切割）， weigh 重 ）, act（上演）等。The do

38、or wont shut.This shop opens much earlier than it used to.Each stone weighs 2 tons.3某些不及物动词， 如 happen, occur, cost以及短语， 如 come ou（t 出版），come up（出现） ，come into being （产生） come to ones mind 想起）， turn out （证明是）， come about（发生）， break out 姆发）， belong to （属于）等，本身表被动含义，所以它们常用主动形式。The first textbooks writt

39、en for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 18th century. Suddenly an idea came to his mind.It never occurred to me to phone you.【高考例题】（1）The evening news comes on at seven oclock and only thirty minutes. （04 全国卷 II）A. keeps B. continues C. finishes D. lasts（2）-Mummy, can I put the

40、 peaches in the cupboard? （02 北京卷）-No, dear. They dont well. Put them in the fridge instead.A. keep B. fit C. get D. lastBooks of this kind well. (99 上海卷)A. sell B. sells C. are soldD .is sold( key: DAA)十、虚拟语气动词类insist, order, command, suggest, advise, propose, ask, require, request, demand等后接引导的宾语从

41、句时，谓语 动词须用“ (should) 动词原形”。The guard at the gate insisted that everyone should obey the rules.The rule requires that everyone, young or old, man or women, have his car checked once a year. 【高考例题】-How do you we go to Beijing for our holidays.-I think wed better fly there. Its much more comfortable. (

42、04 福建卷)A. insist B. want C. suppose D. suggestJanes pale face suggested that she ill, and her parents suggested that she a medical examination.(94 上海卷)A. be; should have B. was; haveC. should be; had D. was; has sent to work here? (02 上海卷)A. Who do you suggestB. Who do you suggest that shouldC. Do y

43、ou suggest who should D. Do you suggest whom should( Key: DBA) 十一、省略替代类 believe, think, suppose, guess, hope, expect, imagine, would like/ love, be afraid 等动词用于简略回答中， 后接 so 来替代肯定分句，用 not 来替代否定分句。或接 to 来替代前面内容相同的不定式，表示看法、意见、设想、 打算等。例如：-Do you think Norman would have lent me his car I had asked him to

44、?-Yes, I ,think so.-Will you be able to come to my birthday party?-Id love to, but Im too busy.注意： believe, think, suppose, guess 等用于否定回答时， 既可以说 I believe (think, suppose guess) not，也可以 说I dont believe (think, suppose guess) so，但用hope, expect, be afraid作否定回答时，只能说 I hope (expect) not 以及 Im afraid not

45、,【高考例题】-I believe weve met somewhere before. (2000 春季北京、安徽、内蒙古卷) -No, .A. it isnt the same B. it cant be trueC. I dont think so D. Id rather not-The boys are not doing a good job at all, are they? (03 春北京卷)A. I guess not so B. I dont guessC. I dont guess it D. I guess not-Do you think its going to r

46、ain over the weekend?-. (NMET94)A. I dont believe B. I dont believe itC. I believe not so D. I believe not( Key: CDD)十二、否定转移类think, believe, guess, suppose, imagine, expect等动词后接 that 引导的宾语从句时，从句若为否定结构，常将 否定词 not 前移到主句中。I dont think it is possible to learn a foreign language well without much memory

47、work.He doesnt think Tom will make an excellent player. 当该结构的主句主语为第一人称时，变为反意疑问句，后半句的主语和谓语简略形式应与从句保持一致， 否则与主句保持一致。例如：I dont think there is anything else I need, is there?He doesnt believe he will be able to solve the problems by herself, does he?【高考例题】I dont suppose anyone will volunteer, ？ (01 上海卷)A

48、. do I B. dont I C. will they D. wont theyMrs. Black doesnt believe her son is able to design a digital camera, ？ (02 上海卷)A. is he B. isnt he C. doesnt she D. does sheKey: C D) 十三、带介词 t0 的动词短语类 这类短语有 be （get） used to, lead to, devote to, look forward to, stick to, object to, get down to, there is no

49、 end to 等。当它们后面出现动词时，要用 V-ing 形式。例如：Ive got used to driving in all kinds of weather.As soon as she returned home from abroad, she got down to preparing supper for children. 注意区分介词 to 与不定式符号 to aHe used to drive on the right and now he is used to driving on the left. （used to 表“过去常常” ,to 为不定式符号， be u

50、sed to 表“习惯于” ,to 为介词）Im looking forward to seeing you soon. look forward to 意思是“盼望，期待”， to 为介词。）He looked forward to see what was happening. （look forward 意为“向前看”， to see 是不定式作目的状语。） 【高考例题】（1）Mr. Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to some schools for poor children. （01 上海卷）A. set up B. sett

51、ing upC. have set up D. having set up（2）The discovery of new evidence led to . （03 上海卷）A. the thief having caught B. catch the thiefC. the thief being caught D. the thief to be caught（3）She looks forward every spring to the flower-lined garden. （94 上海卷）A. visit B. paying a visit C. walking D. walking in（ Key: BCD）十四、瞬间（非延续性动词）类这类动词常考的有 go, come, leave, start, return, begin, arrive, stop, finish, borrow, lend, open, close, die, become, break, join, marry, employ, graduate 等。瞬间（非延续性动词）表短暂性的动作，因此不可与表“段时间” 的 for/ since 短语或 since 从句连用。例如：He has come here for three years.（误）He has been here