高中语法知识点总结

1、 如:If it rains tomorrow,we wont go on a park非真实条件句是虚拟语气的一种，表示与事实相反，如：If I were youj would go with him.so/as long as 只要l !：l as (so) long as,in case 弓I 导。So long as you re happyjt doesnt matter what you do.只要你高兴，你做什么都没有关系。You may borrow my book as long as you keep it clean.只要你保持书的清洁，你就可以把我的书借去。Take y

2、our umbrella in case it rains.带着你的伞吧，以防下雨。主句与从句时态一致的问题。在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，主句和从句之间的时态一致问题一般分下列 两种情况：.若主句是祈使句，或主句中有情态动词，或主句中谓语动词是一般将来时， 那么从句用一般现在时表示一般将来时。例如：Be careful when you cross the road.过马路时要小心。Put up your hand if you have any questions to ask.如果你们有问题要问的话,请举 手。The traffic must stop when the lights

3、are red.红灯亮时，车辆必须停下。.若主从句谓语动词都是述过去，那么主从句都可以用一般过去时。例如：She could sing when she was four years old.她四岁的时候就会唱歌。注意:在含有条件状语从句的复合句中，表示将来时态，主句是一般将来时态， 祈使句或情态动词，从句要用现在时态，主将从现原则（主将从现，将并非指将 来时，还指表示将来含义的，跟着if后的那句话是从句。名词所有格S和Of的用法和区别1用S表示主要表示有生命的事物或自然界独一无二的事物以及时间距离等所有格，如the worlds the suns, the earths, todays, y

4、esterdays 等。有生命的人或物的所有 格用飞表示,有时也可用of表示。如a mans voice=the voice of a man 0.单数名词词尾加“飞”，复数名词词尾没有S,也要加“飞”。例the boy，s bag男孩的书包men s room男厕所.若名词已有复数词尾又是s ,只加例 the workers struggle 工人的斗争.凡不能加“飞”的名词，都可以用“名词+of+名词”的结构来表示所有关系。例 the title of the song 歌的名字.在表示店铺或教堂的名字或某人的家时，名词所有格的后面常常不出现它所 修饰的名词。例the barbers理发店

5、.如果两个名词并列，并且分别有飞，则表示“分别有”;只有一个&则表示“共 有”。例 Jolm s and Mary s room（两间）Jolin and Marys 100111（一间）.在复合名词或短语中，飞加在最后一个词的词尾。例 a month or two，s absence.作为一个整体的词组，一般在最后一个词的词尾加飞。例an hour and a half s walk （步行一个半小时的路程）Carol and Charles5 boat （卡咯和查尔斯两人共有的船）.不定代词后接else,所有格放在else上。例 somebody else,s bag.下列情况可以将飞所有

6、格中的名词省略。1）名词所有格所修饰的词，如果前面已经提到，往往可以省略，以免重复。例 Tliis notebook is not mine, nor John飞,nor Peters.这个笔记本不是我的，也不 是约翰和比特的。The dictionaiy isnt mine, but Jenny飞.这本词典不是我的，而是珍妮的。2）名词所有格后面有指地点等的名词时，有的在习惯上可以省略。例 Before Cliiistmas, there were lots of customers at the Richarsons the doctois(office)医生的诊所my uncles(ho

7、use)我叔叔的家.起修饰作用的名词，如不表示所有关系，通常不用飞。例 room number tooth brush.以-s结尾的单数普通名词后仍然加s。如：The boss飞son, was anogant to all the employees.老板的儿子对所有雇佣人员都很 傲慢无礼。但若是以-s结尾的复数名词，其后则只加撇号。如：This shop sells ladies? hats.这家商店出售女帽。You dont belong in the beginners class.你不适合在初级班。若是以-s结尾的专有名词，则既可只加撇号，也可加，s。如：Dickens A Tale

8、 of Two Cities” is a literaiy classic.狄更斯的双城记是一部古 典文学作品。.若是儿个人共有的，在最后一个后加飞。如：This is Tom and Mike5s room.这是汤姆和迈克共住的房间。.表示时间、距离、金额、天体、国家或城市等的名词也用s表示。如：Ifs less than two hours，drive fiom here.开车到那里不到 2 个钟头。We visited some of the citys scenic spots.我们参观了这座城市的一些风景区。.飞所有格后的名词若是不言而喻时，或者是某人的住所、店铺、诊所等时， 通常省

9、略。如：We had a great evening at PauPs.我们在保罗家度过了 一个愉快的夜晚。She bought a bottle of vitamin tablets at the chemists.她在药房买了 一瓶维生素 片。2用of表示.名词的所有格形式除飞外，还可用of+名词构成短语修饰前面的名词或表示两 个名词间的所有关系。.使用名词所有格须注意：一般地说，飞所有格多用于有生命的东西，of所有 格多用于无生命的东西，但也有许多例外。1）表示天体的名词的所有格用&例 the suns heat the moons surface2）表示地区机构的名词的所有格用例 th

10、e citys developmentthe goveniments plan3）表示度量与货币价值的所有格用例 ten kilometres distance200 dollars worth of goods4）表示“有关”非所有关系的用of介词短语。例 students of the school the statue of liberty5）表示同位关系的用of介词短语。例 the city of Pisa6）表示部分或全部的用of介词短语。例 the bottom of the sea the majority of people7）表示抽象概念的用of介词短语。例 the cost

11、 of living the news of success8）名词本身带有后置修饰语或含有“the +形容词”表示一类人，其所有格用of介 词短语。例 the housing problem of the poorthe skills of the workers who have been well trained9）有些表示时间、距离等无生命和表示世界、国家、城镇等的名词，也可以在词 尾加飞或变成相应的所有格。例five minuteswalk五分钟的路程today?s newspaper 今天的报纸10）无生命的东西的所有格一般用。f表示。如：Lets meet in the bar

12、of the hotel.咱们在旅馆的酒吧间碰头。Yoifll find the answers at the back of the book.在书后你可找到答案。注：有生命的人有时也可川of构成所有格。如:Might I ask for a photograph of the baby?我可否要一这宝宝的照片？3飞和of双重表示我父亲的两个朋友来看我当被修饰的名词前有指示代词、疑问代词、不定代词或数词等限定词时.，用双重 所有格。双重所有格即“of +名词飞所有格”，表示整体中的一个或部分。用于 修饰of前面的名词，但此时of前面的名词一定要有一个a(an), two, any, some

13、, several no, few, another 或 this, that, these, those 之类的修饰语(这个修饰语 一般不能是one和the)。双重所有格也可由“of+名词性物主代词”构成，如：a friend of mine我的一位朋友。如：我父亲的两个朋友来看我Two friends of my fathers came to see me.You are certain to be happy with any relative of Mrs. Moores.你和穆尔夫人的任 何亲属在一起肯定是会很快乐的。Do you know any friends of my hu

14、sbands?Two classmates of my sisters will come to join us.注：在双重所有格中，用作介词补足成分的所有格的名词必须是确定特指的，而 且一般指人。例 an old fiiend of my father1 s(=one of my fathers old fhends)我父亲的一个老朋 友this lovely baby of my aunt飞我姨妈的可爱的孩子高中英语句型归纳be doing/ be about to do/be on the point of domg / had donewhen. (when:这时，强调 一 4、 动作

15、的突然发生). I was walking along the river, when I heard a drowning boy cry for help. I was about to leave when it began to rain. I had just finished my test paper when the bell rang, announcing the exam was over.It was (not) +时间段+before +一般过去时 过了一段时间就It will (not )be+时间段+before+一般现在时 要过一段时间才会It is/ has

16、been + 时间段+ smeeIt was + 点时间 + when.It was +时间状语+ that .(强调句). It was not long before he sensed the danger of the position,不久他就意识到他处境危险(动 作已发生). It will be half a year before you graduate from the school.还有半年你才从这个学校毕业(动 作未发生). It is 3 years since he worked here.=he left hcre.(since 从句中的谓语动词若是延续性动词，要

17、 从这个动作结束的时候算起). It was 3 oclock when they received the telephone.It was at 3 oclock that they received die telephone.once一旦,表示时间和条件I )Once you understand what the teacher explained, you will have no difficulty doing the work. Once you have decided to do something, you should finish it and do it well

18、.The +比较级，出e+比较级越，越The more books you read, the more knowledge you will get.whether.无论是.还是. Whether the weather is good or bad. they will set off as they planned. Any person, whether young or old. has his own worth.6.祈使句+or/otherwise+结果句 或 祈使句+ and +结果句. Stop doing such foolish thing, or you will be

19、 punished in time. More effort, and the problem would have been settled.7.every time/ each time/ next time/ the first time/ any time 等短语引导时间状语从句，表示“每 当.,每次.，下次.”. Every time you meet with new words while reading, dont always refer to your dictionary. (When you meet with new words every timeNext time

20、 you come . do remember to bring your son here.You are welcome to come back any time you want to.There is (no) need to do/ for (It is( not )necessarr for sb. to doTliere is( no )hope/ chance / possibility of doing.There is( no )difficulty/ trouble/ point/ delay( in )doing. Is there any chance of us/

21、 our winning the match?. There is no point in discussing the problem again.There be句型：there be之后如有几个并列主语，be动词的选择要取决于第一个主语，即 就近原则。1). There is a pen and two books on the desk.- There are two books and a pen on the desk.There be句型中,be动词还有其他变化形式,常见的有：There seem to be.There happen to be. There used to b

22、e. There is likely to be. There have been/has been 等. There seems/ appears to be much hope of our team winning the match. There happened to be nobody in the room when I came in. There have been great changes in my hometown since 1978. There used to be a bus station at the corner of the street. There

23、 are likely to be more difficulties than expected while we are carrying out the plan. it强调句：基本构成形式：It is/ was +被强调部分+ who/ that+原句剩余部分e.g.: I met him in the street yesterday afternoon.(It was I who/ that met him in the street yesterday afternoon.(强调是我,不是别人)(It was him who/ that I met in the street y

24、esterday aftemoon.(强调我遇见的是他,不是别人)(It was in the street that I met him yesterday afternoon.(强调是在大街上，不是在别 的地方， 强调的是地点，但不用where)(It was yesterday afternoon that Imel him in the street (强调是 昨天下午，不是在别 的时候， 强调的是时间，但不用when).do, did. does用于强调谓语动词，加强语气. He is a good student.- He does be a good student. He he

25、lped us yesterday. ( He did help us yesterday. Be careful! ( Do be careful!not/ never until 直到才. The villagers didnt realize how serious the pollution was until all the fish died in the river.(It was not until all the fish died in the river that the villagers realized how serious the pollution was.(

26、强调句)(Not until all the fish died in the river did the villagers realize how serious the pollution was.(倒装 句)not onlybut (also)引导并列结构：主语时，谓语动词与邻近的一个主语保持一致。. Not only the teacher but also the students have their eyes examined regularly. They suggested we should not only attend the party, but give a pe

27、rformance.(They suggested we should give a performance as well as attend the partynot onlybut (also).引导并列句时，not only引导的部分置于句首时要部分倒装. Not only was everything he had taken away, but also his German citizenship was taken away. Not only should we students study hard, but also we should know how to enjoy

28、 ourselves in our spare time.would rather +从句(从句要用虚拟语气，即从句中谓语动词用一般过去式，表示现在或 将来的愿望;从句中谓语动词用过去完成时，表示对过去的愿望). I d rather you posted the letter right now.我想让你现在就把信寄出去。. A friend of yours will come to see you today.你的一位朋友今天要来看你Id rather he came here tomorrow.我倒情愿他明天来。. Fd rather you were not a celebrated

29、 actor. In that case, we could spend more time togetlier. 我 倒情愿你不是什么名演员，这样我们可以有更多的时间在一起。. Fd rather I hadnt seen her yesterday.我情愿昨天没见到她。so, neither/ nor引导得倒装句表示“另一者也如如此“及前者的情况也适用于后者，用s。, neither/nor引导得倒装句，助动 词的选择依据前一句的谓语动词。. He has finished his homework, so have I. My sister prefers coffee, so do I

30、. John cant ride a bicycle, neither/ nor can I.若前句的谓语动词既有肯定又有否定形式时，或谓语动词不属于一类时，用It is /was the same with sb. 或 So it is/ was with sb.I). He is a worker and he works hard, so it is with John.若后一句是对前一句所说的容表示赞同或认可，则主语和谓语不倒装。. It is cold today. Yes. So it is. He visited Tokyo last week. Yes. So he did.倍

31、数表达法:A + 谓语+倍数+the +n.(size/ height/ length)+of BA + 谓语+倍数+as + abj. + as BA+谓语+倍数+adj.比较级+than B( A +谓语+adj.比较级+thanB+by+倍数 l ).This square is twice the size of that one.(This square is twice as large as that one.(This square is once larger than that one.This factory produced three times as many ca

32、rs as they did 10 years ago.He is 3 years older than 1-( He is older than I by 3 years16.as/with表示“随进展“，as后面接句子,with后面接短语I). With the industry developing, the pollution is becoming more and more serious.(As the industry develops, the pollution is becoming more and more serious.with的复合结构(作状语或作定语)with

33、+ n. +adj. (with 可以省略).(With) the street wet and slippery, we had to ride our bikes slowly and carefully.(Because the street were wet and slippery,. The students were listening to the teacher, (with)their eyes wide open.(The students were listening to the teacher, and their eyes were wide open.with+

34、 n. +adv. (with 可以省略)1). He put on his coat hurriedly, (with) the wrong side outwith+ n. +prep-phrase (with 可以省略). The old man was seated in the sofa, (with) a pipe in his mouth.(AIso: pipe in mouth) with+ n.+ to do/ to be done (动词不定式的动作还未进行) with+ n.+ doing/ being done (动词不定式的动作正在进行) with+ n.+ done

35、 (动词不定式的动作已经完成或指n.所处的状态). With so many problems to settle, the newly-elected president is having a hard year. He was lying in bed, with his eyes fixed on the ceiling. With the temple being repaired, we cant visited it.18.以here, there, in, out, up, down等副词开头的倒装句(多用一般现在时表示正在进行的动 作。). Here comes the bu

36、s! (=The bus is coming here!). Away he went.他走远了(若主语是代词则主语与谓语不倒装)19.方位状语位于句首时的倒装句. In front of the house stopped a police car.Under the tree sat a boy, with a book in his hand.20.具有否定意义的副词或短语位于句首时句子要部分倒装，常用的此有：little, never, seldom, hardly, rarely, no sooner, in no time, by no means, in no case 等. N

37、ot a single mistake did he make in the exam. In no time did the man realize what was happening.In no case can you tell him the truth. Hardly had the train left when he remembered he had left his suitcase on it.No sooner had the train left than he remembered he had left his suitcase on it.21.the mome

38、nt, the minute, immediately, directly, on doing.表示“一就“. On arriving (his arrival )at the airport, he was surrounded by the reporters. Have you give John the book? -Yes, the moment I saw him.while/but ： while侧重两者之间的对比，but多指一件事的两个对立面。. He likes listening to music while I like watching TV. I badly want

39、ed that book but I havent enough money.only to do作结果状语，多用来表示出人意料、结局令人沮丧的结果。动词多是终结性 的词，如：find, learn, to be told, to be caught 等. His father disappeared, never to heard from again. He hurried to his office, only to be told that he was dismissed.24.only+状语的结构放在句首，主句要部分倒装. The teacher told me that only

40、 in that way, could I learn English well. I received my mother call at 1 la.m., only then did I remember it was my birthday today.25. taste, smell, look, sound, feci等感官动词作为系动词后面要接adj,作表语。. Apple of this kind taste very nice. Smelling nice, this kind of bread sells well.26.有些动词常用作不及物动词与well或easily连用，

41、表示某物具备的某种特征。常用的词 有 sell, cut, wash, last, bum 等。.His latest work sells well. Dry wood burns easily.27.否定词与比较级连用，表达最高级的含义.1 have never seen a better film.1 can t agree you more,我非常同意28.lt的句型.不定式作主语，it作形式主语：It +系动词+adj./ n.+ for sb. to do (for sb,表示动词不定式动作的执行者)It +系动词+adj.+ of sb. to do (of sb.既表示动词不定

42、式动作的执行者有表示人所具备的性质 或特征). It，s important for us to have a good knowledge of English. How rude of him to treat a child like that!. Its thoughtful of him to fix us up for the night.不定式作宾语，it作形式宾语：主语+think/ consider/believe/ make/ feel+ it +adj./n. +for sb./ of sb. +to do. I feel it foolish of him to bel

43、ieve such a man. The timely rain had made it possible for the crops to grow well.It is said/ thought/ hoped- believedthatSb. is said thought/ hoped,- believed to do. It is said that he is studying abroad.- He is said to be studying abroad.It is considered that many countries highly value Chinas role

44、 in helping worlds peace.(Many countries is considered to highly value Chinas role in helping worlds peace.It is time to do/ It is time that +主语+动词的一般过去式 该是做.的时候了l ).It is time that we ended the discussion.29.虚拟语气中的重点句型If +were/ did (动词过去式)，主语+情态动词(would, could, might, should)+do(用 来表示对现在情况的假设).I do

45、nt have a cell phone. If I had one , it would be convenient fbr me to contract others.If +had done (过去完成式),主语+情态动词(would, could, might, should)+havedone(用来表示对过去情况的假设), If I had gone to the concert, I would have seen the famous singer.If +were/ did (动词过去式),主语+情态动词(would, could, might, should)+ dowere

46、 to do should do (用来表示对将来情况的假设) If I were not to take/ should take/ took the exam tomorrow, I would go shopping with you. 虚拟语气条件句的倒装：在虚拟语气条件句中，如果出现助动词were, should had, 可省略if,把这些词提到主语前而，变成倒装句。.Should he act like tliat again, he would be fined. (If he should act like tliat againWere he to act like tha

47、t again, he would be fined. (If he were to act like that agaui*If he acted like that again(不可以倒装)Had the doctor come in time last night, the boy would have been saved.(If the doctor had come in time last night,.If I had time now, I would go to the film with you.(不可以倒装，因为句中的had不是助动 词)But for If it we

48、re not for/ If it hadn-t been fbr.But fbr the deteniuned captam, all the passengers on board wouldnt have been saved.(If it hadnt been fbr the deteniuned captam, all the passengers on board.But fbr your rich parents, you wouldnt live such a easy life.(If it were not fbr your rich parents, you wouldn

49、t live such a easy life.再 suggest, insist, demand, require, request, order, advise, propose 等表示建议、要求、命令、主 的动词引导的名词性从句中，从句的谓语动词要用(should )do的形式0). Mother insisted that John (should) go to bed before 9 oolock.对比：He insisted that I had taken away his dictionary.(不是建议、要求、命令或主).His suggestion that Tony (

50、should) be invited to the party was refused4同位语从句) 对比：His words suggested that he was very angry with me.(不是建议、要求、命令或主) 30. as if- as though.(表示与事实相反，用虚拟;若表示即将成为事实或有可能成为事实，则 用述语气). He was in great trouble, but he acted as if nothing had happened. Although they just met for the first time, they talke

51、d as if they had been friends for many years 3). The clouds are gathering. It looks as if it is going to rain.3L n. /adj. / adv. / v. + as / though +主语+谓语，尽管,引导让步状语从句l ).ChiId as he isalready know what career I want to follow. Try as he might, he conldn t solve the problem. Much as I respect him, I

52、cant agree with liis idea.32. rather thanl ).It is better to ask for help at the beginning rather than to wait until a busy period when everyone is rushed off their feet.2).It is the boss who is to blame rather than the workers.33.疑问词+ever = no matter +疑问词，引导让步状语从句或名词性从句. Whichever(=No matter which)

53、 you like, you can take it away .(让步状语从句)You can take away whichever(=any one that) you like (名词性从句). Whenever you comes, you will be welcome.(让步状语从句). Whatever happens, I will support you.(让步状语从句). Whoever breaks the law, he will certainly be punished.(让步状语从句)Whoever breaks the law will certainly b

54、e punished.(名词性从句). However great the difficulty is, we can overcome it.(让步状语从句)if? as long as/so long as/ providing that/ provided that/ supposing that/ on condition that 假如. I will lend you money on condition that you can return it within 3 months.given that/ considering that 考虑到,鉴于. Given her int

55、erest in children/ Given that she is interested m children. Tm sure teachmg is the right career for her. Considering his age and his experience, he has done well.in case tliat/ in case of 万一，以防. In case of fire, please dial 119 at once. In case that John comes/ John should come, tell him to wait.37.

56、can never/ can,t 与 too, too much, enough, over-搭配表示“无论怎样.都不过分”. While you are domg your homework, you cant be careful enough. He is such a great man that we can 1 praise hini too much. William Hartley was handsome, deteniimed and hardworking, in a word. I couldnt speak too highly of him. The develop

57、ment of society has made it necessary for us to have a good knowledge of English, so we cant overemphasize die importance of learning English. Since it is a good thing, we can t do it too soon.38.表示过去原打算干，却未曾实现的愿望、打算或意图had hoped to do=hopcd to have done.。 类彳以的词还有：expect, think, intend, design, plan,

58、 mean, suppose 等would like/prefer/ love to have donewas/ wee to have donewas/were supposed to have done. Did you go to see the film Titanic、last night?I d like to have, but I had ail unexpected guest. The plane was to have take off at 7 this morning. but was held up by the heavy fog.高中英语祈使句的五种结构1英语祈

59、使句都有哪些结构肯定结构Do型（即：动词原形（+宾语）+其它成分）。如：Please have a seat here.请这边坐。有的祈使句在意思明确的情况下，动词可省略。如：This way,please. = Go this way,please.请这边走。Be型（即:Be +表语（名词或形容词）+其它成分）。如:Be a good boy!要做一个好 孩子！Let型（即:Let +宾语+动词原形+其它成分）。如：Let me help you.让我来 帮你。否定结构Do型和Be型的否定式都是在句首加dont构成：如：Dont forget me!不要忘记我!Dont make such a noise.不要这么吵。Dont be late for school!上学不要迟到！（是系表结构 也就是没有行为动词 但是有形容词的那种就可以使用Doni be,有行为动词的就不能这么