DSI公司培训课件

1、Gleeble Systems: Physical Simulation TechnologyDynamic Systems Inc.Poestenkill, NY 12140U.S.A. Todd A. BonesteelOutline History of DSIFundamentals of Physical SimulationDevelopment of Gleeble Physical SimulatorsApplications of Physical Simulation Technologies to Metal IndustriesHistory of DSIGleeble

2、 developed late 1940s to Study Weld HAZ PhenomenaDSI Founded 1957Pioneers of Physical SimulationFirst Export - Society de France - June 1962Fundamentals of Physical SimulationFurnace HeatingInduction HeatingBulk HeatingLaboratory HeatingAxial Thermal Gradient ControlAxial Thermal Gradient Control St

3、eep Thermal Gradient GenerationGleeble Specimen Thermal Profile Axial Thermal Gradient ControlGleeble Specimen Thermal Profile Radial Thermal Gradient Control6060800900100011001200130001020304050With FlexibleThermal SleeveArgonStainless SteelVacuumCarbon SteelArgonCarbon SteelHeliumCarbon SteelSurfa

4、ce to Center Temp Difference (C)Test Temperature (C)01020304050Specimen size: 10mm diameterDevelopment of Gleeble Thermal Mechanical Simulators Hydrawedge System Hot Torsion System: HTS-50Multi-Axis Deformation Simulator: MAXStrain SystemHDS-V40 SimCast SystemGleeble 3500 Specifications Max. speed:

5、1,000mm/s Loading capacity: 10 metric tons in tension and compression Max. heating rate: 10,000C/secDigital Control System: The Hydrawedge SystemSince 1990Digital Control System: The Hydrawedge System Separate yet Synchronized Control of Strain and Strain Rate No Over-Travel at A High Speed Multiple

6、 Compression at Different Values of Strain, Strain Rate and Temperature Digital Control System:The Hot Torsion System / HTSSince 1996Digital Control System: The Hot Torsion System / HTSFloating/Fixed EndRotation EndResistance Heating FurnaceSpecimnTypical Torsion Test SetupDigital Control System:The

7、 Hot Torsion System / HTS Instant Speed-up: 5msec to reach 1,000 rpm Free Coupler for Minimal Strain Error during Acceleration and Free Unloading Environment Control: Inert gas or vacuum In-situ QuenchingDigital Control System:The Hot Torsion System / HTS Servo Hydraulic Control System Combined Tors

8、ion and Tension/Compression Control during Torsion Rapid Resistance Heating and Cooling Thermocouple or Pyrometer Control Uniform Temp. within Gauge LengthWhy Physical SimulationApplications of Physical Simulation Technologies Basic Materials StudiesMaterials Testing Metallurgical Process Simulation

9、Basic Materials Studies Phase Transformation / Precipitation Oxidation / Decarbonization / Diffusion Liquid Embrittlement Constitutional Liquation Crack Susceptibility Liquid Metal Wetability Liquid and Solid Metal Thermal Expansion / ContractionMaterials Testing Hot Ductility / Hot Workability / SI

10、CO Uniaxial / Plane Strain Compression Dynamic and Static CCT / CHT / TTT Weldability / NST / NDT / BTR / RDR Thermal and/or Mechanical Fatigue Superplasticity / Elongation Elastic Modulus / Yield Stress / UTSMaterials Testing Creep / Stress Rupture Plane Strain Fracture Toughness / CTOD Process Sim

11、ulation Casting / Foundry Semi-Solid Processing TMCP (Rolling, Forging and Extrusion)Welding: HAZ cycling, Weld metal, Laser welding, Electron beam welding, Upset butt welding, Friction stir welding . Diffusion BondingProcess Simulation Heat Treatment (Annealing, Normalizing, Quenching, Tempering, .

12、) Strip Annealing Powder Metallurgy / Sintering / HIPping Synthesis (SHS) Con-Casting Process Simulation Slab Casting Process SimulationCon-Casting Process Simulation Castability Map DevelopmentCon-Casting Process Simulation Castability Map DevelopmentCon-Casting Process Simulation Hot Ductility Tes

13、tCon-Casting Process Simulation Castability Map DevelopmentCon-Casting Process Simulation Castability Map DevelopmentOptimal cooling rate ( C ) for an aluminum killed steel to produce crack free billetsUniaxial Compression Testing ISO-T TM AnvilsGraphite FoilISO -T TM AnvilsAnvil BaseAnvil BaseSpeci

14、menTempFree SpanSchematic Setup of Isothermal Flow Stress TestingUsing the ISO - TTM AnvilsUniaxial Compression Testing ISO-T TM AnvilsUniaxial Compression Testing Uniform Deformation with ISO-T TM Anvils10 mm dia. specimen after 60% reduction at 1000oC (x100)Hot Workability Test Technique Hot Ducti

15、lity TestHot Workability Test Technique Effect of Thermal Gradient on Material StrengthHot Workability Test Technique SICOTM ProcedureHot Workability Test Technique SICOTM ProcedureHot Workability Test Technique SICOTM ProcedureAluminum AlloyAustenitic AlloyNi-base Superalloy10 mm dia. SICO bar Hot

16、Workability Test Technique Critical Strain in SICO Procedure 1. 2. Hot Workability Test Technique SICOTM Procedure vs. Hot Ductility TestThermomechanical Processing Optimization of Thermomechanical ProcessesThermomechanical Processing Optimization of Thermomechanical ProcessesThermomechanical Proces

17、sing Optimization of Thermomechanical ProcessesWeld Metal Crack Susceptibility Study Conventional LBT Procedure(c) Bent LBT specimen showing area of examination(a) Extraction of the LBT specimen from welded assembly(b) LBT specimenWeld Metal Crack Susceptibility Study SICOTM Specimen CuttingWelding

18、Simulation Crack Susceptibility of Weld Metals No cracks, 1050C, 0.41, 3/s, Bottom layerSome cracks, 1050C, 0.41, 3/s, Top layerMany cracks, 1050C, 0.41, 3/s, Bottom layerWeld Metal Crack Susceptibility Study Using SICOTM Procedure900950100010501100115012000.00.10.20.30.40.50.6Critical Strains for T

19、op LayerCritical Strainsfor Bottom LayerCritical Strains for Top and Bottom Layers of Multi-pass Weld Metal Crack from Bottom Layer Crack from Top LayerHoop Strain, (ln (D/d)Temperature (C)Weld Metal Crack Susceptibility Study Micromechanism of Microfissuring*a1a2a3a5a4a6a6a5b1b2b3b6b6b5b5b4(1)(2)(3

20、)(4)(5)(6)CWeld Metal Crack Susceptibility Study Application of the SICOTM ProcedureCompositions (wt%) of the Four Electrodes TestedWeld Metal Crack Susceptibility Study Nil-Strength Temperature MeasurementNil-Strength Temperatures (oC) of Four ElectrodesWeld Metal Crack Susceptibility Study Applica

21、tion of the SICOTM Procedure10001100120013000.00.20.40.60.8625KS20.32Nb crack: 20.32Nb no crack: 20.32.Nb crack: 625KS no crack: 625KSCritical Strain, ln (D/d)Temperature (C)Weld Metal Crack Susceptibility Study Application of the SICOTM Procedure10001100120013000.00.10.20.30.40.5NIM721NCM12625KSHea

22、ting rate: 150C/sStrain rate: 3/sMetrode: 1- 625KS, 2- NCM12 and 3- NIM721 Crack-1, No Crack-1 Crack-2, No Crack-2 Crack-3, No Crack-3Critical Strain, ln(D/d)Temperature (C)Weldability Test Technique HAZ Hot Ductility TestWeldability Test Technique HAZ Hot Ductility TestFracture Criterion Strain Fra

23、cture Criterion9001000110012000.00.10.20.30.40.5 SICO Strain Tensile StrainFracture StrainTemperature (C)Fracture Criterion Cockcroft and Lathams Plastic Work Fracture CriterionModified Plastic Work Fracture CriterionHot Workability Fracture Limit and Reduction of Area80010001200140001234567860C/mmR

24、eduction of Area (%) LimitFracture LimitTemperature (C)020406080100Comparison of Fracture Limit to Reduction of Area R.A.Hot Working Process Simulation Stopping Response in High Speed Compression (Hit 2)0123450200400600800100021. Correct Strain & Strain Rate with HYDRAWEDGEStroke Rate (mm/s)Deformat

25、ion Time (millisecond)7654313. Correct Strain Rate but Over-traveled Strain with Normal Hydraulic Systems2. Correct Strain but Incorrect Strain Rate with Normal Hydraulic SystemsSpecimen Height (mm)Hot Working Process Simulation Stopping Response in High Speed Compression (Hit 3)Specimen Height (mm)

26、-2-10123020040060080010001. Correct Strain & Strain Rate with HYDRAWEDGEStroke Rate (mm/s)Deformation Time (millisecond)55423. Correct Strain Rate but Over-traveled Strain with Normal Hydraulic2. Correct Strain but Incorrect Strain Rate with Normal Hydraulic Systems4531 Start of DeformationSystemHot

27、 Working Process Simulation Hydrawedge System PerformanceHot Working Process Simulation Hydrawedge System PerformanceHot Working Process Simulation Three-Hit Test of Hydrawedge Application0.0-0.2-0.4-0.6-0.8-1.00-20-40-60-80-1001164C44/s1192C23/s1220C16/sA Plain Carbon SteelTrue Stress(MPa)True StrainHot Working Process Simulation Six-Pass Hot Rolling Process SimulationCCT / TTT / Laser Welding ISO-QTM Quenching TechniqueCCT / TTT Studies Effect of Deformation on Phase TransformationLaser