gmat阅读-2.强化段讲义

1、第一章. 段落 PIE ILLUSTRATE: 第一章. 段落 PIE ILLUSTRATE: 看逻辑连词/and, furthermore, similarly, Likewise, moreover, EXPLAIN: 论据：inother2. 3. P: 主旨如何提出示 示 whilevoting and holding office were restricted to men, he anized o societies committed to l ech temperance and poverty. In other words, Baker contends, women a

2、ctivists early practitioners of nonpartisan,whilevoting and holding office were restricted to men, he anized o societies committed to l ech temperance and poverty. In other words, Baker contends, women activists early practitioners of nonpartisan, e oriented politics and thus were erested in enlisti

3、ng lawmakers, regardless of their party affiliation, on of certain n in t one party another won an twentieth century, more men drew closer to womens ideas about politics took up modes of e oriented t Baker sees women as Theprimary eofthepassageis enumeratereasonwhybothtraditionalscholarlymethodsands

4、cholarlymethodshaveidentifyinginascholarlyapproach anddescribealternativeprovideempiricalosupportalong-heldscholarlycomparetwosholarlypublications onthebasisoftheir attempttoprovideapartialanswerto alon-standingscholarly Thepassagesuggests whichofthefollowingconcerningthetechniquesbythenewpoliticalh

5、istorians paragraphof(A) Theyinvolvedtheextensiveuseofthebiographies ofpolitical leadersandpolitical Theywereconceivedbypoliticalhistorianswhowerereactingthepoliticalclimatesofthe1960s andTheywereofmoreuseyzing itionsofUnitedpoliticalhenineteenthnyzing of hetwentieth Theywereconceivedbypoliticalhist

6、orianswhowerereactingthepoliticalclimatesofthe1960s andTheywereofmoreuseyzing itionsofUnitedpoliticalhenineteenthnyzing of hetwentieth Theywereofmoreusenineteenth-centuryyzingthepoliticalbehaviornyzing thepolitical activitiesthosewhocouldnotvotetTheyweredevisedas ameans oftracingtheinfluencenineteen

7、th-centurypoliticaltrendsontwentieth-centurypolitical Itcanbesecond ttheauthorofthepassagequotes Baker rimarilyinorder clarifyitionbeforeternativetdifferentiatenanovel definitionand traditional provideanleof aagreedonbydifferentgenerationsprovideanleoftheprosestyleofanimportantlifyadefinitionAccordi

8、ngtothepassage,PaulaBakerand thenewpoliticalhistoriansof1960sand1970ssharedwhichofthe(A) Acommitmenterest-group(B) Adisregardforpolitical theoryand heways inwhichnineteenth-centurypoliticscontemporaryArelianceonsuchquatitiativetechniquesas ysis of Anemplasisonthepoliticalinvolvementofordinaryheways

9、inwhichnineteenth-centurypoliticscontemporaryArelianceonsuchquatitiativetechniquesas ysis of AnemplasisonthepoliticalinvolvementofordinaryWhichofthefollowingbestdescribes thestructureoftheparagraphTwoscholarlyapproaches arecompared,and both is ingcommonTworivalschoolsofthoughtarecontrasted,andathird

10、is alluedAnoutmodedscholarlyapproachis described,andacorrectiveiscalledAnargumentisoutlined,andcounterargumntsareAhistorical erais ermsofitspolitical6.The hepassagetapre-1960s politicalwouldhavebeenmostlikelytoundertakewhichofthefollowingysisofvotingtrendsamongwomenvotersoftheAstudyofmalevotersgradu

11、al ideological shiftfrom partypolitics ie-orientedAbiographyofaninfluentialnineteenth-centuryministerofforeignysisofnarrativeswrittenbypreviouslyunrecognized(E) Astudyofvotingtrendsamongnaturalizedimmigrantlaborersinnineteenth-centuryloggingA key required of advertising managers is whether a hard-se

12、ll soft-sell strategy Line is appropriate for a market. The hard-approach involves the use(E) Astudyofvotingtrendsamongnaturalizedimmigrantlaborersinnineteenth-centuryloggingA key required of advertising managers is whether a hard-sell soft-sell strategy Line is appropriate for a market. The hard-ap

13、proach involves the use of direct, forceful claims regarding the benefits of advertised brand over competitors offerings. In contrast, the soft-sell approach involves the use of advertising claimst imply superiority more subtly.itive aspect of the hard-sell approach is its use of very simple s, with

14、 little room for regarding the advertisers However, some consumers may resent being told what to ve and some ion and to boomerangeffects where consumers advertising claims, By contrast, the risk of boomerang erects is y with soft-sell approaches. One way to implement the soft-sell approach is provid

15、e t s the s the advertiser wants consumer to draw, but leave s ed. s consumers are invited to make up their own minds, theriskofresentment,distrust,andcounter Recentresearchfs t are self-s advantage of s. fs n are more sible from explicitly by other individuals, and thus have a greater impact on jud

16、gment making. Moreover, self-generated fs are often perceived as accurate and n the fs of others, because other individuals may perceived as less knowledgeable, may be perceived as manipulative explicitly by other individuals, and thus have a greater impact on judgment making. Moreover, self-generat

17、ed fs are often perceived as accurate and n the fs of others, because other individuals may perceived as less knowledgeable, may be perceived as manipulative yDespite these advantages, s may not always be more effective tsome consumers may fail to draw of the message. Inferential activity n s. One r

18、isk s and thus miss the likely only when consumers are motivated and able to engage in cognitive ses. Another risk t some con-Summers may s n ended, Even if inferential activity is there is no tconsumers will follow the path provided by advertiser. Finally, a risk t consumers may infer butquestionth

19、evalidityoftheir1.The primary eofthepassageis outtherisks heuseofaparticular advertising makeacaseforthesuperiorityofoneadvertisingstrategyover illustratethewaysinwhichtwoadvertisingstrategiesmaybepresenttheadvantagesanddisadvantages oftwoadvertisingcontrastthetypes marketsforwhichtwoadvertisingstra

20、tegies2.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextsupportswhichofthefollowingt theementsentionedin(A) s aremorelikelyto captureytheof advertisersnares Counterionis less likelyto occurifanindividuals fssarereadilysiblefrommemoryThehard-sellapproachresults staremoredifficultfor consumertonsresulting fromthesoft-Whent

21、hefs ofothers arepresentedas Counterionis less likelyto occurifanindividuals fssarereadilysiblefrommemoryThehard-sellapproachresults staremoredifficultfor consumertonsresulting fromthesoft-Whenthefs ofothers arepresentedas definiteandforcefulclaims,areperceivedto beasaccuratef-generatedDespitetheadv

22、antages ofinvolves fewerrisks forthes,thehard-sell ndoes thesoft-sell 3.Itcanbeinferredfromtheeffectoftenoccurs iswhentonesituationinwhichthehavebeenedto forceful tarediametricallyedthoseinanadvertisers havef-generatedfs taresiblefrom aresubjectedto advertisingtowhichthoseconsumers donottedatspecifi

23、careconfusedregardingtheoftheadvertisers cometo viewtheadvertisers messagewith4.itcanbeinferredfrom thetadvertisers couldreduceoneofriskshelastparagraphiftheywereableto (A) motivationforconsumers tothinkabouttheadvertisements(B) ttsthebut errestrialenvironments,gravityl demandsonthesystems of animal

24、s. ional re can cause blood to he ch regionsofthebody,makingitdifficultto circulatebloodto the brain. Terrestrial snakes, in particular, exhibit circulatingbloodagainsttheforceoftaid Theproblemconfrontingterrestrialsnakesisbestillustratedbyppens sea snakes when removed from their supportive medium.

25、Because the regradientshe blood s are counteracted by similar gradients in the surrounding water, the distribution of blood throughout body of sea snakes remains about the same regardless of their ion space, provided they remain in the ocean. When removed from the water tilted at various angles with

26、 the head up, however, blood re at dropssignificantly,andatbrainlevelfallstot many snakes in similar spatial ions do not experience this kind of failure moret certain ions enable them to regulate blood hosedropssignificantly,andatbrainlevelfallstot many snakes in similar spatial ions do not experien

27、ce this kind of failure moret certain ions enable them to regulate blood hoseOne such ion is the roximity of the terrestrial snakes heart to head, which helps to ensure circulation to the brain, regardless of the ion in space. The heart of sea snakes can be located near the middle thebody,t minimize

28、sthe work entailed in circulating blood to extremities.Inarborealsnakes,however,whichreesandoftenmeture, the average distance from the heart to the head can be as as 15 percent of overall body length. Such a location t circulated to the tail of the snake travel a greater distance back to the heart,

29、problem solved by another ion. When climbing, arboreal snakes pause momentarily to wiggle their bodies, causing waves of muscle contraction t advance from the lower torso to the head. By compressing the veins forcingblood forward, these contractions apparently improve the flowof bloodreturningtothe1

30、. The passage provides information in support of which of the The disadvantages of an ion to a particular feature of environmentoftenoutweightheadvantagesofp anisms reaction to being placed in an environment to which it is well adapted can sometimes illustrate the ve been bytheionsanismsindigenoust

31、The effectiveness of anisms ion to a particular feature of environment can only be evaluated by examining the effectiveness anisms of other species have adapted to a similar feature of differentanismsofthesame The effectiveness of anisms ion to a particular feature of environment can only be evaluat

32、ed by examining the effectiveness anisms of other species have adapted to a similar feature of differentanismsofthesame tinhabitstrikinglydifferentwill often adapt in remarkably ways to the few features of tare Different species adapttofeaturesanisms the same environment will hesame2. According to t

33、he passage, one t the distribution of he snakechangeslittlewhilethecreatureheoceant theheartoftheseasnaketendstobelocatednearthecenterofits re gradients in the water surrounding the sea snake counter effectsofverticalregradientswithinitsbloods the sea snake mes a ture less n do terrestrialandthearbo

34、realthe sea snake often s on waves of muscle contractions to help bloodfromthetorsotothe the force of re gradients in the water surrounding the sea tofverticalregradientswithinitscirculatory3. It can be inferred from the t which of the following is true speciesofterrestrialtoftenneedtomea They are m

35、ore likely to be susceptible to circulatory failure in naresea Their hearts areless likely to belocated at the They are more likely to be susceptible to circulatory failure in naresea Their hearts areless likely to belocated at the isthecasewith seaof their n They cannot counteract thepooling of blo

36、od inlower regions of their aseffectivelyasseasnakesThe blood re at their decreases significantly when they tiltedwiththeirheads They are unable to rely on muscle contractions to move venous blood thelowertorsotothe4.Theauthordescribesthebehaviorofthecirculatorysystemofseasnakestheyareremovedfromthe

37、ocean(highlighttext)primarilyinorder illustrate what would occur in the circulatory system of terrestrial without verticalt enable them to regulate their blood re explain why arboreal snakes in vertical ions must rely on contractionstorestorebloodretothe illustratetheeffectsofcirculatoryfailureonthe

38、behaviorofarborealillustrate the superiorityof the circulatory system of the terrestrial snake tofthesea explain how changes in spatial ion can adversely affect circulatorysystemtotheirakeswithheartslocated inrelativelyclose5. It can be inferred from the t which of the following is a sementaboutsea

39、They frequently rely on waves of muscle contractions from the lower totheheadtosupplement5. It can be inferred from the t which of the following is a sementaboutsea They frequently rely on waves of muscle contractions from the lower totheheadtosupplementtheworkofthe They cannot effectively regulate

40、their blood re when placed seawaterandtiltedatananglewiththeoed Theyaremorelikelytohaveaheartlocatedincloseproximitytotheirnarearboreale y vulnerable to the effects of ional re theircirculatorysystemwhentheyareplacedinaterrestrial Theircardiovascularsystemisnotascomplicatedtofarboreal6. The author t

41、 which of the following is a t fromthelocationofasnakesheartincloseproximitytoits A totheheefficiency with which thesnakeregulatestheflow of A he number of ions in t a snake can withoutlossofbloodflowtothe A decrease in blood re at the snakes when it is tilted variousangleswithitsheadAn he tendency

42、of blood to pool at the snakes head when snakeistiltedatvariousangleswithitshead An he amount of effort required to distribute blood to and thesnakes7.The primary eofthethirdparagraphis roduceatisnotdiscussed rhe describe a more efficient method of achieving an effect thesnakes7.The primary eoftheth

43、irdparagraphis roduceatisnotdiscussed rhe describe a more efficient method of achieving an effect discussed in previous draw based on information elaborated in the discuss two specific previousles of phenomena mentioned at the end of roducetunderminesaviewreportedrhe8. In the passage, the author is

44、primarily concerned ng which of AExplaining tenabletheterrestrialsnaketocopewiththeofionalreonitscirculatoryB Comparing the circulatory system of the sea snake t of the C Explaining why the circulatory system of the terrestrial snake is different toftheseaD ingoutfeaturesoftheterrestrialsnakescardio

45、vasculartitsuperior toftheseaE Explaining how the sea snake is able to neutralize the effects of reonitsreonitscirculatory第二章. 课程内andorbut,让步状语：althoughthoughdespiteinspiteof,while课程内andorbut,让步状语：althoughthoughdespiteinspiteof,while 状语: 介词引导/-ing,-ed 题型特征：Accordingtothepassage/thepassagesupportswhi

46、chof题型特征：theauthormentionsinorder题型特征：theauthormentionsinorder示In 1994, a team of scientists led by David Mckay began studying the ALH84001,which hadbeendiscovered inAntarcticain1984.Twoyearslater, McKay team t ALH84001, which 示In 1994, a team of scientists led by David Mckay began studying the ALH8

47、4001,which hadbeendiscovered inAntarcticain1984.Twoyearslater, McKay team t ALH84001, which scientists generally originatedonMars,containedcompelling tlifeonceexistedonThis evidence includes the discovery anic molecules in ALH84001, compoundsform the basis for terrestrial life. anic molecules found

48、ALH84001 are polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, or PAHs. When microbes anicmaterialoften o Skepticism about the McKay teams claim remains, however. For ALH84001hasbeen on earth for 13,000 years, suggesting to some tits PAHs ve resulted from terrestrial contamination. However, team has t the concentra

49、tion of PAHs increases as one o ALH84001, contrary to what one would expect from contamination. The skeptics strongest argument, however, t unrelated anic life can easily produce all the evidence found by , including PAHs. For le, star formation PAHs. PAHs frequently appear in other meteorites, and

50、no one attributes presence to life ses. Yet McKays team t the combination of PAHs in ALH84001 is more similar to the produced by decaying PAHs frequently appear in other meteorites, and no one attributes presence to life ses. Yet McKays team t the combination of PAHs in ALH84001 is more similar to t

51、he produced by decaying n to those originating form 1. The passage t some scientists to support which of the claims about ALH84001 have used the 13,000 t ALH84001 has been on earth ALH84001mayveoriginatedonALH84001contains taretheresultofnonbiological ALH84001mayvecontainedPAHswhenitlandedon anicmol

52、eculesfoundinALH84001arenotanicmoleculesfoundinALH84001couldnotbetheresult 2. The passage asserts which of the following about the originatedont ItwasinitiallyedbytheMcKayteamofItisnotamatterofwidespreadscientificIIsbeenquestionedbysomeskepticsoftheMcKayteamssbeenunderminedbyrecentworkonItpatiblewit

53、hthe tALH84001hasbeenonEarth for 3.The primary eofthepassageis tlifeonceexistedon revise a theory regarding the existence of life on Mars in light of existedoning s regarding t life evaluate revise a theory regarding the existence of life on Mars in light of existedoning s regarding t life evaluatea

54、recentlyedargumentconcerningtheoriginof describe a controversy concerning the significance of evidence 4.Thepassage t ifa meteoritecontainedtweretheresultterrestrial contamination, then one would expect which of the following to be ThemeteoritewouldhavebeenonEarthforn13,000 Themeteoritewouldhaveorig

55、inatedfromasource n The PAHs contained in the meteorite would have originated nonbiologicalThe meteorite would contain fewer n most other The PAHs contained in the meteorite would be concentrated toward 5. Which of the following best describes the function of the paragraph?tence of Itidentifies anic

56、sourceforthePAHsfoundin It describes a feature of t is not shared by other types ItexplainshowacharacteristiccommontomostmeteoritesIt suggests how the terrestrial contamination of ALH84001 might taken ItexplainshowacharacteristiccommontomostmeteoritesIt suggests how the terrestrial contamination of

57、ALH84001 might taken It presents t undermines the t life once existed 6. The passage t McKays team would agree with which of followingregardingthePAHsproducedbyanic These PAHs are not likely to be found in any t has been Earthfor13,000yearsor These PAHs are not likely to be found in any t originated

58、 ThesePAHsarenotlikelytobeproducedbystarThese PAHs are likely to be found in fromthePAHsproducedanict distinguish These PAHs are likely to be found in fewer n the produced anicFindings from several studies on corporate mergers and acquisitions during 1970s and 1980s raise questions about why firms i

59、nitiate and consummate ions. One study showed, Findings from several studies on corporate mergers and acquisitions during 1970s and 1980s raise questions about why firms initiate and consummate ions. One study showed, for t acquiring firms were average unable to second study ain acquired firms preme

60、rger levels of profitability. tacquisitiongainstomostacquiringfirmsnot adequate to cover the premiums paid to obtain acquired firms. A t, following the announcement of a prospective merger, stock of the prospective acquiring firm tends to increase in value much nt of the firm for which it bids. Yet