高中英语 Grammar3课件 新人教选修6

1、2021/8/11 星期三1Subjunctive Mood 虚拟语气2021/8/11 星期三21. 英语动词有三种语气, 陈述语气, 祈使语气和虚拟语气。2. 定义:用来表示说的话不是事实, 或者是不可能发生的情况, 而是一种愿望,建议, 假设的语气叫虚拟语气。2021/8/11 星期三33. 在条件句中的应用 条件句可分为两类,一类为真实条件句,一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况, 故采用虚拟语气。2021/8/11 星期三41) 真实条件句 真实条件句用于陈述语气, 假设的情况可能发生, 其中 if 是如果的意思。2021/8/11 星期三52) 非真

2、实条件句非真实条件句用语虚拟语气, 假设的情况不可能发生, 或者可能性很小, 其中if 是“要是、如果”的意思。即:“要是就好了”; “如果, 就会”2021/8/11 星期三61. If I had enough money, I would travel around the world.2. If I were you, I would give AIDS patient a hug.与现在事实相反2021/8/11 星期三73. If I had taken your advice, I wouldnt have made a mistake.4. If he had been the

3、re, it wouldnt have happened.与过去事实相反2021/8/11 星期三85. If it should rain tomorrow, they wouldnt go for an outing.6. I think we could do it, if we planed it properly and could borrow the tools.7. If we were to have three days off, we would enjoy a very happy life.与将来事实相反2021/8/11 星期三93) The meaning of

4、the sentence of subjunctive mood. If he had come yesterday, I should/ would have told him about it. 含义: He did not come yesterday, so I did not tell him about it.2021/8/11 星期三10If he had not been ill and missed many classes, he would have made greater progress.含义: He was ill and missed many lessons,

5、 so he did not make greater progress.2021/8/11 星期三11条件从句If 从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式现在过去未来V. + ed (were)had donewould/could/should/might +V (原)would/could/should/might+have+p.p.1.V.+ ed.2. should+ V.(原)3. were to dowould/could/should/might +V. (原)一. 虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法。2021/8/11 星期三12二. 虚拟语气特殊句型:1. wish 的宾语从句现在: 过

6、去时（were）过去: 过去完成时未来: would/could/might +V. should2021/8/11 星期三131. I wish I were a bird. (现在)2. I wish I hadnt made such a mistake. (过去)3. We wish our parents wouldnt punish us. (将来)2021/8/11 星期三14I wish I were as tall as you. 我希望和你一样高。 He wished he hadnt said that. 他希望他没讲那样的话。I wish it would rain t

7、omorrow. 我希望明天下雨就好了。2021/8/11 星期三152) wish to do 表达法 wish sb. / sth. to doI wish to see the manager. = I want to see the manager. I wish the manager to be informed at once. = I want the manager to be informed at once.2021/8/11 星期三162. would rather that现在:过去:未来:I would rather you paid me now.I would

8、rather you had gone, too. Dont come. I would rather you came tomorrow.过去时过去时过去完成时2021/8/11 星期三173. as if /though + Clause 现在：过去：过去时过去完成时She loves the baby as if it were her own son.It seems that it were spring.I remember the whole thing as if it had happened yesterday.2021/8/11 星期三18They talked as i

9、f they had been friends for years. He looks as if he were drunk.2021/8/11 星期三194. Its (about/high) time +that过去时should +V.你该走了。Its high time that you went.Its high time that you were going.Its high time that you should go.2021/8/11 星期三20我们该去睡觉了。Its time that we went to bed.Its time that we should go

10、 to bed. 2021/8/11 星期三215. 表示要求,命令,建议的虚拟语气。宾语从句中常见动词: 一个坚持, 两个命令, 三个建议, 四个要求。1) insist 2) order, command 3) advise, suggest, propose4) demand, require, request, desire2021/8/11 星期三22 这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气用法。即从句中的动词 使用should + 动词原形, 或者将should省略。2021/8/11 星期三23我们建议Tom 去休息一下。 We suggested that Tom have a

11、rest.他坚决要求我到场。 He insisted that I (should) be present.2021/8/11 星期三24国王命令囚犯明天要实施死刑。 The king ordered that the prisoners be killed the next day.他们要求我们派他们去那儿工作。 They requested that we (should) send them to work there.2021/8/11 星期三25I suggest that we (should) hold a meeting next week.He insisted that h

12、e (should) be sent there.注意: 如suggest, insist不表示“建议” 或“坚持要某人做某事时”, 即它们用于其本意“暗示、表明”、“坚持认为”时,宾语从句用陈述语气。2021/8/11 星期三261. The guard at gate insisted that everybody _ (obey) the rules.2. He insisted that she _ (be)seriously ill and that _ (send) to hospitals at once.obeywasbe sent2021/8/11 星期三273. He su

13、ggested that we _ (have) a meeting at once.4. His pale face suggested that he _ (be) ill.havewas2021/8/11 星期三28以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从句包括主语从句, 表语从句和同位语也要使用虚拟语气, 从句中的动词形式一样。order, advice, suggestion, proposal, demand, request, desire2021/8/11 星期三29Its suggested that the plan be carried out.My demand is that

14、 she should come to see me once a week.All of us are for the advice that the chemical factory should be closed down.2021/8/11 星期三306. without和but for 构成虚拟。but for要不是 Without sunlight, peoples life would be different from today. But for your help, I wouldnt have finished the work. Without your help,

15、I would have failed. But for water, it would be impossible to live in the desert.2021/8/11 星期三317. If only 要是就好了 If only I knew his name! If only we had followed your advice! If only I could see him again!要是我们的父母能和我们住在一起就好了! If only our parents could live with us!要是我没错过火车就好了！ If only I hadnt missed

16、the train!2021/8/11 星期三328. Its necessary/strange/natural/ important/pity/no wonder/impossible + that-Clause 从句中的动词要用虚拟, 即(should)+动词原形It is important that we ( should ) master a foreign language.It is strange that she refuse to come to the party.Its necessary that we should study hard.2021/8/11 星期三

17、339. 某些简单句的固定句型: Heaven help him! God bless you! May you succeed! Long live the Peoples Republic of China!2021/8/11 星期三3410. need “不必做”和“本不该做” didnt need to do 表示: 过去不必做某事, 事实上也没做。 neednt have done 表示: 过去不必做某事, 但事实上做了。2021/8/11 星期三35约翰开车去车站接玛丽, 所以她不必步行回家了。John went to the station with the car to mee

18、t Mary, so she didnt need to walk back home. 2021/8/11 星期三36约翰开车去车站接玛丽,所以她本不必步行回家了。 (Mary步行回家,没有遇上John的车。) John went to the station with the car to meet Mary, so she neednt have walked back home. 2021/8/11 星期三37There was plenty of time. She _. A. mustnt have hurried B. couldnt have hurried C. must n

19、ot hurry D. neednt have hurried典型例题2021/8/11 星期三38答案D。neednt have done. 意为“本不必”, 即已经做了某事,而实际上不必要。mustnt have done 用法不正确, 对过去发生的事情进行否定性推断应为couldnt have done, “不可能已经”。 must not do 不可以 (用于一般现在时)2021/8/11 星期三39三. 虚拟语气假设条件句型注意点: 1. 假设条件从句谓语动词发生的时间与主句所假设的谓语动词不一致, 叫做错综条件虚拟语气。主句和从句的谓语动词要依照假设的时间而定。2021/8/11

20、星期三40If the weather had been finer, the crops would be growing still better.If you had followed the teachers advice, you wouldnt be in the hospital.2021/8/11 星期三412. 假设条件虚拟倒装。 条件从句中有should, were, had三个助动词可以把if省略,并将这三个词提至句首。 If I were you, I would give it up. Were I you, I would give it up. If it wer

21、e not for your advice, we couldnt have got over the difficulties. Were it not for your advice, we couldnt have got over the difficulties.2021/8/11 星期三42If I had had time, I would have run round that lake again.Had I had time, I would have run round that lake again.If there should be a flood, what sh

22、ould we do?Should there be a flood, what should we do? 2021/8/11 星期三433. 谓语动词以should + have done 的形式出现的时候,表示过去应该做而没有做的事情, 从而表示一种责备的语气。e.g. 1) You should have finished your homework yesterday. 2) You should have come here five minutes earlier. 3) He should have told me about it earlier.2021/8/11 星期三4

23、4注意： 在虚拟语气的从句中, 动词be的过去时态一律用 were, 不用was, 即在从句中be用were代替。2021/8/11 星期三45If I were you, I would go to look for him.如果我是你, 就会去找他。If he were here, everything would be all right. 如果他在这儿, 一切都会好的。2021/8/11 星期三46_ to do the work, I should do it some other day.A. If were I B. I were C. Were I D. Was I典型例题20

24、21/8/11 星期三47答案C. 注意: 在虚拟条件状语从句中, 省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式。如我们可说 Were I not to do, 而不能说 Werent I to do.2021/8/11 星期三48Exercises I 1. You _ to the meeting yesterday. What was the reason for your absence? A. had come B. came C. would have come D. should have come2. “ Have you visited the Science Museum?

25、” “ No, but I really wish I _.” A. had B. did C. haveD. will2021/8/11 星期三493. Here is some money in case you _ it. A. needs B. need C. needed D. will need4. He demanded that the classroom _ at once. A. should clean B. clean C. should have been cleaned D. be cleaned2021/8/11 星期三505. But for your care

26、lessness, we _. A. should have succeeded B. had succeeded C. would have succeeded D. succeeded2021/8/11 星期三516. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _. A. breaks B. has broken C. were brokenD. had been broken7. Janes face suggested that she _ ill, and her parents suggested

27、that she _ a medical examination. A. be; should have B. was; have C. should be; had D. was; has2021/8/11 星期三528. The two strangers talked as if they _ friends for years. A. should be B. would be C. have been D. had been9. I wish I _ the meeting last week. A. could attend B. attended C. have attended

28、 D. could have attended2021/8/11 星期三5310. My suggestion is that we _ the sports met. A. would put off B. should put off C. putted off D. be put off11. It is necessary that our drinking water _ cleaner. A. should be made B. is made C. would be made D. was made2021/8/11 星期三5412. Dont come this afternoon. Id rather you _ tomorrow.A. come B. to come C. came D. will come13. The old professor gave orders that the experiment _ before 6. A. was finished B. will finish C. be finished D. shall be finished2021/8/11 星期三55II. 根据括号内的提示将下列句子补充