高中同位语从句精讲和练习题

1、同位语从句讲解是名词性从句（主语从句、表语从旬、宾语从句、同位语从句）中的主要从句之一，从句作同位语表示与 之同位的名词（短语）的实际内容，它的作用相当于名词，对前面的名词 （短语）加以补充说明或进一步解 释，相当于一个表语从句，它们之间的关系是同位关系，即主表关系。详细信息 一个内叫 或其它形式）对另一个名词或代词进行修饰，限定或说明，这个名词（或其它形式）就是同位语。同位语与被它限定的词的格要一致，并常常紧挨在一起。.名词作同位语Mr Wang, my child s teacher, w 川 be visiting us on Tuesday.王先生，我孩子的老师，星期二要来看我们。.短

2、语作同位语the oldest girl in the family, always had to care for the other children.我，作为家里最大的女孩，老得照料家中的其他孩子。.直接引语作同位语But now the question comes to their minds,“Did she die young because she was a clone? ”但是现在他们不得不思考这样的问题：“多莉早死是因为它是一只克隆羊吗？”.句子作同位语The girls were surprised at the fact that ocean ships can sa

3、il up the Great lakes.巨大的海轮可以开到五大湖，让表姐妹俩感到吃惊。同位语从句用法同位语部分是个句子，就是同位语从句，这种用法比较固定”一、在复合句中用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。它一般跟在某些名词后面，用以说明该名词表示 的具体内容。I heard the news that our team had won .我听到了我们队获胜的消息。二、可以跟同位语从句的名词通常有 news, idea , fact , promise , question , doubt, thought , hope, message, suggestion , words （消息）,poss

4、ibility 等。I ve comefrom Mr. Wing with a messagethat he won t be able to see you this af ternoon . 我 从王先生那里来，他让我告诉你他今天下午不能来看你了。三、英语中引导同位语从句的词通有连词that , whether,连接副词how, when, where等。（注： if, which不能引导同位语从句。）He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not.他必须回答他是否同意这样个问题。四、有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在说明的名词

5、后面，而被别的词隔开。The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city. 他突然想起可能敌人已经逃出城了。同位语从句-引导词同位语从句的引导词、引导同位语从句的词语通常有连词that , whether,连接代词和连接副词等。.连词that引导同位语从句（注：引导同位语从句的that不能省略）The idea that you can do this work well without thinking is quite wrong.你认为不动月而筋就能做好这件工作的想法是完全错误的。（作 idea的同位语）【注意11

6、在某些名词（如demand, wish, suggestion, resolution等）后面的同位语从句要用虚拟语气There was a suggestion that Brown should be dropped from the team.有一项建议是布朗应该离队。【注意2】引导同位语从句的连词that通常不省略，但在非正式文体中也可以省去。He gabbed his suitcase and gave the impression he was boarding the Tokyo plane.他拿起了手提箱，给人的印象是他要登上飞往东京的飞机了。.连词whether引导同位语从句

7、（注：if不能引导同位语从句）The question whether we should call in a specialist was answered by the family doctor.我们是否请专家由家庭医生来定。【注意】whether可引导同位语从句，但if不能引导同位语从句。其它引导词引导的同位语从句连接代词 what, who, whom, whose, which引导同位语从句.I have no idea what size shoes she wears.我不知道她穿几号的鞋。（what 作定语）.I have no idea which wine is best

8、 it s a matter of personal taste.我不知道哪种洒最好，这是个人口味的问题。（which作定语）.The question who will take his place is still not clear.（who 作主语）4.连接副词引导同位语从句连接副词when, where, how, whyWe haven t yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation.到哪儿去度暑假，这个问题我们还没有决定。同位语从句-相关语法一、同位语从句在句中的位置.一般情况下

9、同位语从句跟在某些名词（如news, idea , fact , promise , hope, message等）的后面， 用以说明该名词所表达的具体内容。I ve come from Mr Wang with a message that he won t be able to see you this afternoon.我从王先生那边得知一个消息，他说他今天下午不能来看你了。.有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后，而被别的词语隔开，在语法上叫做分隔式同位 语从句。The thought came to her that maybe she had left the door op

10、en when she left home.她突然想起可能在她离开家时没把门关上。二、同位语从句前名词的数同位语从句前的名词通常用单数形式，并且往往带有限定词（word除外）加以修饰。Where did you get the idea that I could not come ?你在哪儿听说我不能来？三、同位语从句的语气在suggestion , advice , request , order等意为“建议；命令；要求”的名词后，同位语从句中的谓语动词通常用“should +动词原形”的虚拟语气结构，句中的 should可以省略。Our teacher gave us some advic

11、e how we（should）use the computer.老师给我们提出 了些如何使用电脑的建议。四、同位语从句的先行词同位语从句的先行词通常是抽象名词，常见的有：idea, situation thought, fact, evidence, belief, doubt, fear, hope, question, theory, news, order, ability等等。How did the cheats explain the fact that the Emperor didnt feel the new clothes in him?皇帝觉得身上并没有穿上新衣，对这个问

12、题骗子是怎样解释的？代词it可用作同位语从句的先行词。这个it常放在某些皿或短语动词后作宾语-同时兼作其后 that同位语从句的先行词。I owe it to you that I am still alive.幸亏你,我现在还活着。有的语法学家把先行词it后的that从句看作是动词或介词的真正宾语。一般认为，这种 it后的 that从句应看作it的同位语，因为它相当于“主语+beM语”结构。You must se to it that the children dont catch cold.（二You must see to it, and It is thatthe children d

13、ont catch cold.）你要当心，别让孩子们着凉了。同位语从句-语法区别 与定语从句的的语法区别：.意义的不同同位语从句是用于说明所修饰名词的具体内容的，它与被修饰词语通常可以划等号；而定语从句是 限制所修饰名词的,它的作用是将所修饰的名词与其他类似的东西区别开来：We are glad at the news that he will come.听到他要来这个消息我们很高兴。（news的内容就是that he will come ,故that引导的是同位语从句）We are glad at the news that he told us.听到他告诉我们的这个消息我们很高兴。 （th

14、at从句是限制the news的内容的，即我们高兴只是因为他告诉的这个 news而不是其他的news,故that从句 为定语从句）.引导词的不同what, how, if, whatever等可引导名词性从句，但不引导定语从句。.引导词的功能上的不同that引导同位语从句时，它不充当句子成分，而引导定语从句时，它作为关系代词，要么充当定语 从句的主语，要么充当定语从句的宾语。如上例 that he told us 中的that就充当told的宾语。.被修饰词语的区别同位语从句所修饰的名词比较有限，通常有 hope, wish, idea, news, fact, promise, opinio

15、n, suggestion, truth等，而定语从句所修饰的名词则非常广泛。另外，when和where引导定语从句时，通常只修饰表示时间和地点的名词，而它彳门引导同位语从句时却不一定；又如why引导定语从句，它通常只修饰名词the reason ,而它引导同位语从句时则不一定：have no idea when they will come .我不知道他们什么时候来。（同位语从句）I ll never forget the days when I lived there.我永远不会忘记我住在那儿的日子。（定语从句）同位语从句-特殊形式1.间隔同位语从句同位语从句通常是跟在它解释或说明的名词后

16、，但有些情况下，由于句子结构的原因，同位语从句 不紧跟在名词后，而被其他的词隔开。A warm thought suddenly came to me that I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mothers birthday简析：由于that从句太长，为避免句子失去平衡，此处用了间隔同位语从句,request和order等名词后的同位语从句用虚拟语气。She made a request that the doctor（should）be sent for at once.她请求立即请医生来。简析：suggest

17、ion , order , request , proposal , requirement , command advice , proposition 和recommendation等名词后接同位语从句时，从句中的谓语动词要用“ （should+）动词原形”的形式， 其中should 一词可省略。3.短语及固定句式后的同位语从句I will come on condition that John is invited.如果约翰也被邀请的话，我就来。简析： 短语 On condition, on supposition, on the ground（s）, on the understand

18、ing, with theexception, in spite of the fact, on the assumption及句式 There be+no doubt（hope, chance,possibility, ）后的that从句为同位语从句。练习一.单选His success was because of he had been working hard.A. that B. the fact which fact that fact2.Is Mary from New York City I dont know.from what city does she come fromf

19、rom what city she comewhat city does she come fromwhat city she comes frommakes mistakes must correct them.A. What B. That C. Whoever D. WhateverThe reason why I didnt go to Shanghai was a new job.A. because I got B. because of gettingC. I got D. that I gotIt worried her a bit her hair was turning g

20、rey.A. while B. that C. if D. forHenry killed the dog. Ill ask him why.A. did he do that B. he did thatC. he did D. he has done soHave you seen Henry lately My boss wants to know.how he is getting alonghow is he getting alongwhat he is getting alongwhat is he getting alongIt is generally considered

21、unwise to give a child he or she wants.A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. wheneverHe asked me with me.A. what is the trouble B. what wrong wasC. what was the matter D. what trouble it isI am sure he said is true.A. that B. about that C. of that D. that whatWhen and why he came here yet.A. is not

22、 known B. are not knownC. has not known D. have not beewonder how much .A. does the watch cost B. did the watch costC. the watch costed D. the watch costs13. Mary is someone might recognize her.A. afraid of B. afraid aboutC. afraid that D. afraid foris no reason for dismissing her.Because she was a

23、few minutes lateOwing to a few minutes lateThe fact that she was a few minutes lateBeing a few minutes lateThey came to the conclusion by a computer.that not all things can be donebecause of not all things be donebeing not all things can be donebecause not all things can be doneWhy the explosion occ

24、urred was the laboratory attendant had been careless.A. for B. because C. since D. thatI dont doubt hell come.A. that B if C. what D. whetherWhy did you go to the wrong class, Mr. Wang Well, I forget I was supposed to go to.A. which the room B. which room C. what was the room D. what room was itOutp

25、ut is now six times it was before liberation.A. that B. which C. what D. of whichMary: Helen is a mere washer woman, yet shes now buying a big house.Carol: Yes. Because shes always saved .A. what little she earns B. how little she earnsC. for little she earns D. with little she earnssurprised me mos

26、t was such a little boy of seven could play the violin so well.A. That.what B. What.that C. That.which D. What.whichWe gave him help we could.A. which B. what C. that D. thisShe is pleased with what you have given him and you have told him.A. that B. which C. all what D. all thatExcuse me would you

27、please tell me when the sports meet is taken placewhen is the sports meet going to be heldwhen is the sports meet to beginwhen the sports meet is to take placeDo you happen to know what size shoes he wearshow big shoes he wearswhat is the size of his shoeswhat number shoes are hisThis book will show

28、 you can be used in other contexts.how you have observedhow what you have observedthat you have observedhow that you have observedWhere do you think A. has he gone B. has he beenC. hes gone D. was heDo you know how many populations there are in the worldhow much population there is in the worldhow m

29、any the population of the world iswhat the population of the world isWould you go and see outsideA. what to take place B. what Tom has happenedC. what is happening D. what the matter had beenThe subject of What is interesting is that I do not even know him. isA. what B. interesting C. What is intere

30、sting D. II think he is Charles.Who do you think he isDo you think who he isWhom do you think he isDo you think who he isHe didnt know which room .A. they lived B. they lived inC. did they live D. did they live inThe little boy ate his mother gave him.A. that B. which C. whatever D. no matter whatTh

31、e city is no longer .A. what it is B. that it used to be C. which it was D. what it used to beMy parents used they had to get a new car for me.A. which B. that C. what D. all whatwe go swimming every day us a lot of good.A. If.do B. That.doC. If.does D. That.does was the idea the wife thought ofA. W

32、hat.that B. That.what C. How.why D. Why.how did he tell his wife he wished to doA. That.what B. What.that C. Where.which D. Which.whereof the men held the view the book said was right.A. what that B. that whatC. that which D. which that. I have no idea or not he has finished the work.A. if B. that C

33、. whether D. which.Do you know His father is a doctor.A. what is his father B. who is his fatherC. what his father is D. who his father isIs this we met each other two years agoA. place B. place in which C. where D. place whichIt Bob drives badly.A. thinks that B. is thought what C. thought that D.

34、is thought thatall know the truth there are air, water and sunlight there are living things.A. where B. wherever C. that D. that whereverThey discussed they could settle the problem without others help.A. if B. that C. what D. whetherShe asked .what I was doing when she rang me upwhat was I doing wh

35、en she rang me upwhen she rang me up what I was doingwhen did she ring me up what I was doing- May I borrow the ring- You can take you like.A. no matter what B. which C. whichever D. thatHe said that he was fond of .A. what beautiful is B. what is beautifulC. beautiful is what D. what it is beautifu

36、lHe insisted that he in good health and to work there.A. was, be sent B. is, is sent C. be, was sent D. be, sendDo you know he expects will give us a talkA. who B. whom C. that D. whoseIts uncertain the experiment is worth doing.A. if B. that C. whether D. howThey would have fixed the telephone yest

37、erday it was a holiday.A. except B. except for C. except that D. but foris to do good all ones life and never do anything bad.A. Whichever is hard B. No matter what is hardC. What is hard D. All what is hardthe boy didnt take medicine made his mother angry.A. That B. What C. How D. WhichAs the day w

38、as fine, I made the suggestion for a walk in the park.A. we go B. we will go C. should we go D. that we gowe cant get seems better than we have.A. What, what B. What, that C. That, that D. That, whatyou dont like him is none of my business.A. What B. Who C. That D. WhetherYou cant imagine when they

39、received these nice Christmas presents.A. how they were excited B. how excited they wereC. how excited were they D. they were how excitedwell go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where60he really means is he disagrees with us.A. What that B. That whatC. Why that D.

40、If whatgoing to do the job will be decided by the Party committee.A. That B. Why C. How D. Wholl finish translating the book depends on the time.A. When B. Why C. What D. Thathouse will be built will be discussed at tomorrows meeting.A. If B. Where C. That D. Whatwont go there is clear to all of us.

41、A. How B. What C. Why D. Thiscome or not is up to you.A. What B. If C. Why D. Whethermistakes must correct them.A. Who B. Anyone C. Whoever D. Anybody will win the match is a matter of public concern.A. Which B. That C. If D. How days later, word came our country had sent up another man-made satelli

42、te.A. which B. when C. that D. where problem is will go to the meeting.A. why B. when C. what D. who looks it were going to rain.A. even if B. as if C. even though D. like is he likes the place so much.A. that B. what C. why D. how is Lu Xun once lived.A. what B. where C. that D. why thought strange

43、 that Tom did not come yesterday.A. that B. it C. this D. whatfact she had not said anything surprised all of us.A. which B. what C. that D. howIm considering now the money we need.A. is B. are C. were D. was you tell me who is that gentlemanthat gentleman is whowho that gentleman iswhom is that gen

44、tlemanthe room last ought to turn off the lights.A. Anyone B. The person C. Whoever D. WhoIt is well known a person eats causes changes in the body.A. that what, when, and how B. thatC. what D. howThe energy is makes the cells able to do their work.A. that B. which C. what D. suchJack was soon told

45、he did was not necessary.A. why B. that C. how D. why whatWe should think carefully about Mr. Needham said at the meeting.A. that B. what C. which D. XCan you point out two radios are the bestA. which B. what C. that D. whetherYou will easily know video recorders （ 录相机 ） are the same.A. what those B

46、. that of thoseC. that all of D. which of thoseyou have seen things like these before doesnt matter.A. If B. Whether C. What D. WhenI asked her in English she was, and she told me she was an actress.A. who that B. who XC. what X D. how thatShe took it for granted Id be back home an hour ago.A. that

47、B. whether C. if D. whenWe think it possible the local government will be able to solve the housing problem.A. for B. that C. when D. howNow there is a danger the ground may fall in （ 沉下 ） under the heavy traffic.A. whether B. if C. X D. thatAt that time I had no idea I could hand it to him without

48、being seen.A. if B. how C. which D. that howLast Sunday he promised today, but he hasnt appeared yet.A. that he would come B. that he will comeC. he will come to see me D. whether he would comeLast Sunday he made a promise he was free he would take me to Qingdao.A. if B. that C. that if D. whetherDo

49、 you have any idea when Miss Smith will arrivewhen will Miss Smith arrivehow will Miss Smith arrivewhy hasnt Miss Smith arrivedI have almost forgotten .A. how Mr. Taylors like B. what Mr. Taylors face is likeC. what Mr. Taylors face is D. which Mr. Taylors face is likeThe true value of life is not i

50、n , but .how you get that you givewhich you got what you givewhat you get what you givewhat do you get what do you giveDo you know A. what is this used for B. what this is used forC. which this is used D. that this is used forsurprised me most was .That that she spoke Japanese so wellWhat how could

51、she speak Japanese so wellWhat - that she spoke Japa nese so wellThat why she could speak Japanese so wellis to dance.A. That interests Mary really B. Which really interests Mary.C. What really interests Mary D. What really interest Mary TOC o 1-5 h z We were greatly amused by .A. what you have told us B. which you had told usC. what you told us D. that you told usThese computers are different from .A. that we expect