英语课件 动态倒计时 碎花 小清新 ppt

1、Use of Idioms182736455463789PICTURE START10What is an idiom?N-COUNT 习语;成语 An idiom is a group of words which have a different meaning when used together from the one they would have if you took the meaning of each word separately.11Stylistic Features How to learn an idiomRhetorical FeaturesVariation

2、s of Idioms12 The resources of the idioms are various, for example, some comes from seaman on the sea, hunters in the woods, farmers in the fields, workman at mills, housewives and cooks in the kitchen and so on. And these idioms come from their daily occupations. Although some of the expressions ar

3、e colloquial, they can express things vividly and forcibly. Gradually they are widely accepted. As a result, they become part of the common core of the language and now are used in different situations. As times goes on, they developed into colloquialisms, slang and literary expressions. In addition

4、, the same idiom may show stylistic differences when it is assigned different meanings. And there are also differences between British English and American English. We should know which is the most suitable in different situations, talking to different groups of people. It is vital to pay attention

5、to the use of the idioms.13ColloquialismStylistic FeaturesSlangLiterary Expressions Colloquialisms take up the maximum percentage in idiom. Colloquialism is a word, phrase or paralanguage that is employed in conversational or informal language but not in formal speech or formal writing. Dictionaries

6、 often display colloquial words and phrases with the abbreviation colloq. as an identifier. Colloquialisms are sometimes referenced collectively as colloquial language. A colloquial name is a word or term used for identification that is employed in conversational or informal language but not in form

7、al speech or formal writing. a type of language speech than writing, and are typically restricted to a particular context or group of people: slang is a phenomenon of speech, rather than written language and etymologies which are typically traced via consisting of words and phrases that are regarded

8、 as very informal, are more common in corpus. Slang consists of a lexicon of non-standard words and phrases in a given language. Words and expressions that are informal and not standard English. Different social groups often use a special vocabulary. Sometimes this is fairly widespread and well unde

9、rstood.Example:1.according to Hoyle(纸牌游戏）with strict adherence（坚持） to a set of rules2.all systems goa state of readiness（准备就绪） for immediate action3.all thumbs（拇指）clumsy and awkward4.apple of ones eye*the favorite object of a persons love or affection5.as the crow（乌鸦） fliesthe most direct route betw

10、een two places14LexicalManipulationPhonetic ManipulationSemantic Manipulation15AlliterationAlliteration is a term that describes a literary stylistic device. Alliteration occurs when a series of words in a row (or close to a row) have the same first consonant sound.Chop and change (keep changing one

11、s opinion)Might and main (all ones power and strength)Drips and drabs (small irregular amounts) Busy as a bee; Dead as a doornail; Get your goatGive up the ghost; Good as goldRhyme A rhyme occurs when two or more words have similar sounds. Typically, this happens at the end of the words, but this is

12、nt always the case. Kith and kin (relative)Wear and tear (damage from continuous use)Phonetic Manipulation16Little Miss Muffet, sat on her tuffet, eating her curds and whey.Along came a spider, that sat down beside her, and frightened MissMuffet away.Had I but lived a hundred years agoI might have g

13、one, as I have gone this year,By Warmwell Cross on to a Cove I know,And Time have placed his figure on me now17Reiteration Duplication of synonymsRepetition Repetition is a literary device that repeats the same words or phrases a few times to make an idea clearer .As a rhetorical device, it could be

14、 a word, a phrase or a full sentence or a poetical line repeated to emphasize its significance in the entire textJuxtaposition (of antonyms) Juxtaposition is a literary technique in which two or more ideas, places, characters and their actions etc. are placed side by side in a narrative or a poem fo

15、r the purpose of developing comparisons and contrasts.Lexical Manipulation18完全地，充分地例句：You can trust him，for hes honest through and through.你可以信任他，他是真正诚实的。Because I do not hope to turn againBecause I do not hopeBecause I do not hope to turnThese three lines have been taken from “Ash-Wednesday” author

16、ed by T. S. Eliot, a famous modern poet of the 20th century. The repletion of a full phrase shows us mastery the poet has acquired in using words and phrases to make his point clear and emphasize what he wants to say that he has no hope to come back.on the up and up坦率，诚实例句：How can we know whether a

17、person is on the up and up by his appearance!从一个人的外表我们怎么能知道他是坦率的呢！out and out完全地，彻底地例句：What I said is an out and out truth.我说的全都是事实。over and over多次地，重复地例句：The foreigner repeated what he said over and over，but I still couldnt understand him.外国朋友一遍一遍地重复，但我仍然没有听懂他说什么。through and through19Here and there

18、 now and never up and downon and off 间断地例句： It rained on and off all day long.今天断断续续地下着小雨high and low 到处例句： I looked high and low for my pen，but I couldnt find it anywhere.我到处找我的钢笔，但我怎么也找不到它。ins and outs 错综复杂事物的因果例句： After careful investigation, he got to know the ins and outs of the accident.经过仔细的调

19、查，他终于弄清了事件的前因后果。out and about 户外活动例句： Mr. Smith recovers quickly，and hell be out and about very soon.史密斯先生复原得很好，很快他就能到户外活动了ups and downs 盛衰，浮沉例句： Life is hardThere are a lot of ups and downs in ones life.生活是艰辛的，生活中充满了大多的盛衰的浮沉。a big fish in a small pond 小地方的大人物例句：In her hometown, she was a big fish i

20、n a small pond，but after she moved to New York, she was just only one among many millions.在她家乡，她很了不起。可是搬到纽约后，她就不过是芸芸众生之一了。20 The main reasons why people in different nations are inclined to create and use idioms is that idioms are vivid, concise and rich in meaning. And it is the use of simile, meta

21、phor, metonymy, synecdoche, personification , euphemism contribute to the effect of idioms in terms of rich meaning. so let us to see some examples.simile(明喻).We usually use as , seem ,like ,as if ,as though to connect two similar thing .As gray as ashes如死灰一般As graceful as swan 和诗人一样优雅As Mute as a f

22、ish 鸦雀无声As brave as a lion 狮子般勇敢As timid as a mouse 胆小如鼠Spend money like water花钱如流水As bold as brass脸皮厚的像城墙Sleep like a hole 熟睡Ametaphor 隐喻a. An animals use to refer to people .for example 1A black sheep (the member thought be a graceful in the family)被嫌弃的人2.A dark horse（ a person who tends to keep t

23、heir activities, feelings, or intentions secret, who may have unexpected qualities or abilities） 黑马 3.A gray mare母马(the wife who rules her husband)母老虎4.a grace in the grass (hidden enemy ),潜在敌人b. inanimate 无生命物things to refer to people A new broom (a person who has newly come to office),新来的A flat ti

24、re (a boring person),一个无聊的人The salt of the earth (the few of the highest execellence)美德的人 A square peg in a round hole ( a person who not suit to her job or position)不适合某个位置的人c. things refer to something else 1.bed of dust (grave)坟墓）2.crocodile tears (signs of insincere sorrow )假慈悲，假悲伤3. A wet blank

25、et (something that spoils the pleasure)破坏气氛的4.black bottle (poison) 有毒的d. actions，to abstract ideas or other actions, state .1. set on the fence (take impartial attitude)公平起见2. cut the ground from under sb. (destroy someone success by taking his ideas )剽窃某人的观点3. fall from grace犯罪Bmetonymy(转喻)：a figu

26、re of speech in which one word or phrase substituted for another with which it is closely associated.1. give every man the year . but few the voice.多听少说。2. from cradle to grave (from birth to death)3. live by one is pen (live by writing)以写作为生4. under the shade (under the tree)在树下Csynecdoche (提喻法)1.e

27、arn one is bread (making a living )谋生2.fall into good hands (good people)好人3.two heads better than one (two people)2个人 In fact, both metonymy and synecdoche involved substitution of names, yet they differ in that the former is a case of using the name of one thing for another closely associated with

28、 it and the latter is that of substituting part for the whole and vice versa.DPersonification （拟人化）, 象征.1.Failure is the mother of success 失败乃成功之母2.action speak louder than words 行动大于语言3.the pot calls the kettle black五十步笑百步4.fire and water are good servants ,but bad masters水能载舟亦能覆舟。5. The rarer it i

29、s, the more it is worth.(物以稀为贵)All rivers run into the sea. 殊途同归。A uncut gem does not sparkle. 玉不琢，不成器。Diamonds cut diamonds. 棋逢对手，将遇良才。Every bean has its black. 金无足赤，人无完人。10. Cast an anchor to windward. 未雨绸缪。Euphemism委婉语This word is from grace. Eu means good , phemism means speech ,so it means use

30、a relatively good words instead of some direct and embarrassing words .1. the call of nature 2.sleep around (behave promiscuously)不知好歹3.Powder ones nose (go to the restroom) 去厕所4.go to west 逝世5.down on ones luck时运不济6.home plain 一般。不好看FE21 Characteristic of semantic unity and structural stability, id

31、ioms do not allow changes as a rule. But the fixity of idioms is not absolute. When idioms are used in actual context, they do experience grammatical changes, e.g. different forms of verbs, agreement of personal pronouns and number.22ReplacementAddition or deletionPosition-shiftingShorteningDismembe

32、ring23Verb动词替换：Flog a dead horse=beat a dead horsetread on air =walk on airHit home=strike homego (swim) with the steammilk (suck) sb. dryNoun名词替换: strike gold (oil)not worth a damn (straw)be up to ones ears (eyes. eyebrows. neck) in sth.死马当活马医欢天喜地击中要害随大流榨取某人找到丰富的消息来源.财源毫无价值忙的不可开交24adjective形容词替换：ta

33、ke a dim (poor. serious) view of sb. as firm (solid) as a rocka raw (rough) deala fair (square) dealadverb副词替换: at (behind) the wheelbeyond (past) all reasonarticles, pronouns, numerals冠词，代词，数词被替换 have a lump in ones (the) throatAsk for it (trouble)不喜欢.不重视某人.某事 稳如磐石的不公平的待遇公平交易驾驶不合道理的，无法接受的哽咽自找麻烦，自讨苦

34、吃25all (the) year roundbe all (fingers and) thumbs（every）now and thentake ones medicine (like a man)thank ones (lucky) starsfew (and far between)from the (bottom of ones) heartfor good (and all)一年到头 笨手笨脚时而，偶尔认罚吉星高照少的，不常发生的忠心的，真诚的 永久，永远26casting swine before pearls=casting pearls before swinelike son

35、, like father=like father, like son有其父必有其子对牛弹琴27Each for himself and let the devil take the hindmost=the devil take the hindmostYou run after two hares, you will catch neither=to run after two hares脚踏两只船，必定落空人不为己，天诛地灭 28 In linguistics, idioms are usually presumed to be figures of speech contradicti

36、ng the principle of compositionality. This principle states that the meaning of a whole should be constructed from the meanings of the parts that make up the whole. Dismembering means breaking up the idioms into pieces, an unusual case of use of idioms particularly in literature or popular press to achieve special effect. Idioms tend to confuse those unfamiliar with them; students of a new language must learn its idiomatic expressions as vocabulary. Many natural language words have idiomatic origins29 One can know that it is not part of the idiom because it is variable. A relativ