高中英语选择性必修二 03 Unit 1 Section C Using Language-2020-2021学年课时同步练（原卷版）

1、Unit 1 Science and scientists1.3 Using Language & Assessing Your Progress一、阅读理解1So you want to be a citizen scientist? The National Science Foundation (NSF) has got you covered. NSF supports citizen science across all areas of science, whether your passion is to scan the night sky, or explore your o

2、wn backyard.Join a flock of birderseBird is an online platform that allows bird-watchers to go online and record their sightings to a database. With more than 100,000 active users, eBirds system is a treasure of information on bird population, distribution and habitat, which users can explore in rea

3、l time.Count every dropThe Community Collaborative Rain, Hail and Snow Network (CoCoRaHS) is the largest provider of daily precipitation observations in the United States. Volunteers set up rain gauges and record data every time a rain, snow or hail storm passes over. Data is organized and shared on

4、 the CoCoRaHS website, and used by scientists, farmers and more.Search for stars with your computerEinsteinHome uses your computers idle time to search for space signals. The project has already had major successes: Volunteers discovered about 50 stars, using data from Puerto Ricos Arecibo Observato

5、ry and Australias Parkes Observatory. EinsteinHome also searches for gravitational-wave signals using data from NSFs Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory.Be part of a supercomputerTo link all those home computers, EinstienHome uses software called the Berkeley Open Infrastructure for

6、Network Computing, better known as BOINC. The software choreographs(安排，筹划) the technical aspect of volunteer computing and helps you use radio telescope signals to search for alien life.Join the plankton partyWithout plankton, life in the ocean would not exist. These tiny organisms form the base of

7、the food chain, and play an important role in the global carbon cycle. Plankton Portal enlists citizen scientists to identify images of plankton, snapped by the In Situ Icthyoplankton Imaging System (ISIIS), an underwater robot engineered at the University of Miami. ISIIS has taken millions of image

8、s in oceans around the world and upload them into a database; classifying the images helps researchers understand plankton diversity, habitat and behavior.1. On the website of eBird, a bird-watcher can _.A. make contact with other active usersB. explore the world of birds in real timeC. observe all

9、the existing bird speciesD. provide and share birds information2. The program “_” is not based on the Internet database.A. Join the plankton partyB. Be part of a supercomputerC. Count every dropD. Search for stars with your computer3. Which of the following is the best title of the passage?A. Become

10、 a Citizen ScientistB. Make a Contribution to NSFC. Be part of Space ExplorationD. Follow the Steps to be a Citizen Scientist【答案】1. D2. B3. A【分析】本文介绍了一些普通老百姓可以参与的科研项目。1. 细节理解题。根据第一个项目“eBird is an online platform that allows bird-watchers to go online and record their sightings to a database. With mo

11、re than 100,000 active users, eBirds system is a treasure of information on bird population, distribution and habitat, which users can explore in real time.”可知，观鸟者可以把他们所看到的景象录入数据库以便可以和平台使用者们分享，也就是观鸟者可以通过这个平台提供和分享鸟类信息，故选D。而B项错误，观鸟者们能通过eBird这个平台分享鸟类知识，不是实时探索世界上的鸟类。2. 细节理解题。通过阅读每个项目可知只有“Be part of a su

12、percomputer”这个项目没有谈到使用数据或数据库。故选B。3. 主旨大意题。本文介绍了一些普通老百姓可以参与的科研项目。故答案A符合。2Its difficult to imagine now, but at certain points in the Earths history, ice covered the entire planet. This frozen Earth, nicknamed Snowball Earth, was “so severe that the Earths entire surface, from pole to pole, including t

13、he oceans, completely froze over”, said Melissa Hage, an environmental scientist at Emory University in Georgia.In 1840, Louis Agassiz, a Swiss natural scientist, was among the first to acknowledge and provide evidence that the Earth had gone through ice ages. Joseph Kirschvink, an American geologis

14、t, later created the term “Snowball Earth” in a 1992 textbook.Scientists believe that four severe ice ages occurred between 750 million and 580 million years ago, probably because the Earths lands were all located at or near the equator (赤道), which resulted in increased weathering (风化). Weathering i

15、s happening when wind and rain break down rocks and minerals on the planets surface. The process leads to decreased carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere, which allows more heat to get away from the surface and into space, cooling the planet, causing the planet into a deep freeze.The severe ice ag

16、es eventually melted away. Scientist believe that volcanoes continued to pump carbon dioxide into the atmosphere throughout the ice ages, eventually warming the planet enough that the water cycle could restart. As the Earth warmed and came out of its deep freeze. a huge explosion of life occurred. k

17、nown as the Cambrian (寒武纪) explosion.Will we see another Snowball Earth in our future? According to Hage, its unlikely, due to the spread-out of the continents. “Even with extreme winters, continental ice sheets would form, which would stop continental weathering and allow carbon dioxide to build up

18、 in the atmosphere, leading to warming rather than freezing,” she said.4. How many severe ice ages occurred between 750 million and 580 million years ago according to the passage?A. Three.B. Four.C. Five.D. Six.5. What do we know about the Earth according to the passage?A. The term “Snowball Earth”

19、was first used in 1840.B. Millions of years ago, the Earths lands werent where they are now.C. Weathering was the main factor of warming the Earth.D. The Earth was completely covered with ice during the Cambrian period.6. What probably led to the end of the ice ages?A. Heats escaping.B. An unknown r

20、eason.C. Carbon dioxide from volcanoes.D. A force from the outer space.7. What is the best title for the text?A. Snowball Earth: The End of the LifeB. Some Severe lee Ages in the Earths HistoryC. Frozen Earth: Another lee Age Is ComingD. Snowball Earth: Will the Blue Planet Go White Again?3Andrew Gr

21、ey doesnt fit most peoples idea of an astronomer. He works in a car repair shop, not in a lab or university, yet the Australian repairman discovered a star system hiding in data from NASAs Kepler space telescope.Mr. Grey is one of millions of citizen scientists helping researchers to expand collecti

22、ve understanding. For centuries, only a few ordinary people had been contributing to science, but advances in technology have brought a higher level of democratization (民主化) to science.“This is a collaborative (合作的) effort that anyone could get involved in,” says Chris Lincoln, an Oxford University

23、astrophysicist (天体物理学家) and cofounder of Zooniverse, a platform that hosts dozens of citizen science projects. Citizen scientists can contribute to breakthroughs in almost any field, from ecology to astrophysics.“As long as pattern recognition is involved, there are no limits to what can become a ci

24、tizen science project,” Dr. Linton says. “Anyone can identify patterns in images, graphs, or even seemingly boring data after a short tutorial. Machine learning allows computers to do some pattern recognition. But humans, particularly amateur scientists, dont stay focused on what theyre supposed to.

25、 And thats good, because people who do that notice the unusual things in s data set.“And citizen science doesnt have to be directed by a scientist,” says Sheila Jasanoff, director of the Program on Science, Technology and Society at Harvard University. “Citizens producing knowledge in places where o

26、fficial organs have failed then can also be citizen scientists,” she says. Thats what happened in Flint, Michigan, when a local mother started drinking water tests that caused a broader investigation of lead levels.Citizen-powered research is as old as scientific inquiry. For centuries before scienc

27、e became professionalized, regular people looked for patterns in the world around them. Despite a lot of advanced equipment and computer models, scientists still welcome help from everyday people.As a professional scientist himself, Lintott says, “People think that were intelligent, but science is e

28、asy and we need your help.”8. What made citizen scientists appear?A. The high level of science projectsB. The development of technology.C. The support of the government.D. The foundation of Zooniverse.9. What is a human advantage in pattern recognition compared with machines?A. Humans can identify p

29、atterns mare swiftly.B. Humans focus their attention on data.C. Humans can observe uncommon things.D. Humans have stronger emotions.10. What is Lincons attitude towards citizen science?A. Favorable.B. Cautious.C. Indifferent.D. Doubtful.11. What would be the best title of the text?A. Citizen scienti

30、sts can be intelligent.B. Science is important to everyone.C. Anyone can be a scientist.D. Science is everywhere.II.七选五 Could your body replace mobile-device batteries? Researchers have developed a way to create the power equivalent (相当于)of two double-A batteries, using nothing more than motion of t

31、he human bodv.12. The energy is captured and used by nano generators(纳米发电机）, according to a team of scientists from Georgia Institute of Technology. This research, presented at a meeting of the American Chemical Society, demonstrated how a small, flexible chip containing millions of tiny wires500 ti

32、mes thinner than a human haircould use the human heart to create electrical energy. 13. Any kind of bodily movement could theoretically be used to generate power, and nano wires can also generate electricity in response to wind, rolling tires, or other kinds of motion. 14. But these most recent find

33、ings do signal a breakthrough.Researchers are convinced the technology has a future. “A few volts may not seem like much. 15. ” said the projects lead scientist, Zhong Lin Wang. Additional nano wires and more nano generators, put together, could produce enough energy for powering larger electronics.

34、 16. ”A. The technology is not new.B. Then we can use it to charge an iPod or a cell phone.C. Anything from walking to a standing heartbeat could produce energy.D. So it is necessary to save energy in case we run out of it at the sky point.E.There is still a long way to apply this kind of technology

35、 in our daily life.F.The researchers used a nano generator to power an LED light and LCD display.G.But it has grown by leaps and bounds over previous versions of the nano generator.III.完形填空The sound of the rain hitting the windows wakes me up and it sounds just exactly as it did l5 years ago，which r

36、eminded me of my girlhood.It was my second day of 17 and it was raining heavily.I could not 18 the habit I had at home，so I fell asleep right at my 19 .I woke up to find myself not in the classroom but carried on Dads back. We were 20 home.It was the last time I felt 21 to him.After that，he never ca

37、rried me or hugged me as other fathers did to their children.I was not bothered much by this 22 .I was proud of it, for I felt 23 and “grown up”.However，there were times when I felt depressed by not having searched for 24 from him.One day.I was writing Chinese characters as homework.I hated doing th

38、is more than anything.Dad came and stood behind me for a moment， 25 me scratching(勾抹)the paper.Then he said，“This kind of writing needs 26 .Your writing is not strong enough.Press harder.”I followed his 27 for the next two weeks, but 28 I could see little improvement, I followed my own method- the 2

39、9 way.His advice did not improve my writing but our 30 .As I grew older，I found out that he had finished his 31 in Grade 6，which was the highest grade in town then，so he was considered to be a 32 . People used to ask him to write something to put on the walls, but he never felt very useful.He often

40、said to me，“As you can see，this family is going to count on(指望)you.We are 33 to improve you anything for your future. You have to get 34 to change the life for yourself.”As a result of his 35 , I have 36 it through high school and through college.17. A. Graduation B. School C. College D. Employment1

41、8. A. develop B. break C. follow D. resist19. A. dormitory B. door C. bed D. desk20. A. at B. already C. halfway D. beyond21. A. close B. near C. relaxed D. happy22. A. gap B. action C. thought D. scene23. A. lonely B. independent C. depressed D. comfortable24. A. comfort B. help C. support D. expla

42、nation25. A. guiding B. watching C. directing D. blaming26. A. skill B. time C. patience D. practice27. A. introduction B. manner C. spirit D. advice28. A. even if B. while C. though D. as29. A. difficult B. slow C. fast D. entertaining30. A. relationship B. friendship C. thought D. reality31. A. dr

43、eam B. career C. hope D. schooling32. A. writer B. scientist C. scholar D. specialist33. A. tired B. useless C. glad D. ready34. A. an education B. a rich boyfriend C. a well-paid job D. a good writing35. A. help B. examination C. expectations D. watch36. A. succeeded B. made C. got D. foundIV.语法填空

44、阅读下面材料，在空白处填人适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。Im in a real dilemma. I really dont know what I want to do when I leave school. My dad is in the navy but I wouldnt want to spend so much time on ships. My mum is a scientist 1it seems to me what she does all day is looking 2 a microscope. All that stuff about spl

45、itting atoms is pretty interesting but I think I might be more 3 (interest) in studying medicine. But then again, my uncle is a doctor and he is always talking about replacing peoples organs， 4 makes me feel a bit ill. He also wants me to sign a form 5 _(say) that I will donate my heart or eyes if a

46、nything 6 ( happen) to me. I havent signed it yet. I could always study 7 (be) a computer programmer like my brother, but then Id have to sit in front of a computer all day. I know what! I could be an 8 (invent) ! I could invent a microwave oven that didnt dry food out, and a jet that flew faster th

47、an the speed of sound I could have 9 ( hundred) of patents for all the things I had invented and I would be 10 (success).V.应用文写作假定你是李华，你的外国笔友Jeff得知你参加了你校学生会主办的“The Chinese Scientist I Admire Most”故事分享会，写信询问有关情况。请你回复邮件，内容包括：1.感谢关注；2.你的分享；3.你的感想。注意：1.词数100左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。_VI.概要写作阅读下面内容，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Among all the fast growing science and technology, the research of human genes, or biological engineering as people call it, is drawing more and more atten