莎士比亚生平 人文主义 诗歌鉴赏课件

1、 William ShakespeareWilliam Shakespeare(1564-1616)1. Birth Born April 1564 in Stratford-upon-AvonThe 3rd of 8 kids.Birth date credited as April 23.Baptized (洗礼) April 26, 1564 at Holy Trinity Church(圣三一教堂) in Stratford.I. LifeStratford-on-AvonWilliam Shakespeares Home2. EducationAttended the Stratfo

2、rd Grammar School for children of prominent (杰出的 ) citizens.Mandatory (强制的) attendance at church provided exposure (宣传 ) to the Bible.Influenced by the beautiful countryside indicated by his use of images from nature, gardening, agricultural pursuits, and country folklore (民间传说 ).4.Life in London158

3、2 at age 18 married Anne Hathaway.15861587 went to London and served as apprentice (学徒 ) in a dramatic troupe (剧团 ). 15931594 published his long poems 1609 published his Sonnets 1590-1612 wrote his 37 plays 1616 died and buried in Stratford Church5. Shakespeare Prospers1598 built Globe Theatre, owne

4、d shares in it. Recognized as a genius in his own time He is often called Englands national poet and the Bard of Avon“ (埃文河诗人). In death, he leaves a final piece of verse as his epitaph (墓志铭 ):Good friend, for Jesus sake forbearTo dig the dust enclosed here.Blessed be the man that spares these stone

5、s,And cursed be he that moves my bones.蒙天主仁慈，朋友们请不要碰触我的墓。那些让我的墓地保持原样的人会被保佑，而碰到我身体的人将遭到诅咒。 Shakespeare is not of an age, but for all time. He contributed 154 sonnets, 37 plays, and 2 long narrative poems to the literary legacy of the world.Humanism General DefinitionThe welfare of human being is very

6、 important. It emphases the worth of life in this world, and the dignity of human being.The Development of Modern Western HumanismRenaissance（ 14th17th ）-spring up Against religious asceticism（禁欲主 义） and obscurantism（蒙昧主义） Highlights the significance of human， deny godIn the pursuit of happiness and

7、 freedom Advocate personality liberation Respect and promote science and rationalityEnlightenment（17th18th）-Climax Measure everything by human rationality Personal freedom and right Natural rights(天赋人权) ;social contract（社会契约） Liberty and equality Separation of powers（三权分立） Father of the HumanismFran

8、cesco Petrarca(1304-1374)Explain classic works with new visionChallenge medieval theologyPraise mans right and dignityEncourage the pursuit of happinessIt was the greatest progressive revolution that mankind has so far experienced, a time which called for giants and produced giants giants in power o

9、f thought, passion and character, in universality and learning.“ EngelsThe Positive Influence of Humanism The essence of Renaissance.Helped to civilize man, to make him realize his potential powers and gifts. It represented the new ideas of the rising bourgeoisie. The Negative Influence (limitations

10、) of the humanism The humanism emphasized too much on the individuals, which may be easy to cultivate the subjectivity and extreme individualism.WILLIAM SHAKESPEARESSONNET 73SONNET十四行诗A fourteen-line lyric poem, traditionally written in iambic pentameter （抑扬格五音步）.SONNET 73That time of year thou mays

11、t in me behold （a)When yellow leaves, or none, or few, do hang (b)Upon those boughs which shake against the cold,(a） Bare ruind choirs, where late the sweet birds sang.（b ）In me thou seest the twilight of such day As after sunset fadeth in the west, Which by and by black night doth take away, Deaths

12、 second self, that seals up all in rest. In me thou seest the glowing of such fire That on the ashes of his youth doth lie, As the death-bed whereon it must expire Consumed with that which it was nourishd by（四行诗）This thou perceivest, which makes thy love more strong, To love that well which thou mus

13、t leave ere long. （双韵体）That time of year thou mayst in me behold When yellow leaves, or none, or few, do hang 在我身上你或许会看见秋天， 当黄叶，或尽脱，或只三三两两 Upon those boughs which shake against the cold, Bare ruind choirs, where late the sweet birds sang. 挂在瑟缩的枯枝上索索抖颤- 荒废的歌坛，那里百鸟曾合唱。In me thou seest the twilight of

14、such day As after sunset fadeth in the west, 在我身上你或许会看见暮霭， 它在日落后向西方徐徐消退： Which by and by black night doth take away, Deaths second self, that seals up all in rest.黑夜，死的化身，渐渐把它赶开， 严静的安息笼住纷纭的万类。In me thou seest the glowing of such fire That on the ashes of his youth doth lie,在我身上你或许会看见余烬， 它在青春的寒灰里奄奄一息

15、，As the death-bed whereon it must expire Consumed with that which it was nourishd by在惨淡灵床上早晚总要断魂， 给那滋养过它的烈焰所销毁。 This thou perceivest, which makes thy love more strong, To love that well which thou must leave ere long. 看见了这些，你的爱就会加强， 因为他转瞬要辞你溘然长往。 metaphor Yellow leaves/ twilight / the glowing of such fire -poet : weak , at end of his lifetime Birds-happy time Sunset-poet: die