中考英语真题分类汇编题型3阅读理解专项训练十二科普知识与现代科技(含解析)3678

1、2018年中考英语真题分类汇编题型3阅读理解专项训练十二科普知识与现代科技(含分析)_36782018年中考英语真题分类汇编题型3阅读理解专项训练十二科普知识与现代科技(含分析)_367810/102018年中考英语真题分类汇编题型3阅读理解专项训练十二科普知识与现代科技(含分析)_3678专项训练十二科普知识与现代科技时间：810分钟/篇分值：2分/小题Passage1(2018南京)Anewreportshowswhatlifemightbelikein100yearsfromnow.Itdescribesskyscrapersthataremuchtallerthantodaysbuil

2、dings,underwaterbubblecitiesandholidaysinspace.Thereportisfromacompany.Itaskedexperts(专家)onspaceandarchitecture,aswellascityplanners,togivetheirideasonthelifein2116.Theysaidthewaywelive,workandplaywillbetotallydifferenttohowwedothesethingstoday.TheexpertsusedtheInternetasanexample.Theysaidthat25year

3、sago,peoplecouldnotimaginehowtheInternetandsmartphoneswouldchangeourlives.TheInternethascompletelychangedthewaywecommunicate,learnanddodailythings.Theexpertssaidthechangesinthenextcenturywouldbeevenmoreunbelievable.Researchersquestioned2，000adultsaboutthepredictions(预知)theythoughtweremostlikely(很可能的

4、)tohappeninthefuture.Theypredictedthatinthefuture,fewpeoplewillgotoanofficebutwillworkfromhomeandhaveworkmeetingsonline.Peoplewillhavehighlydeveloped3-Dprintersthatwillletyoudownload(下载)adesignforfurnitureorafoodrecipeandthenprintthesofa,tableorpizzaathome.Therewillalsobelessneedforvisitstothedoctor

5、.Wewillallhaveahomehealthinstrumentthatwilltelluswhattheproblemisandgiveustreatment.WewillalsobegoingintospaceforholidaysandtogetresourcesthatwehaveuseduponEarth.ApredictionthatismissingiswhetherpeoplewillstillneedtostudyEnglish.()1.ThewriterusestheexampleoftheInternetinParagraph1toshow_A.theInterne

6、twasoftenusedB.theInternethasdevelopedfastC.peoplewillnotbelievethechangesD.technologywillchangepeopleslives()2.Withthehelpofhighlydeveloped3-Dprinters,awaytogetasofain2116isto_A.buyoneinashopB.asksomebodytomakeoneC.downloadadesignandprintoneD.designandmakeonebyoneself()3.Accordingtothepassage,themi

7、ssingpredictionis_A.howpeoplewillworkB.wherepeoplewillgetresourcesC.whatpeoplewillhaveathometotreatillnessD.whetherpeoplewillstillneedtolearnEnglish()4.Thepassageismainlyabout_A.thelifein2116B.holidaysinspaceC.thehistoryoftheInternetD.medicaltreatment()5.Thepassageismostprobablyfrom_A.anadvertisemen

8、tB.anewspaperC.adetectivestoryD.ahealthreportPassage2(2018山西)WhenIopenedmye-mailtheotherday,Rachel,aprettywoman,appearedonmycomputerscreen.Shegreetedmebynameandstartedtalkinghappily.Sometimesshestoppedtosmileatmeorblowakiss.Itwascool,right?Infact,shewasreadingtomeane-mailfrommybrotherJohn.Rachelcoul

9、dbetherebecauseofanewtechnologycalledFacemail.Facemailletsyousende-mailsinafunnyway.Byusingit,youre-mailscanbereadtothereceiverbyanattractivepersonorbyaclown.Youcandownloadthesoftwareatwww.Fwithoutpaying.Facemailfacesarelivelyandtheycansimulatetheemotionsthatyouputinyourtext.Forexample,typein，andRac

10、helblowsakiss.LifeFX,thecompanythatdevelopedtheFacemail,issuretherearewidebusinessuses.Whyise-businessnotsopopularnow?Oneofthereasonsisthatbuyingonlinehasnohumantouch.ButifyougototheNikewebsite,andthefamousbasketballstarMichaelJordangreetsyoubyname,servesyou,andpersonallycloses_the_sale,_wontyoubeha

11、ppy?Also,ifmomcantbehomewhenkidsgetbackfromschool,shecanleaveanotewithavoiceandpictureonthescreentotellthemwhatthereistoeat.ItstruethatFacemailmakeslifeeasyandfun,butitshouldbeusedwithcare.Theclownlookslivelyandfunnyatfirst.Butifyouchoosetheclown,putafewrudewordsinane-mailandaddsomeangryemotions,you

12、vegotaPsychomail.()1.Infact,whoisRachel?A.Sheisaprettyactress.B.SheisJohnsgirlfriend.C.Sheisnotarealperson.()2.WhatisthemainadvantageofFacemail?A.Youdontneedtopayforit.B.E-mailcanbeattractiveinamorelovelyway.C.Youcanaskabeautifulwomantoreadthee-mailtoyou.()3.Whatdoestheunderlinedexpression“closesthe

13、sale”probablymean?A.停止营业B.完成交易C.撤消折扣()4.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.Youshouldntchooseaclown.B.Facemailcanbewidelyusedinbusiness.C.MomcanshowherkidshowtocookbyFacemail.()5.Whatisthewritersattitude(态度)towardsFacemail?A.HethinksitsadangertotheInternet.B.Hethinksitneedsfurtherimprov

14、ement.C.Hethinksitsacoolandfunnytechnology.Passage3(2018重庆B卷)Manyhomeshavecamerastoprotectthemfromdanger.Thecamerascantelltheownersifsomeonehasentered.Butthecamerasdonotknowwhetherthepersonisafamilymember,afriend,apostmanoracriminal(犯人)ButanewcameramadebyaFrenchcompanycanrecognize(鉴别出)faces.Itcantel

15、lparentsatworkthattheirchildrenhavereturnedfromschool,orthatthemailhasbeensenttotheirhome.Itcanalsotellthemifastrangerhasenteredtheirhome.Whenfamilymembersenterahome,thesmartcamera“recognizes”themandsendsinformationtotheownersphone.Theownercanchoosetoseethevideothenorlater.Butifanunknownpersonenters

16、ahome,thecamerawillsendawarningsoundontheownersphone.ThisiswhathappenedrecentlytoasmarthomecameraownernamedDamien.HelivesinParis.“OnaFridayIwasatwork,havingabigmonthlymeetingwhenmyphonemoved.AtfirstItoldmyselfOh,itmustbeawrongwarn，butmyphonewastellingmetherewasafacethatthecameradidnotrecognize.Somet

17、hingwashappeninginmyhouse!”“IsawapersonIdidnotknowwithhisshoeson,whichisnotallowedinmyapartment(公寓).Iwatcheditonthevideo.Ifeltquitesurprised.Ihurriedbackhomeasfastaspossibleandcalledthepoliceontheway.Thankstothesmartcamera,thecriminalwascaughtsoon，”saidDamien.()1.Thenewsmartcameraisdifferentfromtheo

18、nesinmanyhomesbecauseitcan_.A.protecttheownerB.helpaschoolchildC.recognizefacesD.callthepolice()2.InDamiensapartment,peoplecant_A.wearshoesB.watchvideosC.havecamerasD.sendmails()3.Ifweputthepassageintothreeparts,whichofthefollowingisthebest?(Para.(自然段)1Para.2Para.3Para.4Para.5)A.；B.；C.；D.；()4.Thebes

19、ttitleofthepassagemaybe“_”A.CatchingCriminalsinaBetterWayB.StrangeVideoFacesC.WarningSoundonthePhoneD.SmartHomeCamerasPassage4(2018德州)HoverCamera(无人相机)WangMengqiu,theinventorofHoverCamera,wasborninHangzhouin1982.HeoncestudiedatStanfordUniversityintheUnitedStates.Hebecamefamousovernight(一夜成名)becauseo

20、ftheinvention.Forgetselfiesticks(自拍杆)!Comparedtoothercameras,HoverCamerahasmanyadvantages.*Itcanflyandstayinmid-air,trackyourfaceandevenfollowyoutomakesureitgetstheperfectpicture.*Itcanbecontrolledbyusingasmartphone(智好手机)*Itrecordsmovementswitha13MPcameraandtakes4Kvideo.*Itisthebestchoiceforweddings

21、,sportsgamesandholidays.Mr.Wangalsosaid,“Themaindesignconsiderationiseasyandsafetotakefortheusers.Itsverylightandsmall.Itcanbefolded(折叠)intwo,soitcanbeeasilyputintoabag.Whenthepowerislow,itcanlandonthegroundsafelyonitsown.”Itsreportedthatthecompanyhasraised$25milliontoproduceit.Asitisstillbeingteste

22、d(测试),HoverCameracanbeboughtlaterthisyear.Thepricehasnotyetbeendecided.Butaspokesmansaysthecompanyhopestosellitforlessthan$600.()1.HoverCameracan_A.swiminthewaterB.flyinthemid-airC.changeitsweightD.beusedasaphone()2.Theunderlinedword“track”means_A.pullB.followC.pushD.show()3.Accordingtothepassage,wh

23、yisHoverCameraeasyandsafetotake?A.Itslightandsmall.B.Itcanbefoldedinthree.C.Itdoesntneedpower.D.Onlyasmartphonecanmakeitland.()4.Whichisnotmentionedinthepassage?A.HowcanwecontrolHoverCamera?B.WhencanwebuyHoverCamera?C.HowmuchisHoverCamera?D.HowpopularwillHoverCamerabe?()5.Accordingtothepassage,WangM

24、engqiuisa_youngman.A.braveB.quietC.creativeD.humorousPassage5(2018威海)TheBuildingThatMovesEveryoneknowsthatbuildingsdontmove.Theycantchangethewaytheylook.However,architect(建筑师)DavidFisherwantstochangethat.Fisherhasanamazingidea.Hewantstomake80-storybuildingsthatchangeshape.Eachfloorwillmovearoundslow

25、ly.Thefloorswillmoveatdifferentspeeds.Becauseofthis,theshapeofthebuildingisalwayschanging.“Thesebuildingswillneverlookthesame，”saysFisher.Hisideaisaninterestingone.However,Fisherdoesntstopthere.Healsowantsthebuildingtobe“green”.Thebuildingwillmakeitsownenergy.Inmostbuildings,onlythetopfloorhasaroof(

26、屋顶).InFishersbuilding,eachfloorwillhaveitsownroof.Theroofseachhavesolarpanels(太阳能板).Thismeansalotmoresolarenergy.Also,machinesbetweeneachfloorofthebuildingwillcatchthewind.Theywillturnthewindintoenergy.Fishersideassoundimpossible.However,thats_what_people_also_said_before_humans_traveled_into_space!

27、()1.Thepassageismainlytalkingabout_A.buildingsforthefutureB.thelifeofanarchitectC.howgreenbuildingswork()2.Theunderlinedword“80-story”meansthebuildinghas80_A.shapesB.floorsC.differentspeeds()3.Fishersbuildingcanmakeitsownenergybecausethebuilding_A.istallandalwaysmovingB.istallandhasmanysolarpanelsC.

28、isalwaysmovingandhasmanysolarpanels()4.TheFishersbuildingwillNOTgetenergyfrom_A.thesunB.thewaterC.thewind()5.Whydoesthewritersay“thats_what_people_also_said_before_humans_traveled_into_space”？A.ToshowwhyFishersbuildingwillneverwork.B.ToshowwhyFishersbuildingislikeaspaceship.C.Toshowthatunusualideasc

29、ansometimeswork.Passage6(2018福州)Pollutioninsidehomesandotherbuildingskillsmorethan4millionpeopleeachyear.Manypeopledieasaresultofbreathingsmokeorfromcookingoverwood-poweredorcoal-poweredstoves.Onewaytoreducethenumberofdeathsisthroughcookingequipmentpoweredbythesun.CrosbyMenzies,asolarpowerexpertinaS

30、outhAfricancompany,describedhislatestsolarcookercalledthe“Sol-4”.“Itisfoursquaremetersofmirrors,sixtoeightmetersinlength.Itisquitealargecooker.”The“Sol-4”worksbyreflecting()lightfromthesunofflargemirrors.Themirrorsdirect()thelightatacookingpan.Thenthelightheatsthepanwithsolarenergy.Withintwominutes,

31、thepanishotenoughtocooksausagesandonions.Injustfourminutes,watercanbeboiled.Thatisasfastascookingwithnaturalgasorelectricity.Thecookerisalsomuch“friendlier”thanothermodelsbecausepeopledonothavetostandinthesuntouseit.Andpeoplecanpreparemealswithouthavingtocollectfirewoodorspendmoneyoncoal.Suchindivid

32、ualswouldbelesslikelytohavebreathingillnessesfromharmfulsmoke.Atpresent,thecookeronlyworkswhenthesunisshining.Butengineersareworkingonawaytomakeitworkwithoutsunlight.Eachcookercostsabout$2000,whichisalargeamountofmoneyformostAfricans.Tosolvethatproblem,CrosbyMenzieshascreatedanon-govermentalorganiza

33、tioncalledSolarCookersforAfrica.Itplanstoraisemoneythroughdonationstoprovidepoorpeoplewithsolarcookingequipment.()1.Thispassageismainlyabout_A.solarcookersB.smokepollutionC.solarpowerexpertsD.breathingillnesses()2.The“Sol-4”ismainlyusedto_A.shortenthetimeofcookingB.reducethecostofmakingcookersC.rais

34、emoneythroughdonationstohelpAfricanpeopleD.reducethenumberofdeathscausedbyharmfulsmoke()3.Theunderlinedword“individuals”mostprobablymeans“_”A.cookersB.mirrorsC.peopleD.experts()4.Whichofthefollowingaboutthe“Sol-4”isTRUE?A.Itissixtoeightsquaremetersofmirrors.B.Itcanworkinanyweatherconditionnow.C.Itca

35、nalsoheatthepanbylightingfirewood.D.Itismoreenvironment-friendlythanothercookers.()5.Fromthepassage,wecaninferthat_A.the“Sol-4”willbedesignedinasmallersizeB.moreAfricanscanusethesolarcookersinthefutureC.the“Sol-4”isthefirstproductoftheSouthAfricancompanyD.theAfricangovernmentwillprovidepoorpeoplewit

36、hsolarcookersPassage7(2018)Gettingelectricityhasalwaysbeenaproblemforthe173peoplelivinginNuevoSaposoa,asmallvillageinPeru,SouthAmerica.However,thingswentfrombadtoworseinMarch2015afterheavyrainsdamagedtheonlypowercablesinthearea.Thevillagerswereforcedtouseoillamps,whicharenotonlyexpensivebutalsodange

37、rousbecauseoftheharmfulgasestheyproduce.Luckily，researchersattheUniversityofTechnology(UT)inLima,Peruheardabouttheirproblemandfoundawonderfulsolution.Theymadealampthatcanbepoweredbyplantsandsoil,bothofwhichcanbeeasilyfoundintheAmazonianrainforestwherethevillagelies.Thelamptakesenergyfromaplantgrowin

38、ginawoodenboxandusesittolightupanLEDlightbulb.Whilethatmaysoundamazingandevenimpossible,thesciencebehindtheideaisquitesimple.Asplantscreatetheirfood(usingthesunsenergy,waterandchemicalsfromthesoil),theyalsoproducewastewhichtheyreturntothesoil.Tinyanimalsinthesoileatthiswasteandtheyproduceelectronsth

39、ebuildingblocksofelectricalenergy.TheUTteamputspecialsticksinsidethesoiltocapturetheenergyandkeepitinthelampsbatteriesforlateruse.Theresearcherssayasinglechargecanpowera50-wattLEDlightfortwohoursenoughtimeforlocalvillagerstogettheireveningworkdone.TheuniversitygavetenPlantLampstothevillagersofNuevoS

40、aposoainOctober2015.Sofar,theyhavebeenahugesuccess!ElmerRamirez,theUTprofessorwhoinventedthelampbelievesthePlantLampcouldhelpimprovethelivesofmanypeople,especiallysmallrainforestcommunities,42%ofwhomhavenoelectricity.()1.WhataretheproblemsofoillampsaccordingtoParagraph1?A.Theyaredifficulttouseandcre

41、atepollution.B.Theyareexpensivetobuyandeasilydamaged.C.Theyaredifficulttorepairandproducelittlelight.D.Theyareexpensivetouseandcanbebadforhealth.()2.TheelectricitymadebythePlantLampcomesfrom_A.plantfoodB.plantwasteC.thesoilsheatD.thesunsenergy()3.WhatistrueaboutthePlantLamp?A.Itcanbemadebylocalpeopl

42、e.B.Itismucheasiertousethanoillamps.C.Itcanproducealltheelectricitythevillageneeds.D.Thethingsitneedstomakeelectricityareeasytofind.()4.ThePlantLampsinventorbelievesitcouldbemosthelpfulfor_A.rainforestcommunitiesB.carsC.poorpeopleincitiesD.farmers()5.Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?A.Toreportonanewinve

43、ntion.B.Toexplainanewscientifictheory.C.Todescribehowelectricityismade.D.Todiscusstheproblemsofpoorvillages.专项训练十二科普知识与现代科技Passage1【要旨粗心】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了100年后的生活。1.D【分析】细节理解题。题干意为：作者在第一段使用网络的例子来表示。由第一段中“Theysaidthat25yearsago,peoplecouldnotimaginehowtheInternetandsmartphoneswouldchangeourlives.”可知，人们不敢想

44、象科学技术能改变人们的生活。应选D。2.C【分析】细节理解题。题干意为：在高速发展的3D打印机的帮助下，在2116年获取一个沙发的方式是。由第二段第三句“Peoplewillhavehighlydeveloped3-Dprintersthatwillletyoudownload(下载)adesignforfurnitureorafoodrecipeandthenprintthesofa,tableorpizzaathome.”可知，人们下载一个设计，而后用高速发展的3D打印机打印出来。应选C。D【分析】细节理解题。题干意为：依据这篇文章，消逝的预知是。由文章第二段最后一句“Apredictio

45、nthatismissingiswhetherpeoplewillstillneedtostudyEnglish.”可知，一个消逝的预知是人们能否仍需要学习英语。应选D。A【分析】要旨粗心题。题干意为：这篇文章主若是对于。由文章第一句话“Anewreportshowswhatlifemightbelikein100yearsfromnow.”可知，文章主要叙述了100年后的生活。应选A。5.B【分析】推理判断题。题干意为：这篇文章很可能来自。文章主要叙述了100年后的生活。所以这篇文章很可能来自报纸。应选B。Passage2【要旨粗心】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了一种叫做Facemail的新科技产

46、品，能以一种很是迷人的男性、女性或丑角的形象向电子邮件的接收者读邮件。1.C【分析】推理判断题。题干意为：事实上，谁是Rachel？依据文章第一段“Infact,shewasreadingtomeane-mailfrommybrotherJohn.”和第二段“RachelcouldbetherebecauseofanewtechnologycalledFacemail.”可知Rachel能够读来自弟弟的邮件，她之所以能出现，是因为一种新科技。所以Rachel不是真人。应选C。B【分析】细节理解题。题干意为：Facemail的主要优势是什么？依据第二段“Facemailletsyousende-

47、mailsinafunnyway.Byusingit,youre-mailscanbereadtothereceiverbyanattractivepersonorbyaclown.”可知，用这类Facemail发送的电子邮件能够将其内容拟人化，并带有发送者所赋的表情，这样就使阅读邮件的过程变得很风趣，令人感觉很舒坦，进而拥有吸引力。应选B。3.B【分析】短语猜想题。题干意为：划线短语“closesthesale”意思可能是什么？文章第三段讲了Facemail在商务上的应用，经过“此刻的电子商务不是那么受欢迎”与假定的情境“迈克尔乔丹喊着你的名字与你打招呼、招待你，你会很快乐”之间的比较，能够

48、推测出closesthesale意为“完成交易”。应选B。B【分析】细节理解题。题干意为：依据文章以下哪项是正确的？依据第三段中对于电子商务的介绍可知作者提出了一种假定：若是你进入耐克企业的网站，看到迈克尔乔丹喊着你的名字与你打招呼、招待你并亲身与你进行交易，你不会很快乐吗？可判定B项正确。故选B。5.C【分析】推理判断题。题干意为：作者对Facemail是什么态度？经过对文章的理解，我们可知作者对Facemail是持一定和欣赏态度的，从第一段中“Itwascool,right？”以及第三段中的假定情境使电子商业变得风趣都可获取提示。应选C。Passage3【要旨粗心】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了

49、一种智能家庭摄像机的功能，并举了发生在一个用户家的案例来说明这类摄像机的奇特之处。C【分析】细节理解题。题干意为：这类新式智能摄像机与很多家庭中的不一样是因为它能。依据第二段首句“ButanewcameramadebyaFrenchcompanycanrecognize(鉴别出faces.”可知这类摄像机的不一样之处在于它能辨别脸部。应选C。)A【分析】细节理解题。题干意为：在Damien的公寓内，人们不可以。依据最后一段第一句“IsawapersonIdidnotknowwithhisshoeson,whichisnotallowedinmyapartment(公寓)”可知在Damien的公

50、寓内不一样意穿鞋，应选A。B【分析】文章构造题。题干意为：假如我们把这篇短文分红三部分，下边哪一项为哪一项最好的？阅读短文可知这篇短文第一段介绍了传统摄像机的功能，第二段介绍了一种新式智能摄像机，第三、四、五段介绍了发生在Damien家的一件事，所以依据这个构造来区分段落最好。应选B。D【分析】标题概括题。题干意为：这篇短文最好的标题可能是“”。阅读短文可知这篇短文主要介绍了一种智能家庭摄像机。应选D。Passage4【要旨粗心】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了出生在杭州的80后小伙王孟秋发明的无人相机的一些特色及发展远景。1.B【分析】细节理解题。题干意为：无人相机能够。依据第三段第一句“Itcan

51、flyandstayinmid-air.”可知这款相机能够在半空中飞翔并逗留。应选B。B【分析】词义猜想题。题干意为：划线单词“track”的意思是。依据第三段第一句中的“.flyandstayinmid-air.”及“.andevenfollowyoutomakesureitgetstheperfectpicture.”能够猜想出track的意思为“追踪”。应选B。A【分析】细节理解题。题干意为：依据文章内容，为何无人相机携带方便且安全？根据第七段第二句“Itsverylightandsmall.”可知因为无人相机轻巧、小巧而便于携带。应选A。4.D【分析】推理判断题。题干意为：下边哪一项没

52、有被提到？通读全文可知A项在第四段“Itcanhecontrolledbyusingasmartphone(智好手机)”被说起；B项在第八段第二句“.HoverCameracanbeboughtlaterthisyear”被说起；C项第九段第二句“Butaspokesmansaysthecompanyhopestosellitforlessthan$600.”被说起，只有D项未被说起。应选D。C【分析】推理判断题。题干意为：依据文章，王孟秋是一个年青人。通读全文可知，王孟秋发了然无人相机，说明他是一个有创新意识的人。应选C。Passage5【要旨粗心】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了建筑师大卫菲舍尔想

53、建筑一个80层环保型挪动建筑的独到假想。A【分析】要旨粗心题。题干意为：这篇短文主要讨论了。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了建筑师大卫菲舍尔对于未来大楼的假想，应选A。2.B【分析】词义猜想题。题干意为：划线单词“80-story”是指建筑有80。依据第二段第三、四句“Eachfloorwillmovearoundslowly.Thefloorswillmoveatdifferentspeeds.”可知“80-story”指的是“80层”。应选B。C【分析】细节理解题。题干意为：菲舍尔的大楼能够自己产生能源，因为这座大楼。根据第三段第六、七句“InFishersbuilding,eachfloorwillhaveitsownroof.Theroofseachhavesolarpanels(太阳能板)”及第九、十句“Also,machinesbetweeneachfloorofthebuildingwillcatchthewind.Theywillturnthewindintoenergy.”可知，菲舍尔设计的大楼能产生能量是因为大楼每层都有太阳能板，且建筑物楼层间的机器能够从挪动的楼层中获取风能。应选C。4.