管理类联考英语真题

1、管理类联考英语真题及答案管理类联考英语真题及答案12/12管理类联考英语真题及答案启用前绝密2013年全国硕士研究生入学一致考试管理类专业硕士学位联考英语二考生注意事项考生一定严格恪守各项考场规则。答题前，考生应将答题卡上的“考生姓名”、“报考单位”、“考生编号”等信息填写清楚，并与准考据上的一致。答案一定按要求填涂或写在指定的答题卡上。1）英语应用、阅读理解A部分的答案填涂在答题卡上，阅读理解B部分、英译汉的答案和作文的答案写在答题纸上。2）填涂部分应当依据答题卡上的要求用2B铅笔达成。如要变动，一定用橡皮擦洁净。书写部分（英译汉的答案和作文）一定用蓝（黑）色笔迹钢笔、圆珠笔或署名笔在答题卡

2、上作答。答题卡禁止折叠。考试结束后，将答题卡和答题纸一同放入原试卷袋中，试卷交给监考人，禁止在档案袋上填写任何信息。2013年全国硕士研究生入学一致考试管理类专业硕士学位联考英语试卷SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtexts.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblackandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)Giventheadvantagesofelectronicmoney,youmightthinkthatwewouldmovequicklytothe

3、cashlesssocietyinwhichallpaymentsaremadeelectronically._1_atruecashlesssocietyisprobablynotaroundthecorner.Indeed,predictionshavebeen_2_fortwodecadesbuthavenotyetcometofruition.Forexample,BusinessWeekpredictedin1975thatelectronicmeansofpaymentwouldsoonrevolutionizethevery_3_ofmoneyitself,onlyto_4_it

4、selfseveralyearslater.Whyhasthemovementtoacashlesssocietybeenso_5_incoming?Althoughelectronicmeansofpaymentmaybemoreefficientthanapaymentssystembasedonpaper,severalfactorswork_6_thedisappearanceofthepapersystem.First,itisvery_7_tosetupthecomputer,cardreader,andtelecommunicationnetworksnecessarytomak

5、eelectronicmoneythe_8_formofpaymentSecond,papercheckshavetheadvantagethatthey_9_receipts,somethingthatmanyconsumersareunwillingto_10_.Third,theuseofpaperchecksgivesconsumersseveraldaysoffloat-ittakesseveraldays_11_acheckiscashedandfundsare_12_fromtheissuersaccount,whichmeansthatthewriterofthecheckca

6、ncaminterestonthefundsinthemeantime._13_electronicpaymentsarcimmediate,theyeliminatethefloatfortheconsumer.Fourth,electronicmeansofpaymentmay_14_securityandprivacyconcerns.Weoftenhearmediareportsthatanunauthorizedhackerhasbeenabletoaccessacomputerdatabaseandtoalterinformation_15_there.Thefactthatthi

7、sisnotan_16_occurrencemeansthatdishonestpersonsmightbeabletoaccessbankaccountsinelectronicpaymentssystemsand_17_fromsomeoneelsesaccounts.The_18_ofthistypeoffraudisnoeasytask,andanewfieldofcomputerscienceisdevelopingto_19_securityissues.Afurtherconcernisthattheuseofelectronicmeansofpaymentleavesanele

8、ctronic_20_thatcontainsalargeamountofpersonaldata.Thereareconcernsthatgovernment,employers,andmarketersmightbeabletoaccessthesedata,therebyviolatingourprivacy.1.AHoweverBMoreoverCThereforeDOtherwise2.AoffBbackCoverDaround3.ApowerBconceptChistoryDrole4.ArewardBresistCresumeDreverse5.AsilentBsuddenCsl

9、owDsteady6.AforBagainstCwithDon7.AimaginativeBexpensiveCsensitiveDproductive8.AsimilarBoriginalCtemporaryDdominant9.AcollectBprovideCcopyDprint10.AgiveupBtakeoverCbringbackDpassdown11.AbeforeBafterCsinceDwhen12.AkeptBborrowedCreleasedDwithdrawn13.AUnlessBUntilCBecauseDThough14.AhideBexpressCraiseDea

10、se15.AanalyzedBsharedCstoredDdisplayed16.AunsafeBunnaturalCuncommonDunclear17.AstealBchooseCbenefitDreturn18.AconsiderationBpreventionCmanipulationDjustification19.AcopewithBfightagainstCadapttoDcallfor20.AchunkBchipCpathDtrailSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.An

11、swerthequestionsaftereachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)Text1Inanessayentitled“MakingItinAmerica”,theauthorAdamDavidsonrelatesajokefromcottonaboutjusthowmuchamoderntextilemillhasbeenautomated:Theaveragemillonlytwoemployeestoday,”amanandadog.Themanistheretofeedthedogis

12、theretokeepthemanawayfromthemachines.”Davidsonsarticleisoneofanumberofpiecesthathaverecentlyappearedmakingthepointthatthereasonwehavesuchstubbornlyhighunemploymentanddecliningmiddle-classincomestodayisalsobecauseoftheadvancesinbothglobalizationandtheinformationtechnologyrevolution,whicharemorerapidl

13、ythaneverreplacinglaborwithmachinesorforeignworker.Inthepast,workerswithaverageskills,doinganaveragejob,couldearnanaveragelifestyle,But,today,averageisofficiallyover.Beingaveragejustwontearnyouwhcantwhensomanymoreemployershavesomuchmoreaccesstosomuchmoreaboveaveragecheapforeignlabor,cheaprobotics,ch

14、eapsoftware,cheapautomationandcheapgenius.Therefore,everyoneneedstofindtheirextra-theiruniquevaluecontributionthatmakesthemstandoutinwhateveristheirfieldofemployment.Yes,newtechnologyhasbeeneatingjobsforever,andalwayswill.Buttheresbeeacceleration.AsDavidsonnotes,”Inthe10yearsendingin2009,U.S.factori

15、esshedworkerssofastthattheyerasedalmostallthegainsoftheprevious70years;roughlyoneoutofeverythreemanufacturingjobs-about6millionintotal-disappeared.Therewillalwaysbechanged-newjobs,newproducts,newservices.ButtheonethingweknowforsureisthatwitheachadvanceinglobalizationandtheI.T.revolution,thebestjobsw

16、illrequireworkerstohavemoreandbettereducationtomakethemselvesaboveaverage.Inaworldwhereaverageisofficiallyover,therearemanythingsweneedtodotosupportstemployment,butnothingwouldbemoreimportantthanpassingsomekindofG.I.Billforthe21centurythatensuresthateveryAmericanhasaccesstopoet-highschooleducation.T

17、hejokeinParagraph1isusedtoillustrate_theimpactoftechnologicaladvancesthealleviationofjobpressuretheshrinkageoftextilemillsthedeclineofmiddle-classincomesAccordingtoParagraph3,tobeasuccessfulemployee,onehasto_workoncheapsoftwareaskforamoderatesalaryadoptanaveragelifestylecontributesomethinguniqueTheq

18、uotationinParagraph4explainsthat_gainsoftechnologyhavebeenerasedjobopportunitiesaredisappearingatahighspeedfactoriesaremakingmuchlessmoneythanbeforenewjobsandserviceshavebeenofferedAccordingtotheauthor,toreduceunemployment,themostimportantis_toacceleratetheI.T.revolutiontoensuremoreeducationforpeopl

19、eroadvanceeconomicglobalizationtopassmorebillsinthe21stcenturyWhichofthefollowingwouldbethemostappropriatetitleforthetext?NewLawTakesEffectTechnologyGoesCheapAverageIsOverRecessionIsBadText2Acenturyago,theimmigrantsfromacrosstheAtlanticincluedsettlersandsojourners.Alongwiththemanyfolkslookingtomakea

20、permanenthomeintheUnitedStatescamethosewhohadnointentiontostay,and7millinpeoplearrivedwhileabout2milliondeparted.AboutaquarterofallItalianimmigrants,forexanmle,eventuallyreturnedtoItalyforgood.Theyevenhadanaffectionatenickname,“uccellidipassaggio,”birdsofpassage.Today,wearemuchmorerigidaboutimmigran

21、ts.Wedividenemcomersintotwocategories:legalorillegal,goodorbad.WehailthemasAmericansinthemaking,orourbrokenimmigrantionsystemandthelongpoliticalparalysisoverhowtofixit.Wedontneedmorecategoriesneedtochangethewaywethinkaboutcategories.Weneedtolookbeyondstrickdefinitionsoflegalandillegal.Tostart,wecanr

22、ecognizethenewbirdsofpassage,thoselivingandthrivinginthegrayareas.Wemightthenbegintosolveourimmigrationchallenges.Croppickers,violinists,constructionworkers,entrepreneurs,engineers,homehealth-careaidesandphysicistsareamongtodaysbirdsofpassage.Theyareenergeticparticipantsinaglobaleconomydrivenbythefl

23、owofwork,moneyandideas.Theyprefertocomeandgoasopportunitycallsthem,Theycanmanagetohaveajobinoneplaceandafamilyinanother.Withorwithoutpermission,theystraddlelaws,jurisdictionsandidentitieswithease.WeneedthemtoimaginetheUnitedStatesasaplacewheretheycanbeproductiveforawhilewithoutcommittingthemselvesto

24、stayingforever.Weneedthemtofeelthathomecanbebothhereandthereandthattheycanbelongtotwonationshonorably.Accommodatingthisnewworldofpeopleinmotionwillrequirenewattitudesonbothsidesoftheimmigrationbattle.Lookingbeyondtheculturewarlogicofrightorwrongmeansopeningupthemiddlegroundandunderstandingthatmanagi

25、ngimmigrationtodayrequiresmultiplepathsandmultipleoutcomes.Includingsomethatarenoteasytoaccomplishlegallyintheexistingsystem.“Birdsofpassage”referstothosewho_immigrateacrosstheAtlantic.leavetheirhomecountriesforgood.stayinaforegintemporaily.findpermanentjobsoverseas.Itisimpliedinparagraph2thatthecur

26、rentimmigrationstystemintheUS_needsnewimmigrantcategories.hasloosenedcontroloverimmigrants.shouldbeadoptedtomeetchallenges.hasbeenfixeedviapoliticalmeans.28.Accordingtotheauthor,todaysbirdsofpassagewant_fiancialincentives.aglobalrecognition.opportunitiestogetregularjobs.thefreedomtostayandleave.Thea

27、uthorsuggeststhatthebirdsofpassagetodayshouldbetreated_asfaithfulpartners.witheconomicfavors.withregaltolerance.asmightyrivals.Ceandgo:bigmistake.livingandthriving:greatrisk.withorwithout:greatrisk.legalorillegal:bigmistake.Text3Scientistshavefoundthatalthoughwearepronetosnapoverreactions,ifwetakeam

28、omentandthinkabouthowwearelikelytoreact,wecanreduceoreveneliminatethenegativeeffectsofourquick,hard-wiredresponses.Snapdecisionscanbeimportantdefensemechanisms;ifwearejudgingwhethersomeoneisdangerous,ourbrainsandbodiesarehard-wiredtoreactveryquickly,withinmilliseconds.Butweneedmoretimetoassessotherf

29、actors.Toaccuratelytellwhethersomeoneissociable,studiesshow,weneedatleastaminute,preferablyfive.Ittakesawhiletojudgecomplexaspectsofpersonality,likeneuroticismoropen-mindedness.ButsnapdecisionsinreactiontorapidstimuliarentexclusivetotheinterpersonalrealmPsychologistsattheUniversityofTorontofoundthat

30、viewingafast-foodlogoforjustafewmillisecondsprimesustoread20percentfaster,eventhoughreadinghaslittletodowitheating.Weunconsciouslyassociatefastfoodwithspeedandimpatienceandcarrythoseimpulsesintowhateverelseweredoing,Subjectsexposedtofast-foodflashesalsotendtothinkamusicalpiecelaststoolong.Yetwecanre

31、versesuchinfluences.Ifweknowwewilloverreacttoconsumerproductsorhousingoptionswhenweseeahappyface(onereasongoodsalesrepresentativesandrealestateagentsarealwayssmiling),wecantakeamomentbeforebuying.Ifweknowfemalejobscreenersaremorelikelytorejectattractivefemaleapplicants,wecanhelpscreenersunderstandth

32、eirbiases-orhireoutsidescreeners.JohnGottman,themarriageexpert,explainsthatwequickly“thinslice”informatioonlyafterwegroundsuchsnapreactionsin“thicksliced”long-termstudy.WhenDr.Gottmwantstoassesswhetheracouplewillstaytogether,heinvitesthemtohisislandretreatforamucklongerevaluation;twodays,nottwosecon

33、ds.Ourabilitytomuteourhard-wiredreactionsbypausingiswhatdifferentiatesusfromanimals:dogecanthinkaboutthefutureonlyintermittentlyorforafewminutes.Buthistoricallywehavespentabout12percentofourdayscontemplatingthelongerterm.Althoughtechnologymightchangethewaywereact,ithasntchangedournature.Westillhavet

34、heimaginativecapacitytoriseabovetemptationandreversethehigh-speedtrend.Thetimeneededinmakingdecisionsmay_.varyaccordingtotheurgencyofthesituationprovethecomplexityofourbrainreactiondependontheimportanceoftheassessmentpredeterminetheaccuracyofourjudgmentOurreactiontoafast-foodlogoshowsthatsnaodecisio

35、ns_.canbeassociativearenotunconsciouscanbedangerousarenotimpulsiveToreversethenegativeinfluencesofsnapdecisions,weshould_.trustourfirstimpressiondoaspeopleusuallydothinkbeforeweactaskforexpertadviceJohnGottmansaysthatreliablesnapreactionarebasedon_.criticalassessmentBthinslicedstudysensibleexplanati

36、onadequateinformationTheauthorsattitudetowardreversingthehigh-speedtrendis_.tolerantuncertainoptimisticdoubtfulText4Europeisnotagender-equalityheaven.Inparticular,thecorporateworkplacewillneverbecompletelyfamilyfriendlyuntilwomenarepartofseniormanagementdecisions,andEurope,stopcorporate-governancepo

37、sitionsremainoverwhelminglymale.indeed,womenholdonly14percentofpositionsonEuropecorporateboards.TheEuropeUnionisnowconsideringlegislationtocompelcorporateboardstomaintainacertainproportionofwomen-upto60percent.Thisproposedmandatewasbornoffrustration.Lastyear,EuropeCommissionVicePresidentVivianeRedin

38、gissuedacalltovoluntaryaction.Redinginvitedcorporationstosignupforgenderbalancegoalof40percentfemaleboardmembership.Butherappealwasconsideredafailure:only24companiestookitup.DoweneedquotastoensurethatwomencancontinuetoclimbthecorporateLadderfairyastheybalanceworkandfamily?“Personally,Idontlikequotas

39、,”Redingsaidrecently.“Butilikewhatthequotasgetaction:they“openthewaytoequalityandtheybreakthroughtheglassceiling,”Reding,aresultseeninFranceandothercountrieswithlegallybindingprovisionsonplacingwomenintopbusinesspositions.IunderstandRedingsreluctance-andherfrustration.Idontlikequotaseither;theyrutom

40、ybeliefinmeritocracy,governmentbythecapable.Bur,whenoneconsiderstheobstaclestoachievingthemeritocraticideal,itdoeslookasifafairerworldmustbetemporarilyordered.Afterall,fourdecadesofevidencehasnowshownthatcorporationsinEuropeastheUSareevadingthemeritocratichiringandpromotionofwomentotoppositionnomatt

41、erhowmpressure”isputuponthem.Whenwomendobreakthroughtothesummitofcorporatepower-as,forexample,SherylSandbergrecentlydidatFacebooktheyattractmassiveattentionpreciselybecausetheyremaintheexceptiontotherule.IfappropriatepubicpolicieswereinplacetohelpallwomenwhetherCEOsortheirchildrencaregivers-andallfa

42、milies,Sandbergwouldbenomorenewsworthythananyotherhighlycapablepersonlivinginamorejustsociety.IntheEuropeancorporateworkplace,generally_.womentaketheleadmenhavethefinalsaycorporategovernanceisoverwhelmedseniormanagementisfamily-friendlyTheEuropeanUnionsintendedlegislationis_.areflectionofgenderbalan

43、ceareluctantchoiceCaresponsetoRedingscallavoluntaryactionAccordingtiReding,quotasmayhelpwomen_.gettopbusinesspositionsseethroughtheglassceilingbalanceworkandfamilyanticipatelegalresults39.TheauthorsattitudetowardRedingsappealisoneof_.skepticismobjectivenessindifferenceapprovalWomenenteringtopmanagem

44、entbecomeheadlinesduetothelackof_.moresocialjusticemassivemediaattentionsuitablepublicpoliciesgreater“softpressure”PartBDirections:Youaregoingtoreadalistofheadingsandatext.ChoosethemostsuitableheadingfromthelistA-Gforeachnumberedparagraph(41-45).Therearetwoextrachoicesintherightcolumn.Markyouranswer

45、onANSWERSHEET1.(10points)LivelikeapeasantBalanceyourdietShopkeepersareyourfriendsRemembertotreatyourselfSticktowhatyouneedPlanningiseverythingWastenot,wantnotThehugelypopularblogtheSkintFoodiechronicleshowTonybalanceshisloveofgoodfoodwithlivingonbenefits.Afterbills,Tonyhas60aweektospend,40ofwhichgoe

46、soyearsagohewasearning130,000aIyearworkingincorporatecommunicationsandeatingatLondonsbetftrestaurantsatleasttwiceaweek.Thenhismarriagefailed,hiscareerburnedoutandhisdrinkingbecameserious.Thecommunitymentalhealthteamsavedmylife.AndIfeltlikethatagain,toacertaindegree,whenpeoplerespondedtotheblogsowell

47、.ItgavemethevalidationandconfidencethatIdlost.Butitsstilladay-by-daything.Nowheslivinginacouncilflatandfieldingoffersfromliteraryagents.Hesfeelingpositive,buthellcarryonblogging-notabouteatingascheaplyasyoucan-therearesomanypeopleinamuchworsestate,withbarelyanymoneytospendonfood-buteatingwellonabudg

48、et.Hereshisadviceforeconomicalfoodies.41._Impulsivespendingisntanoption,soplanyourweeksmenuinadvance,makingshoppinglistsforyouringredientsintheirexactquantities.IhaveanExceltemplateforaweekofbreakfast,lunchanddinner.Stoplaughing:itsnotjustcosteffectivebuthelpsyoubalanceyourdiet.Itsalsoagoodideatosho

49、pdailyinsteadofweekly,because,being-human,youllsometimeschangeyourmindaboutwhatyoufancy.42._Thisiswheresupermarketsandtheiranonymitycomeinhandy.Withthem,theresnembarrassmentaswhenbuyingonecarrot.Inalittlegreengrocer.Andifyouplanproperly,youknowthatyouonlyneed,say,350gofshinofbeefandsixrashersofbacon

50、,notwhateverweightisper-packedinthesupermarketchiller.43._Youmayproudlyclaimtoonlyhavefrozenpeasinthefreezerthatsnotgoodenougfilledwithleftovers,bread,stock,meatandfish.Planningaheadshouldeliminatewastage,butifyouhavesurplusvegetablesyoulldoavegetablesoup,andallfruitsthreateningto“gcookedorjuiced.44

51、._Everyonesaysthis,butitreallyisatoptipforfrugalcaters.Shopatbutchers,delisandfish-sellersregularly,evenforsmallthings,andbesuperfriendly.Soonyoullfeelcaskingiftheyveanyknucklesofhamforsoupsandstews,orbeefbones,chickencarcassesandfishheadsforstockwhich,moreoftenthannot,theyllletyouhaveforfree.45._Yo

52、uwontbeeatingoutalot,butsaveyourpenniesandonceeveryfewmonthstreatyourselftoasetlunchatagoodrestaurant1.75aweekforthreemonthsgivesyou21moreforathree-courselunchatMichelin-starredArbutus.Its16.95thereor12.99fromDominos:IknowwhichIdrathereat.SectionIIITranslation46.Directions:Translatethefollowingtextf

53、romEnglishintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationonANSWERSHEET2.(15points)Icanpickadatefromthepast53yearsandknowinstantlywhereIwas,whathappenedinthenewsandeventhedayoftheweek.IvebeenabletodothissinceIwasfour.Ineverfeeloverwhelmedwiththeamountofinformationmybrainabsorbs.Mymindseemstobeabletocopeandtheinform

54、ationisstoredawayneatly.WhenIthinkofasadmemory,Idowhateverybodydoes-trytoputittooneside.Idontthinkitsharderformejustbecausemclearer.Powerfulmemorydoesntmakemyemotionsanymoreacuteorvivid.IcanrecallthedaymygrandfatherdiedandthesadnessIfeltwhenwewenttothehospitalthedaybefore.Ialsorememberthatthemusical

55、playHairopenedonBroadwayonthesamedaytheybothjustpopintomymindinthesameway.SectionIVWritingPartA47.Directions:Supposeyourclassistoholdacharitysaleforkidsinneedofhelp.WriteyourclassmatesanemailtoDoDo1)informthemaboutthedetailsand2)encouragethemtoparticipate.Youshouldwriteabout100wordsonANSERESHEET2.no

56、tsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter,Usenotwritetheaddress.(10points)“LiMing”instead.PartB48.Directions:Writeanessaybasedonthefollowingchartinyourwriting,youshould1)interpretthechart,and2)giveyourcomments.Youshouldwriteatleast150words.WriteyouressayonANSERESHEET2.(15points)某高校学生兼职状况2013年mba英语真题详解MBA考

57、试网参照答案：HoweveraroundconceptreverseslowagainstexpensivedominantprovidegiveupbeforewithdrawnBecauseraisestoreduncommonstealpreventioncopewithtrailtheimpactoftechnologicaladvances例子题contributesomethingunique细节题jobopportunitiesaredisappearingatahighspeed细节题toensuremoreeducationforpeople细节题AverageisOver要旨题26.stayinaforeigncountrytemporarily词义题shouldbeadaptedtomeetchallenges推测题thefreed