浅析中英语言禁忌

1、浅析中英语言禁忌开展起来的一种社交工具，其功能就是沟通信息，但在特定的语言行为中，却被赋予了它自身所没有的超人的感觉和超人的力量。社会成员竟认为语言本身能给人类带来某种桔祥或不幸，人为地设置了种种语言禁区。他们相信谁要是违犯这些语言禁忌，谁就会受到应有的惩罚。反之，谁要是忠实遵循了语言禁忌的约束，谁就会得到相应的庇护和保佑。语言禁忌会随着社会的开展而变化。本论文首先阐述了语言禁忌的演变，接着提出语言禁忌存在于人们生活的各个方面，是一种普遍存在的社会现象。在汉英两种语言中，有些忌讳是一致的。文中分析了中英语言禁忌在语音层面、词汇方面的相似性。但是由于汉英民族文化背景、意识形态、价值观念等的不同，

2、中英语言禁忌的内容和形式也有一些差异，因此本论文还讨论了中英语言禁忌在私人话题、数字和命名称谓方面的互异性。这些异同和开展演进往往会给跨文化交际带来一些障碍，为此，有效防止使用禁忌语的方法主要是使用委婉语代替禁忌词，并充分理解异国的文化背景。希望本论文的研究能帮助英语学习者加深英汉两种语言和文化的理解，进步跨文化交际才能，防止交际失败，到达理想的交际效果。【关键词】语言禁忌;演变;相似点;不同点1.Intrdutin“Itisanifestedinlanguage:persns,thingsandativitiesthataretabshuldntbetalkedabutrshuldbeent

3、inedinarundabutayinlanguage.rdsandexpressinsrelatedtthesesialtabsarelinguistitabs.1TheabvedefinitinshsthatLinguistitab,asanintegralpartflanguage,isntnlyalinguistiphenennbutalsasialphenenn.Liketherpartsflanguage,theriginflinguistitabisdeeplyrtedinthepriitivesialandulturalbakgrundanditshangeisgreatlyi

4、nfluenedbythedevelpentfhuansietyinrdertsatisfyhuanbeingsneedsfrsthuniatins.iththeadvaneentfsieneandtehnlgy,anypuzzlesabuttheuniverseareslved,andiththeinreasefaterialealth,huandeandsfrspiritualivilizatinarealsbeinghigher.Evidently,linguistitabsarearefletinfthesesialdevelpentandthevalueneptsandbeliefs

5、ftheultureinhihtheyarebrn.Itexistsineveryaspetfpepleslife.,“tapuand“kapusaredand“nserated,andnthether,“unanny,“dangerusand“unleanrerlessanrefletthestratifiedusagefrdshihhavethesaeeaninginthisperid.5Inhina,duringthefeudalties,enusuallyplayadinantrleinfaily.eanseeitfrthehineseexpressins“三从四德,“三纲五常et.I

6、nrdertstrengthentheirpsitinandtpreventtheirsubjetsfrvilatingthe,theryalsandkingsputfrarddifferentkindsfprhibitinsandbans.Frinstane,tshtheirauthrityandajesty,thenaeftheeperrandhisanestrsshuldntbeentined.Atthesaetie,peplealaysavidedspeakinguttheirparentsnaesreventheharatersintheirparentsnaes.Theldsayi

7、ng“古人闻父名而泣fr“garbagelletrisagdexaplefrthis.sundsthesaeas“丧urningand“柳illsundsthesaeas“绺.Theyayindiatethatthereillbeafuneralandsethingillbestlen.6Gablersntsay“书(bk),beausethehinese“shu/书(bk)sundthesaeith“shu/输(defeat).hinesepepleillntpresentalkasagiftineddingsrthererenies,beause“lkprnunes“zhng(钟),hih

8、hasthesaeprnuniatinas“zhng/终(end)r“hen/沉(sink)andanytherrdsithsiilarsunds.Seevenhangetheirsurnae“hen/陈hihsundsthesaeas“hen/沉.ItissaidthatthehpstikspepleintheEastusehenhavingealsereriginallyalled“zhu/箸inanienthina.Sineithadthesaesundas“zhu/住stp,itasreplaedlaterby“kuaizi/筷子sine“kuai/筷sundslike“kuai/快q

9、uik.Inesternuntries,therearealsanysuhkindsfexaples.henardsundsthesaeasatabrd,itneedshangingintantherexpressin.Frinstane,“inearlier18thentury,thefealeinEnglishandAerianuntriesalaystriedtavidusingtherdarse(thebttpartfthebdynesitsn),hihasnsideredinelegant.Speplealledtheanialassasdnkey.7Anthertypialexap

10、leisthat“fuk(asail),“fekr“fak(fat)areseldusedrevengutfuse,beausetheyprnunethesaeas“fuk.“Neaanadeanlusinthatthereasnhyserdsdisappearedererelatedtthefatthattheirprnuniatinarethesaeassetabrds.83.2Invabulary“Rughlyspeaking,tabrdsinEnglishfallintthreetypes,naelybsenities,prfanitiesandvulgaritiesInAeria,t

11、heSexualRevlutinin1960sand70sadepeplerepentardsex,butnrdssuhas“akinglveand“havingsexr“不正当关系tshtheiralrelatinshipbeteenaanandaan.Aseallkn,pregnanyisanralphysilgialphenenn,butindailylife,peplentsayitdiretly,asitisrelatedtsex.Ifseneispregnant,Englishpepleillsay,“sheisexpetingababyr“sheisinafailyay.Siil

12、areupheissanbefundinhinese“有喜了,“行动不便了.10Therdssuhas“Gd,“Jesus,“danand“hell“Jeepersreepers,“dashand“hek.Sepeplealsavidreferringtthedevil,hihisnsidereddisrespetful.Stheyuse“thedeue,“thedikens,“ldNiktsubstitute“thedevil.eanfindsiilarexaplesinhinese.Inreligin,pepleuseseplientaryaddresstrefertaesegds,e.g

13、.“大帝,“大圣,“佛陀(Buddha).Antherexapleisthat,tigerisregardedasthedivineanialnearthehangbaiuntainsituatedintheNrtheastfuruntry.Therefre,thereastheustf“tigeristhegdinanientties.Pepleavidedallingthe“tigerdiretlyandgavethetigeranthernae,“山君r“山佛爷11Searrdsfredbyeplyingseftheanialsnaesarevulgaritiest.Theyarever

14、yiprperexpressinsinstnversatins,espeiallyhentherearealeandfealeatthesaetie,suhas“bith,“,“sine,“piget.“TheBritishParliaenthasnepublishedardlist.Therdsnthelistareabusiveandereunparliaentaryexpressins,suhasad,heeky,liar,prevariating,fasistet.12Ingeneralsituatin,evenindailyuniatins,thesevulgarrdsarensid

15、eredtabrds.Inhinese,therearealsanysiilarsayings,suhas“小兔崽子,“羊巴羔子,“狗娘养的,“小王八InbthEnglishandhinese,deathisvieedas“departing.InEnglish,eanfindanyeupheissfrdeath,suhas“g,“depart,“departfrthisrld,“gtabetterrld,“gtheaysfallflesh,“passaayet.Inhinese,ealsanfindsiilareupheiss:“去了,“分开了我们,“辞世,“去见马克思了,“归西,“升天,“

16、上路et.InbthEnglishandhinese,deathisparedt“sleeping,“sleepinEnglishrrespndt“正寝，“长眠，r“永眠insteadf“veneraldisease;use“big,“lngdisease,rterinalillnesstreplae“aner.Abbreviatinsareftenusedtalleviatetheshkingeffet.Frinstane,SARSisusedtsubstitutetheterriblenae“SevereAuteRespiratrySyndres.Inhinese,henetalktapa

17、tient,eaysay“你今天不舒适，别上班了.Here,euse“不舒适insteadf“脖.Asasldier,eaysay“挂彩了insteadf“伤.entalillnessesarethughtnttbeentineddiretly.Frexaple,henreferringtaentalillness,ejustsay“alittleeentrir“alittlenfused.Eitherinhineserestern,peplehavesypathyfrnesphysialdisability.Ifsenelksugly,eillsayshe/helksplain/rdinar

18、yandentusetherd“fattdesribeaan.enlyuse“heavilysetr“ntheheavyside.Ifagirlisthin,entuseskinny.ejustsayslender,andhenerefertarippled,eillsay,“physiallyhandiapped.Inhinese,ifneisdeaf,eillsay“耳朵背,“耳朵有点不好,“说话得近点.InEnglish,itisalled“hardfhearing,“restr,“bathr,“frtstatin.Iftheyanttgtlavatry,theyillsay:“gtth

19、ebathr,“dtheirbusiness,“ansernaturesall.Inhinese,“厕所isalaysavidedinpubliasin,neaysay:“去一号r“去方便一下,“头发长见识短,“男子汉不和妇人一般见识,“长舌妇,et,refletthepejrativeattitudetarden.Andtherearealsanydergatrytitlesfren,suhas“贱人,“泼妇,“母老虎,“母夜叉,“娘儿们，“悍妇et.,rhiratherthan“sher“her.Apersnhpresidesaeetingisthe“hairan,evenifsheisa

20、an.Thereareanytherexaplesabutit.“eans“(a)anhhasanyhildren,“uttneans“(a)disslutean,“heneans“(a)anhlikesgssip,“ateans“(a)aliiusan,“rneeans“(an)uglyitheredldan14Frexaple,theyhangetherd“hairanint“hairpersn,“gentleanint“gentlepersn.henreferringthuanbeings,peplebegintuse“huankindr“thehuanraeinsteadf“anr“a

21、nkind.“Raisisthebeliefthatertainhuanraesareinherentlyinferirtthersandraistlanguageisthathihshsabiasedattitudetardsertainraialrethigrups.15InEnglish,natterintentinallyrnt,thefllingrdsareagainstblakpepleandannyingtheunsatisfied.Frexaple,“hiteeans“pure,“lean,“benevlent,hihhavepsitiveeaning.hile“blakisr

22、elatedt“evil,“rngding,and“dirtysuhas“blakguard,“blaklist,“blakarket.Besides,“niggerand“by,frablakadultan,ftenhaveffensiveeaning.Inhinese,thereisalsraistlanguage.Frexaple,“using“蒙古大夫franinpetentdtrs;using“小鬼子frJapanese.“洋鬼子,“大鼻子fresterners.17hinesepepleftenliketgreetttherslike“Haveyuhadaeal?Thisngree

23、tingindiatesebeginurnversatinithuraquaintane,justasfreignersask“Hnietheeather!Butthehinesegreetingillakethefreignerssuspetthatyuanttinvitehitjinthedinner.Setieshenegettgetherandtalknaturallyabutthesequestins:“Habutyursalary?“Areyuarried?,“hatdyurife/husbandd?,“Huhisyurskirt?Inthisay,eexpressurarefru

24、rfriends.Generallyspeaking,eneverfeelebarrassedabutthesenversatins,butheneasktheesternersthesaequestins,theyillthinkeayinvlveintheirprivay.Annyingly,inesternuntries,itisalsiprpertaskabuttherpeplesreligiusbeliefs.“Areyureligius?“hatisyurreligin?“Areyuathli?etarequestinsthatightbeffensivetstEnglishspe

25、akers.Pepledntlike,espeiallyfeale,therstaskthe“Hldareyu?,beausetheyareverysensitivettheirage.“Evennabirthdayallneayfindthefllingngratulatin:Yuayntliketbereindedthatyuareayearldertday,butthatuldntkeepefrsayinghappybirthday!.18Butinntrast,thereasnsuhneptfprivayinhinesepeplesind.4.2InnubersInhina,thenu

26、ber“4andtherd“死(death)alstsundthesae.Pepledntlikethenuber“4,beauseitreindsthef“death.Angldpeple,theythink“73and“84.19Antherstrikingntrastisthathinesepeplelikeevennubers.Frexaple,theysay“好事成双，“成双成对。hinesepepleespeiallyliketheevennuber“6and“8.Thesaying“六六大顺anprveit.Butinesternuntries,theylikeddnubers.

27、“TheRanpetVirgilsays,Thegddelightsinanddnuber.InShakespearesplayerryivesfindsr,Falstaffsays,GdlukliesinddnubersTheysay,thereisdivinityinddnubers,eitherinnativity,hanerdeath.henritingtheHistrialRerds，(SiaQianhanged“赵谈int“赵同and“李谈int“李同21)Asaresult,eanntfindsuhahineseharater“谈intheHistrialRerds.22ButintheEnglishulture,therearensuhnaetabs.Theyungergeneratinanrefertheeldergeneratinsnaediretly.Itshsthattheyareequal,friendlyandintiate.IntheUnitedStates,anyblakpeplebearthenae“LinlnButtheriinalhiselfrhisrelativesilltellthers:“Sebdyissenttthebighuse.“Atfi