医学专业英语资料：检验专业英语

1、Writing and Reading/Translating Scientific Research Papers Published in Peer Reviewed Journals in Laboratory Medicine顾海华, PhDProfessor of Biology and Laboratory MedicineCellphone:nternational Journals in Laboratory Medicine List: Translational Research Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory

2、Medicine Clinical Chemistry 2. Written in English3. Peer reviewedHave SCI (scientific citation index) number that reflects how the published paper is perceived by the people working in the field Format of a paper or manuscript published in SCI Journal 1. Title （题目）2. Abstract or Summary （摘要）4. Metho

3、ds or Experimental Procedures （方法，实验步骤）5. Results （结果）: include descriptions of the data in text and figures with figure legend6. Discussion （讨论）7. Reference （参考文献）3. Introduction （介绍、引言）Format of a paper or manuscript published in SCI Journal Title: * Short and concise to the point * Usually summar

4、ize the main conclusion of the study * Easier to grab peoples attention 与转移相关的微小RNA 在有长期随访的早期乳腺癌病人中 的预后意义Format of a paper or manuscript published in SCI Journal 2. Abstract/Summary (mini version of the paper) * Usually has word limit (250-400) and consist the following parts: 1) Background and sign

5、ificance 2) Specific question to be addressed 3) Brief method and experimental approach 4) Brief description of the result 5) Conclusion/implicationAbstract (241)Format of a paper or manuscript published in SCI Journal Introduction 1) Background: The scope, field, and subject of your study Significa

6、nce of the study Brief summary of what has been done in your field or subject of your 2) What is still unknown and not understood 3) Hypothesis and specific question to addressed 4) A brief summary of the major finding of the study Format of a paper or manuscript published in SCI Journal 4.Materials

7、 and Methods or Experimental Procedures Detailed description of the material, reagents and methods used in the study This should allow other people or investigators to repeat the study.Materials and Methods 1. CLINICAL SAMPLES2. ISOLATION OF TOTAL RNA FROM FFPE TISSUES3. QUANTIFICATION OF miRNA EXPR

8、ESSION BY REVERSETRANSCRIPTION QUANTITATIVE PCR4. IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY5. STATISTICAL ANALYSISFormat of a paper or manuscript published in SCI Journal 5. Results 1) List and describe analyzed data from the study 2) Apply statistical analysis of the data when needed 3) Text and figures with figure leg

9、ends Format of a paper or manuscript published in SCI Journal 6. Discussion 1) A brief summary of the major findings 2) Describe how your finding extend work done by other people in the field or confirming other peoples work by different methods 3) Potential application of your major findings 4) Des

10、cribe new area of research to be done from your study in the futureFormat of a paper or manuscript published in SCI Journal 7. Reference List of all of the published papers from which data are cited in the manuscript. Format of a paper or manuscript published in SCI Journal 7. Reference Different jo

11、urnals have different reference styleIn numbers in the order of appearance Last name in alphabetical order The first sentence is usually the topic sentence that briefly describes what is going to be discussed in the paragraphSupporting sentences: Writing a ParagraphExampleThe discovery of miRNAs has

12、 opened new avenues for breast cancer metastasis research. The deregulation of miRNA in breast cancer was first reported in 2005 by Iorio and colleagues (2 ). This group first identified a global pattern of miRNA deregulation in breast cancer tissue compared with normal breast tissue, hinting at the

13、 importance of miRNA deregulation in the development of breast cancer. Since then, there have been many studies on the expression of various miRNAs and their roles in breast cancer. Increasing data support the value of miRNA expression profiling (3 ) in distinguishing one cancer subtype from another

14、 (4 ), such as luminal vs basal breast cancer (5 ). Moreover, many recent studies on breast cancer have clearly demonstrated that miRNAs can play an important role in the multistep process of metastasis, functioning as both activators and suppressors of metastasis by critically regulating various st

15、ages of migration and invasion (6 14 ).Most of the time, use passive voice is used to describe the experiments to be done or done. Example: To test this hypothesis, miRNAs were isolated from paraffin-embedded tissue sections from breast cancer patients and quantified by real-time PCR.2. The active v

16、oice is commonly used in the case of summarizing the experimental data and result : We found or discovered that drug X can be used to treat triple negative breast cancer.Passive voice is used commonlyIf the data is definitive, “ indicate or reveal “ should be used. For example, this data indicate th

17、at Protein X is a nuclear protein.2. If the data is not definitive, “ suggest or imply” should be used. For example, this data suggest that Protein X may play a role in metastasis of breast cancer.Making conclusion from data obtained from experimentsAvoid using long sentence or multiple sentences in

18、 the same sentencePresent and past tense usage in scientific papersPresent tense is usually used in the Abstract/Summary, Introduction, Discussion sections, describing accepted concepts and knowledge, summary of data from experimentsPast tense is usually used in the Result and Material/Method sectio

19、ns, describing specific experiments did before, and wrong/outdated conceptsAbstract (241)1. Get into a habit of reading papers and manuscripts published in Journals (SCI) and Books2. Try to understand the meaning of the first sentencein each paragraph.3. Understand and grasp the meaning of a paragra

20、ph.Do not focus on the meaning of each word in a sentence. 4. Increase vocabularyHow to become good at reading scientific paperReading/TranslationReading/Translation ExampleThe discovery of miRNAs has opened new avenues for breast cancer metastasis research. 2. The deregulation of miRNA in breast ca

21、ncer was first reported in 2005 byIorio and colleagues (2). 3. This group first identified a global pattern of miRNA deregulation in breast cancer tissue compared with normal breast tissue, hinting at the importance of miRNA deregulation in the development of breast cancer. 微小RNA的发现为乳腺癌转移的研究开拓了新的途径（领域）。乳腺癌中微小RNA的调控失控最早是由Iorio和他同事在2005年报道的。这个研究小组首先发现， 与正常乳腺组织相比，乳腺癌组织里有一个微小RNA调控失常的整体模式。这个结果暗示微小RNA的调控失常在乳腺癌发展过程中的重要性。 4. Since then, there ha