2021届高考英语一轮复习考点21主语从句表语从句和同位语从句考点归纳

1、2021届高考英语一轮复习考点21主语从句表语从句和同位语从句考点归纳2021届高考英语一轮复习考点21主语从句表语从句和同位语从句考点归纳2021届高考英语一轮复习考点21主语从句表语从句和同位语从句考点归纳考点20 主语、表语和同位语从句高考频度：考向二 主语从句 1。主语从句在复合句中充当主语,大多数主语从句都可以用it作形式主语而把主语从句置于句尾。2.that引导主语从句时可用it作形式主语，that不可省；what引导的主语从句表示的东西时,一般不用it作形式主语；whatever，whoever,whichever一般也不用it作形式主语。That she will succee

2、d is certain.常见的it替代that引导的主语从句的句式主要有以下几种:(1)It系动词形容词（necessary，right，likely，unlikely，wrong，important，certain,clear，obvious，strange,normal等）that从句It is certain that most of the farmers have brought in more money by all means。(2)Itbe名词（短语)(a pity，a shame，good news,a fact，an honour，a wonder，no wonder等

3、）that从句Its no wonder that youve achieved so much success。(3）Itbe过去分词（said，told，heard，reported,decided,suggested,advised,ordered，remembered,thought，considered，wellknown，announced等)that从句It is said that the professor has already succeeded in carrying out the experiment。(4）It特殊动词(seem，appear，happen，mat

4、ter)that从句It happened to me that I had been away when he called.It is certain that she will succeed.注意:(1）在It is necessary/important/strange/natural.。.that从句结构中，从句谓语常用(should)动词原形形式。【拓展延伸】主语从句的引导词引导词作用引导词作用that无词义,在从句中不充当成分,但不能省略how多么，怎样，作方式状语或程度状语who谁,作主语、宾语when何时,作时间状语whom谁，作宾语where在哪儿，作地点状语what什么

5、,可作主语、宾语、表语、定语why为什么，作原因状语which哪一个，哪些，作主语、宾语、定语whether是否【特别注意】当作主语的句子太长时，为保持句子平衡，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语置后。if是否，不可直接引导主语从句(用it作形式主语时可以） .3. 主语从句的特殊用法（1）主语从句与定语从句的转换What is needed has been bought. All that is needed has been bought。 所有需要的都被买了。（2)几个特殊句型之间的转换It is known to all that China has joined the WTO.A

6、s is known to all, China has joined the WTO.What is known to all is that China has joined the WTO.众所周知，中国已加入WTO。4。 从句作主语时，句子谓语动词的单复数问题(1）从句作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数.That they are not going to the cinema is a big surprise to us。他们不去看电影，这使我们感到很惊讶。（2）what引导的从向作主语，谓语动词一般用单数；若从句谓语或从句后的表语是复数形式，则谓语动词常用复数。What she sai

7、d is wrong。她所说的是错误的。What we need are books。我们所需要的是书籍。1.(2018天津卷单项填空)The gold medal will be awarded _to wins the first place in the bicycle race.A。 whomever B。 whereverC。 whoever D。 whatever【参考答案】C【答案解析】考查名词性从句连接词.句意：无论谁获得自行车比赛第一名，金牌将授予他。分析句子可知，宾语从句中缺少主语，故用whoever,表示“任何人，无论谁。故选C。2.（2017北京卷单项填空） Every

8、 year, _ makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.A。 whatever B。 whoever C. whomever D. whichever【参考答案】B【答案解析】考查主语从句.分析句子结构可知,_ makes the most beautiful kite作主语，且所填词指人,既作从句的主语又作主句的主语,所以选 whoever(whomever不能作主语).句意：每年， 在风筝节上风筝做得最漂亮的人都会赢得奖品。3。（2016江苏卷单项填空)It is often the case

9、 _ anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.A. whyB。 whatC。 asD。 that【参考答案】D【答案解析】考查主语从句。本句中it是形式主语,真正的主语是连接词that引导的主语从句，连接词that在本句中不充当任何成分，只是一个引导词而已，不能省略。连接副词why要在句中作状语，连接代词what通常在句中作主语、宾语或表语等;as通常不引导名词性从句.句意:对于那些心存希望的人一切皆可能是事实.故D正确。考向四表语从句引导表语从句的连接词主要有:连接词：that，whether连接代词:who，whom，whose

10、，which,what，whoever whomever，whichever,whatever连接副词:when，where，how，why 1。 连接词引导The reason for his absence is that he hasnt been informed. 他缺席的原因就是他没接到通知。The question remains whether they will be able to help us. 问题还是他们能否帮我们。2. 连接代词和连接副词引导The problem is who will take charge of this shop。 问题是谁将接管这家店铺.

11、That is when I realized the importance of journalism。 那时我才意识到新闻工作的重要性。注意：(1)as/as if/as though引导的表语从句常跟在特定动词后面，如seem，appear，look，taste,sound，feel等。It sounds as if someone is knocking at the door. 听上去好像有人在敲门。At that time, it seemed as though I couldnt think of the right word. 当时我似乎怎么也想不出一个恰当的字眼来。(2）当

12、主句的主语是reason时，表语从句一般由that引导，这种用法常见于句型The reason why.。 is that.。 The reason why he came late was that he got up late. 他来得晚是因为起床晚了.2表语从句的三个易混句式句式用法例句This/That is why+结果意为”这那就是.。.。.to work there。 那就是的原因，why 引导表语从句。Thats why I want you to work there。我想要你在那儿工作的原因。This/That/It is because +原因意为”这/那是因为.。.。，

13、because引导表语从句.Its just because he |doesnt know her。 这这仅仅是因为他不认识她 .The reason why.。 is that.意为.。.的原因是”,why定语从句，修饰先行词reason, that引导表语从句。The reason why he didnt come was that it was raining heavily。他没有来的原因是 (当时)雨下得很大。1.（2018北京卷单项填空) Without his support， we wouldnt be _ we are now.A. how B。 when C. wher

14、e D。 why【参考答案】C【答案解析】考查名词性从句。句意：没有他的支持，我们是不会在现在这个位置的。how表方式，when表时间,where表地点,why表原因.“_ we are now”是表语从句，结合句子的意思可知，该处指我们所处的位置,故该从句应用where引导.C选项正确.2.（2016北京卷单项填空） The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is _ one can be entirely free from dust。A。 whatB。 thatC. whetherD. why【参考答案】 B【试题解析】 考查表语从句.句意：

15、雨季最令人愉悦的就是人们可以完全不再受到灰尘的困扰。is后跟从句作表语，即表语从句,表语从句不缺少主语、谓语和宾语，因此用that，that只起引导作用，故选B。考向五 同位语从句1。 同位语从句跟在名词后面,进一步解释、说明该名词的具体内容。同位语从句常跟在名词idea, fact, news， hope， thought, suggestion等抽象名词之后；2. 连接词that不能省略，无意义无成分； 3. 用whether而不用if引导同位语从句；4. 连接代词who（m）， which, what，whose在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语;5. 连接副词where， when, w

16、hy， how在从句作状语。6.分割式同位语从句:同位语从句有时被别的词或短语把它和名词隔开：(谓语较短，同位语从句较长）。The story goes that William Tell did kill the king with that sword.7。若被同位语从句说明的名词是：advice， suggestion, proposal(建议）, demand， request， requirement, order（命令）等表示建议、命令、要求的词时，同位语从句的谓语用（should）+do。8.区别由that 引导的定语从句和同位语从句：定语从句中的that是代词，可在从句中作主、

17、宾、表；同位语从句中的that是连词，无成分无意义；定语从句说明先行词的性质与特征,与先行词是修饰与被修饰的关系；同位语从句对名词即先行词加以补充说明,是名词全部内容的体现。在名词和从句之间加be, 使之构成一个新句子，如果合乎逻辑，句子通顺，则是同位语从句，定语从句是不能用系表结构把先行词与从句连接起来的。1.(2019新课标I卷语法填空）While they are rare north of 88，there is evidence _61_ they range all the way across the Arctic， and as far south as James Bay i

18、n Canada.【参考答案】that【答案解析】考查同位语从句.根据句子结构分析可知，主句为there be句型，且结构完整，空格后为同位语从句,解释说明中心词evidence的内容，故填that。2. （2019江苏T25） Scientists have obtained more evidence _ plastic is finding its way into the human body。A. whatB。 thatC。 whichD. where【答案】B【解析】考查同位语从句.句意：科学家已经获得更多证据，塑料正在进入人们的体内。从句不缺句子成分，且与evidence指代的是

19、同一事件，用that引导同位语从句。故选B。2. The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief _ you are better than anyone else on the sports field。how B. thatC。 whichD. whether【参考答案】B【答案解析】 句意：最高水平成功的唯一途径是得有一个总的信念，那就是在运动场上你比任何人都强。分析句子结构可知 you are better than anyone else on the sports field是同位语从句，对b

20、elief进行解释说明，从句不缺句子成分，故用连接词that引导，答案为B.3。News came from the school office _ Wang Lin had been admitted to Peking University。A。 which B。 that C. what D. where【参考答案】B【答案解析】考查同位语从句。本题属于分割式同位语从句，谓语came较短，同位语从句较长,名词和同位语从句被from the school office 分开,that 引导同位语从句Wang Lin had been admitted to Beijing Universi

21、ty解释news的内容，在句中起引导作用，没有具体的意思.故选B。题组一 基础过关I单句语法填空1_ she was invited to the ball made her very happy.2Children should be reminded of _ they should do in public places。3Dick enjoys painting but he knows the fact _ he doesnt have what it takes to be a professional.4Success partially depends on _ you hav

22、e the patience to do simple things perfectly。5I lost my cell phone yesterday. Can you tell me _ I can buy one?6It never occurred to me _ you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind.7_ breaks the law will be punished。8She will give _ needs help a warm support.9I have no idea _ the girl is

23、doing in her room now.10_ is well known to everyone， I should say， is that a man becomes learned by asking questions。 11Exactly _ the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain， but it was probably around 1565.12It shocked the world _ the United States withdrew from some major agreements it had

24、been committed to, including the 2015 Paris Agreement on climate change and the 2015 Iran Nuclear Deal.13I need help now！ I have to fix a leaking pipe in my bathroom but Im not sure _ I should begin.14Forty grams of meat per day is _ people should consume in order to stay fit。15The famous player tri

25、ed again and again after each failure。 Thats _ he succeeded at last.16The retired engineer is showing _ the wheelchair climbs stairs, which all the curious visitors want to know. 17It hasnt been made clear _ the new underground line is to be open to traffic。18The problem is _ sometimes when we are g

26、iven something on a constant basis， we start to take it for granted and forget to be thankful for what we already have.19Ten percent of life is _ happens to you and ninety percent is _ you respond to it。20After a days exhausting climb we arrived at _ we had been told was Garden in the Air。21Sometime

27、s， _ we show our gratitude to a person is reflected in the kind of food we serve him or her.22It remains to be seen _ this plan is practical enough to keep the project going.23Some summer camps can provide you with as many as ten courses， and you are required to choose _ suits you best。 24It is repo

28、rted that a huge percentage of bird species are in danger. Its _ their habitats or homelands are disappearing. 25I just wonder _ it is that all the villagers think highly of him. 26If you leave this application form and go to another website， you will lose _ you have already filled out on this form.

29、27_ theyve managed to get everything finished so quickly is not clear to us.28A proposal was put forward at the meeting _ the new cement plant shouldnt be built near the school。29The most exciting moment was _ I was given the first prize。30They are discussing the problem _ they should stop investing

30、 money in that project。 II单句改错1The fact when he had not said anything surprised me.2That the fat boy needs is much more practice。3That we can arrive there on time depends on the weather。4The reason why she doesnt like me is I make her angry。5I have been worrying about if I have hurt Marys feelings。6

31、That surprised us most was that Tom should have left without a word。7Its no longer a question now whether man can land on the moon。8The real reason why I dont have a hobby is because I dont have time.9The news they had won the game soon spread over the whole country。 10The organizers promise who win

32、s the first prize a chance to go abroad. 11Mary is a humorous and warm。hearted woman and that is because she is a most popular person in her community。12The question is if they will be able to help us.13In the office an electrical engineer is looking through the instructions to know whether the heat

33、 system works.14I know nothing about him except he is from the south. 15He says the book is very interesting, and all the children love to read it. 题组二 能力提升1. 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词或括号内单词的正确形式.One Saturday afternoon，my mother was driving home. On the halfway，after pulling out her credit card to buy

34、 something at the store near the gas station，she put her wallet on _1_ top of her car just for a moment _2_（answer) my phone call. And then obviously，she forgot and drove off. When arriving home，she realized that and thought the chance _3_getting it again was small.She was so joyfully surprised when

35、 she found a note _4_（stick）on her door from a person who said he and his friend found her wallet a few hours earlier. Patrick and Catherine saw the wallet in the middle of the road a few blocks from the gas station。 They stopped their car to pick it up. It was filled with all the things one_5_（natu

36、ral)kept in a wallet，some bills and some cash included. However，no phone number，regardless of this，they_6_(manage)to get an address from my mothers driving licence，and without hesitation，they decided to drive to our home to return it。When my mother went to get her wallet，she was so _7_(relief） and g

37、rateful. She intended to give them some money as an _8_(express) of gratitude,but they refused，saying that they were just glad to offer my mother help。They were honest，and they had firm faith in the Golden Rule as well. They drove to our home because they realized the unpleasant and upset experience

38、_9_the loss of a wallet and all its contents could cause. I think they were really_10_（consider) and helpful.2. 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词或括号内单词的正确形式。A motorcycle, also_1_ （call)a motorbike， bike， or cycle, is a twoor three-wheeled motor vehicle。 Motorcycle design varies greatly_2_(suit）a range of diff

39、erent purposes: long distance travel， commuting， cruising, and sports including racing and offroad riding。 Motorcycling is about riding a motorcycle and some related _3_（society）activities such as joining a motorcycle club and _4_(attend）motorcycle rallies(拉力赛车）In 1894, Hildebrand&。 Wolfmuller becam

40、e the first series production motorcycle， and the first tobe called a motorcycle. In 2012, the three top motorcycle producers globally by volume_5_(be) Honda from Japan， Bajaj Auto and Hero MotoCorp，_6_were from India.The motorcycle is a kind of luxury goods in the developed world， where they are us

41、ed mostly for leisure, as a lifestyle accessory or a symbol of personal identity。 In developing countries， motorcycles are _7_ (extreme)practical due to lower prices and greater fuel economy。 _8_all the motorcycles in the world， 58%are in the Asia Pacific and Southern and Eastern Asia _9_ (region）,

42、except car-centric Japan.However, there is data that people should pay attention to。 According to the United States Department of Transportation， _10_number of deaths caused by motorcycles was 37 times larger than cars.3。 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Louis Cha (Chinese： Cha Leung Yung； 10 Marc

43、h 1924 - 30 October 2018）， better known by his pen name Jin Yong, was a Chinese wuxia novelist and essayist, _1_ co-founded the Hong Kong daily newspaper Ming Bao in 1959 and served as _2_ first editor-in-chief. He _3_ （be) Hong Kongs most famous writer.His wuxia novels have a widespread following i

44、n Chinese communities worldwide. His 15 works _4_ （write) between 1955 and 1972 earned him a reputation as one of the greatest and most popular wuxia writers ever. By the time of his death he was the best-selling Chinese author, and over 100 million _5_ （copy） of his works have been sold worldwide。

45、According to The Oxford Guide to Contemporary World Literature， Jin Yongs Novels are _6_ (high） evaluated and are able to appeal to both highbrow and lowbrow tastes. His works have the unusual ability _7_ (go) beyond geographical and ideological barriers separating Chinese communities of the world，

46、achieving _8_ (great） success than any other contemporary writer.His works _9_ （translate） into many languages including English, French， Korean, Japanese, Vietnamese， Thai， Burmese, Malay and Indonesian。 There are many fans outside of Chinesespeaking areas, as a result of the numerous adaptations o

47、f his works into films， television series, comics and video games。The asteroid （小行星) 10930 Jinyong （1998 CR2) is named _10_ him。Jin Yong is named along with Gu Long and Liang Yusheng as the “Three Legs of the Tripod of Wuxia。题组三 体验真题1.（2019新课标I卷语法填空)While they are rare north of 88，there is evidence

48、_61_ they range all the way across the Arctic， and as far south as James Bay in Canada。2。 （2019江苏T25） Scientists have obtained more evidence _ plastic is finding its way into the human body.A。 whatB。 thatC。 whichD。 where3。（2018天津卷单项填空)The gold medal will be awarded _to wins the first place in the bi

49、cycle race.A. whomever B. whereverC。 whoever D。 whatever4。（2018北京卷单项填空) Without his support， we wouldnt be _ we are now。A. how B. when C。 where D. why5.（2017北京卷单项填空) Every year， _ makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival。A. whatever B。 whoever C。 whomever D。 whichever题组一 基

50、础过关I单句语法填空1. 答案：That空格处引导主语从句。从句中不缺少成分，并且句意完整，因此用that引导该主语从句。2答案：what句意：应该提醒孩子们在公共场所应该做些什么。所填词引导宾语从句且在从句中作do的宾语，意为“的事情”,故用what.3答案：that句意：迪克喜欢画画，但他知道自己没有成为一名专业画家所需要的(素质)。that引导同位语从句，说明fact的具体内容.4答案：whether根据句子结构可知,设空处引导宾语从句；根据句意可判断,设空处意为“是否，其前有介词on,故填 whether。5答案：wherewhere引导宾语从句,且在从句中作地点状语.6答案：that

51、it为形式主语，真正的主语为后面的从句,从句中不缺少成分，且句意完整,因此用that。7答案:Whoever句意：无论谁违法都将受到惩罚。主语从句中缺少主语,指人，并且表泛指,故用whoever。8答案:whoever句意:凡是需要帮助的人，她都会给予热情的支持.由句意可知，应填whoever，在宾语从句中充当主语。9答案：what句意：我不知道那个女孩现在在房间里干什么.由句意可知,应填what,在同位语从句中作宾语，且意为“的事情。10 答案：What分析句子成分可知，主语从句中缺少主语，且指事物，因此用what。11答案：when句意：土豆被引入欧洲的确切时间不能确定，但很可能是1565

52、年左右。分析句子结构可知，设空处为主语从句的引导词，从around 1565判断，这里指时间，故填when.12答案：that句意:令世界震惊的是，美国退出了它所承诺的一些主要协议，包括2015年巴黎气候变化协定和2015年伊朗核协议。此处it是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句。13答案：where句意：我现在需要帮助!我不得不修理洗手间里一个正在漏水的管子，但是我不确定我应该从何处着手。此处引导宾语从句，表示“在哪里”,故填where。14答案:what句意：为了保持健康,人们每天应该消耗40克肉。“_ people should consume”是表语从句，该从句中，consu

53、me缺少宾语，且表示“所的东西”，故要用what引导该从句。15答案：why句意：每次失败后,这位著名的球员一次又一次地尝试。那就是为什么他最终成功了（的原因)。设空处后引导一个表语从句，用why引导从句，表示结果，故填why.16 答案：how句意：这位退休的工程师正在展示轮椅如何爬楼梯，这是所有有好奇心的游客想知道的。由句意可知填how，意为“怎么，如何。这是how引导的宾语从句。17答案：when句意：新的地铁线路何时开放还不清楚。由句意可知填when.这是when引导的主语从句，it是形式主语。18答案：that句意：问题是，有时候当我们不断地被给予某些东西时,我们就认为这是理所当然的

54、，从而忘记了要对我们已经拥有的东西应该心存感恩.设空处后引导表语从句，由于从句中成分完整，因此应用that来引导,that在从句中只起连接作用，不作任何成分.19答案：what； how句意：生活的百分之十是事件本身，另有百分之九十在于你如何回应它。分析句子结构可知,第一空引导表语从句，从句中缺少主语，意为“什么事”，因此应用what来引导；第二空也引导表语从句，从句中成分齐全，因此应用how，表方式.20答案：what句意:经过一天筋疲力尽的攀爬,我们终于到了那个被称为“空中花园”的地方。分析句子结构可知,at为介词,后面是一个宾语从句,“we had been told”为插入语，宾语从句

55、中缺主语，且在句中意为“的事物(东西）”，故用what。21答案:how句意：有时我们如何表达对一个人的感激之情会体现在招待他或她的食物种类上。此处用how,表方式，引导主语从句。22答案:whether句意:这个计划是否足够可行来让这个工程继续下去，还有待于进一步观察。whether引导主语从句，it是形式主语.23 答案：whichever句意：一些夏令营可以提供多达10门课程，你可以从中选择最适合自己的课程。choose后面是宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，且前句提到范围即“as many as ten courses，故此处表示你最喜欢的任何一门，故填whichever。24 答案：beca

56、use句意：据报道大部分鸟类正面临危险。这是因为它们的栖息地或家园正在消失。空格处引导表语从句。根据句意可知前后两句表示因果关系，故使用because。25 答案：why句意：我就是想知道为什么所有的村民对他的评价这么高。wonder后面用why引导宾语从句。26答案:whatever句意:如果你留下这个申请表不填，而去另一个网站，你将会丢失你在这个表格中已填好的任何东西。设空处引导宾语从句,且在从句中作宾语，意为“任何”,故填whatever。27答案:How句意：他们是怎样如此快速地把一切做完的我们还不清楚.主语从句中不缺少主语、宾语或定语，且由“managed to get everyt

57、hing finished”可知,空格处表示方式,因此填How。28答案：that句意：一个建议在会上被提出来，新水泥厂不应该建在学校附近.设空处引导同位语从句，用以解释说明名词proposal.29答案：when句意：我最兴奋的时刻是我获得第一名的时候。根据句中的“exciting moment”可知,此处用when引导的表语从句.30They are discussing the problem _ they should stop investing money in that project. II单句改错1答案：whenthat本句中含有同位语从句,解释说明fact的内容，从句中不缺

58、少成分，并且句意完整，故引导词用that。2答案：ThatWhatis前面的句子是一个主语从句，从句中缺少needs的宾语，且意为“的事物（东西）”，因此应用what。3答案：ThatWhether句意：我们是否能准时到达那里取决于天气.whether引导的主语从句可置于句首，本句中的主语从句缺少表示“是否”的连接词,故将That改为Whether。4答案：is后加thatis后是一个表语从句，从句中不缺少成分,并且句意完整,因此应用that。表语从句中that不能省略。“The reason why .。. is that 。是一固定句型,意为“的原因是”。5答案：ifwhether宾语从句

59、位于介词之后，表“是否时，只能用whether引导，不能用if。6答案：ThatWhat引导主语从句并且在从句中作主语，且意为“的事情”，应用What。7答案:whetherthat句意：现在，人类是否能登上月球已经不再是一个问题了。句中it作形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的从句，从句中不缺成分.8答案：becausethat句意:我没有爱好的真正的原因是我没时间。表语从句中不缺少成分，并且句意完整,因此应用that.The reason why 。. is that .。. “的原因是”.9 答案：news后加that句意：他们赢得比赛的消息很快就传遍了全国.that引导同位语从句，解释

60、前面的news 的内容，that不能省略。10 答案：whowhoever句意：组织者承诺无论谁获得一等奖都会有出国的机会。在题干中，promise后面跟的是一个宾语从句，who指具体的“谁，与题意不符;whoever是“无论谁”之意，相当于anyone who，可引导宾语从句，在从句中作主语,与题意相符。11答案:becausewhy句意：玛丽是一个很幽默而且很热心的女人，这就是她为什么会成为社区里非常受欢迎的人。that is后引导的从句作is的表语,表结果,故用why.12答案：ifwhether句意：问题是他们是否能帮我们。本句中包含表语从句，if不连接表语从句，故将if改为wheth