冠词-高中语法

1、PAGE PAGE 11冠 词一、a与one的对比1. 尽管a和one这两个在意义上有些相似，但它们几乎不能互换使用。2. 在连续记数时，习惯上，用one而不用a。3. 在名词前使用one往往表示数量上的对比。4. 用在某些固定词组中。e.g. all of a sudden（突然），as a matter of fact（事实上），in a hurry，in a word，do sb. a favour，pay a visit to，a hand of（少量的），a length of（一根、一段），a variety of（种种），a depth of（深度为），an article of

2、（一件），a total of（总共），an average of（平均），one by one，one after another，one day二、不定冠词的用法冠词是虚词，本身不能单独使用，也没有词义，它用在名词的前面，帮助指明名词的含义。英语中的冠词有三种，一种是定冠词（the Definite Article），另一种是不定冠词（the Indefinite Article），还有一种是零冠词（Zero Article）。不定冠词a (an)与数词one 同源，是一个的意思。1) 表示一个，意为one；指某人或某物，意为a certain。 A Mr. Ling is waiting

3、 for you.2) 代表一类人或物。 A knife is a tool for cutting with. Mr. Smith is an engineer.3) 词组或成语。 a little / a few / a lot / a type of / a pile / a great many / many a / as a rule / in a hurry / in a minute / in a word / in a short while / after a while / have a cold / have a try / keep an eye on / all of

4、 a sudden三、定冠词的用法 定冠词the与指示代词this，that同源，有那（这）个的意思，但较弱，可以和一个名词连用，来表示某个或某些特定的人或东西。1）特指双方都明白的人或物： Take the medicine.把药吃了。2）上文提到过的人或事： He bought a house. Ive been to the house. 他买了幢房子。我去过那幢房子。3）指世上独一无二的事物：the sun， the sky， the moon， the earth 4）单数名词连用表示一类事物，如：the dollar 美元;the fox 狐狸；或与形容词或分词连用，表示一类人：t

5、he rich 富人; the living 生者。5）用在序数词和形容词最高级，及形容词only， very， same等前面： Where do you live? I live on the second floor.你住在哪？我住在二层。 Thats the very thing Ive been looking for.那正是我要找的东西。6）与复数名词连用，指整个群体：They are the teachers of this school.指全体教师)They are teachers of this school.(指部分教师)7）表示所有，相当于物主代词，用在表示身体部位的名

6、词前：She caught me by the arm.她抓住了我的手臂。He hit me in the mouth(eye, stomach).他打了我的嘴（眼、肚子）拓展：“打在某人的.部位上”的英文表达的基本句式是： 1.如果是“硬、突出”的部位on。如： He hit Tom on the nose/the head. 2.如果是“软、空”的部位in。如： He hit Tom in the face（面部软）/the chest(胸腔空) 3.如果是“牵.”byHe led the cow by the nose. 8）用在某些由普通名词构成的国家名称、机关团体、阶级、等专有名词前

7、：the Peoples Republic of China中华人民共和国the United States美国9）用在表示西洋乐器的名词之前：She plays the piano/violin.她会弹钢琴/拉小提琴。注意：play erhu 拉二胡10) 用在姓氏的复数名词之前，表示一家人：the Greens格林一家人 (或格林夫妇)11) 用在惯用语中：in the day, in the morning (afternoon，evening), the day after tomorrowthe day before yesterday, the next morning,in th

8、e sky (water，field，country)in the dark, in the rain, in the distance,in the middle (of),in the end（=finally, eventually, at last）,on the whole, by the way, go to the theatre/cinema 三、零冠词的用法 1) 国名，人名前通常不用定冠词：England，Mary；2）泛指的复数名词，表示一类人或事物时，可不用定冠词；They are teachers. 他们是教师。3）抽象名词表示一般概念时，通常不加冠词；Failure

9、 is the mother of success.失败乃成功之母。4）物质名词表示一般概念时，通常不加冠词，当表示特定的意思时，需要加定冠词；Man cannot live without water.人离开水就无法生存。5）在季节、月份、节日、 假日、日期、星期等表示时间的名词之前，不加冠词；in spring, in May, on Christmas Day, in winter holiday, On July 1st, on Monday,We go to school from Monday to Friday.我们从星期一到星期五都上课。6）在称呼或表示官衔，职位的名词前不加冠

10、词；The guards took the American to General Lee. 士兵们把这个美国人送到李将军那里。We appointed him monitor of our class. (头衔、职位作同位语，不加冠词)7）在三餐、球类运动和娱乐运动的名称前，不加冠词 如：have breakfast，play chess， play football8）当两个或两个以上名词并用时，常省去冠词；I cant write without pen or pencil.没有钢笔和铅笔，我就写不了字。9）当by 与火车等交通工具连用，表示一种方式时，中间无冠词；by bus，by t

11、rain； 10）有些个体名词不用冠词；如：school，college，prison，market，hospital，bed，table，class，town，church，court 等个体名词，直接置于介词后，表示该名词的深层含义；go to hospital去医院看病go to the hospital去医院 (并不是去看病，而是有其他目的)go to school 去上学go to the school 去那个学校go to college 上大学go to the college 去那所大学in prison坐牢in the prison 在监狱里（可能是狱警等工作人员）go to

12、 market 试一试口语go to the market 去市场in hospital 生病住院in the hospital 在医院里（可能是医生、护士等）go to bed 上床睡觉go to the bed 去床边at table在桌边吃饭at the table 在桌边in class 在课堂上in the class 在班里go to town 大干一番go to the town 去城镇go to church 去做礼拜go to the church 去那个教堂in court 出庭in the court 在法院（可能是法院工作人员）11)不用冠词的序数词；A. 序数词前有物

13、主代词 B. 序数词作副词He came first in the race.C. 在固定词组中at (the) first, first of all, from first to last 冠词与形容词+名词结构 1) 两个形容词都有冠词，表示两个不同东西。 He raises a black and a white cat.他养了一只黑猫和一只白猫。The black and the white cats are hers.这只黑猫和白猫都是他的。2) 如后一个形容词无冠词，则指一物。He raises a black and white cat.他养了一只花猫。She is a sin

14、ger and dancer. 她既是歌唱家也是舞蹈家。 冠词位置 1) 不定冠词位置不定冠词常位于名词或名词修饰语前。注意：A. 位于下列形容词之后： such，what，many，half， I have never seen such an animal. Many a man is fit for the job.B. 当名词前的形容词被副词as, so, too, how, however, enough修饰时，不定冠词应放在形容词之后： It is as pleasant a day as I have ever spent. So short a time. Too long a

15、 distance.C. quite，rather与单数名词连用，冠词放在其后。如：quite/rather a lot 许多；quite/rather a few/bit 不止一点，相当多，quite/rather a time/while 很长一段时间； quite an effort 很大努力；quite/rather a handsome man但当rather，quite 前仍有形容词，不定冠词放其前后均可。 a rather/quite handsome manD. 在as，though 引导的让步状语从句中，当标语为形容词修饰的名词时，不定冠词放形容词后： Brave a man

16、 though he is，he trembles at the sight of snakes. 他尽管勇敢，可见到蛇还是发抖。 当名词被比较级形容词修饰时，不定冠词通常置于比较级形容词之后。More careful a man he is, he has achieved less than Tom.2) 定冠词位置定冠词通常位于名词或名词修饰语前，但放在all， both，double，half，twice，three times等词之后，名词之前。All the students in the class went out.班里的所有学生都出去了。特别注意下列词组中有定冠词与无定冠词的

17、区别：sit at table 吃饭sit at the table 坐在桌旁be in charge of 负责be in the charge of 由.负责；在.掌管下by day 在白天 = in the dayby the day 按日计算take place 发生take the place of 代替in possession of 拥有=possessin the possession of 为.所有in place of 代替in the place of 在.地方in front of 在.（外部的）前面in the front of 在.（内部的）前面be of age

18、成年be of an age 同龄 be of a different age 不同龄take advice 征求意见take the advice 听从劝告in office 在执政in the office 在办公室out of question 毫无疑问的（= beyond question= unquestionable=undoubted）out of the question 根本不可能的（=impossible）高考链接12011江西卷 Its said John will be in a job paying over $60,000 _ year.Right，he will

19、also get paid by _ week.Athe; theBa; the Cthe; aDa; a解析 B考查冠词的用法。句意：“据说约翰将要做的工作每年会有六万多美元的收入。”“对，他也将按周拿工资。”第一空指的是“每一”，故用a；第二空指“按周计算”，用the，是固定用法。22011课标全国卷 It is generally accepted that _boy must learn to stand up and fight like_man.Aa; aBa; the Cthe; theDa; /解析 A考查冠词的用法。第一空用a表示“一类人”，而第二空用a则表示“一个(男子汉)

20、”。32011山东卷 Take your timeits just_short distance from here to_restaurant.A/; the Ba; the Cthe; a D/; a解析 B考查冠词的用法。a short distance一段很短的距离。当distance有形容词修饰或与数字搭配表示具体的“一段的距离”时是可数名词，表示泛指，因此要用a；而后面提到的restaurant应是说话双方都知道的地点，表示特指，因此要用the。42011四川卷 Dr. Peter Spence, _headmaster of the school，told us，“_fifth

21、of pupils here go on to study at Oxford and Cambridge.”A/; A B/; The Cthe; The Da; A解析 A考查冠词的用法。第一空headmaster为表示头衔的名词，在此作Dr. Peter Spence的同位语，其前不用冠词；第二空a fifth表示“五分之一”，故用a。故答案选A。52011浙江卷 Experts think that _recently discovered painting may be _Picasso.Athe; / Ba; the Ca; / Dthe; a解析 D考查冠词的用法。第一空表示“那

22、幅最近发现的画”，表特指，用定冠词the；第二空则表示“一幅毕加索的画”，故用不定冠词a。冠词专题练习1. Jumping out of _ airplane at ten thousand feet is quite _ exciting experience. (2002全国高考题)A./; theB./; anC.an; anD.the; the2. Theres _ dictionary on _ desk by your side. (2003北京春季高考题)A.a; the B.a; a C.the; a D.the; the3. An accident happened at _

23、 crossroads a few meters away from _ bank. (2003上海春季高考题)A.a; a B./; a C./; the D.the; /4.The warmth of _ sweater will of course be determined by the sort of _ wool used.A.the; the B.the; / C./; the D./; /5.Mr.Li will give us _ talk._ talk will begin at 8:00.A.a; The B.the; A C./; / D.a; A6.The sun g

24、ives us _ heat and _ light.A.the; the B.a; a C.a; the D./; /7.What do you need in dinner?I need _.A. a knife and a fork B. a knife and forkC. the knife and fork D. the knife and the fork8._ Mrs.Smith is waiting for you in your office.A.TheB.AC.OneD./9.Shes on _ Peoples Daily.A.theB.anC.aD./10._ Eins

25、teins could not pay for _ advanced education that young Albert needed.A.The; theB.A; aC.An; theD.The; an11.She is _ newcomer to _ chemistry but she has already made some important discoveries.A.the; theB.the; aC.a; /D.a; the12.Where is Jack?I think he is still in _ bed，but he might be in _ bathroom.

26、A./; /B.the; theC.the; /D./; the13.I dont like talking on _ telephone; I prefer writing _ letters.A.a; theB.a; /C.the; theD.the; /14.Many people are still in _ habit of writing silly things in _ public places.A.the; theB./; /C.the; /D./; the15.If you dont like the red coat，take the blue one.OK，but d

27、o you have _ size in blue? This one is a bit tight for me.A.a bigB.a biggerC.the bigD.the bigger16.I heard somebody playing _ piano in _ next room.A.a; aB.the; theC.a; theD.the; an17._ Pacific Ocean is _ largest of all.A.the; aB./; theC.the; theD.a; /18.Great changes have taken place in _ 1990s.A./B

28、.aC.theD.an19.Wouldnt it be _ wonderful world if all nations lived in _ peace with one another?A.a; /B.the; /C.a; theD.the; the20.Alexander Graham Bell invented _ telephone in 1876.A./B.aC.theD.one21.In 1864，Lincoln was elected _ President of _ United States for the second time.A.the; theB.a; aC./;

29、theD./; /22.John is _ university student.A./B.anyC.aD.an23.The table is made of _.A.a woodB.some woodC.the woodD.wood24.We are going to learn _ next week.A.Twelfth LessonB.The Twelfth Lesson C.Twelve LessonD.The Twelve Lesson25.Id like _ information about the management of your hotel，please.Well，you

30、 could have _ word with the manager. He might be helpful.A.some; aB.an; someC.some; some D.an; a26.Paper money was in _ use in China when Marco Polo visited the country in _ thirteenth century.A.the; /B.the; theC./; theD./; /27.Most animals have little connection with _ animals of _ different kind u

31、nless they kill them for food.A.the; aB./; aC.the; theD./; the28.Alice is fond of playing _ piano while Henry is interested in listening to _ music.A./; theB./; /C.the; /D.the; the29.Oh，John._ you gave us!A.How a pleasant surpriseB.How pleasant surpriseC.What a pleasant surpriseD.What pleasant surpr

32、ise30._ terrible weather weve been having these days!A.How aB.What aC.HowD.What31.Many people agree that _ knowledge of English is a must in _ international trade today.A.a; /B.the; anC.the; theD./; the32.Beyond _ stars，the astronaut saw nothing but _ space.A.the; /B./; theC./; /D.the; the33.Have yo

33、u seen _ pen? I left it here this morning.Is it _ black one? I think I saw it some where.A.a; theB.the; theC.a; aD.the; a34.After watching _ TV，she played _ violin for an hour.A./; /B.the; theC.the; /D./; the35.Are you sure to help me find _ bed for my new house?Sure，but not now. Im heading for _ be

34、d and a good sleep.A.a; /B.a; a C.the; aD.the; /36.Charlie Chaplin was considered one of the greatest actors in _ history of _ cinema.A./; /B.a; theC.the; theD.the; a37.What about _ book?Its too difficult _ book.A.a; aB.a; theC.the; theD.the; a38.Towards _ evening _ cold rain began to fall.A.an; the

35、B.the; aC.the; /D./; a39.She always plays _ football after _ school.A.a; theB.the; theC./; aD./; /40._ wheel is thought to be _ invention of _ first importance in human history.A.A; the; theB.The; an; theC.A; an; theD.A; an; /41.I felt someone patted me on _ shoulder.A.aB.theC.myD./42.So you are run

36、ning _ restaurant?Yes，but I dont want to make it _ restaurant only for rich people.A.the; /B.the; theC.a; theD.a; a43.Xian was _ starting point of _ world famous“Silk Road”.A./;/B.a; aC.the; /D.the; the44.It is ten oclock in the morning but he is still _.A.in the bedB.at the bedC.in bedD.on bed45.Mo

37、re than half of _ water used for drinking，washing and irrigating crops comes from under _ ground.A.the; /B./; theC./; /D.the; the46.At noon we reached _ small village _ east of _ Summer Palace.A.the; the; theB.a; /; theC.a; the; theD.a; /; /47.The child had only _ slight temperature，but the doctor r

38、egarded _ illness as serious enough for _ hospital treatment.A./; /; theB.a; /; /C.a; the; /D./; the; the48.I had _ lunch at a friends house yesterday._ food was good.A.the; /B./; /C.the; theD./; The49.What is Jack going to do with all his money?He says he has always dreamed of taking _ trip around

39、_ world.A.a; theB.the; theC.a; /D.a; a50.Qingdao is _ most beautiful city in summer.A.theB./C.aD.one51.Just now you said you always got to work on _ 8 oclock train. But would _ later train get you to work on time?A.a; aB.a; theC.the; theD.the; a52.The building was completed in _ September of 1956 no

40、t in _ October,1955.A./; theB.the; theC./;/D.the; /53.I would like to have _ room，_ window of which opens to _ south.A.a; the; aB.a; the; theC.a; /; /D.a; the; /54.There is _ house in the picture.There is _ old woman near _ house.A.an; a; theB.a; an; theC.the; a; an D.a; the; an55._ Europe and _ Ame

41、rica are separated by _ Atlantic Ocean.A./; /; theB.the; the; theC./; /; /D.the; the; /56.There is _“h” in the word“honest”. A.aB.theC./D.an57._ terrible life people in the small island lived at that time!A.WhatB.HowC.What aD.How a58.Father often says to me,“Be _ honest boy today and _ useful man to

42、morrow.”A.a; aB.an; anC.a; anD.an; a59.Things of _ kind come together; people of _ kind fall into _ same group.A.the; the; theB.a; a; the C.the; the; aD.a; the; the60._ Suez Canal brought _ east and _ west closer.A.The; the; theB./; the; theC.The; /; /D./; /; /15 CAABA610 DBBAA1115 CDDCB1620 BCCAC21

43、25 CCDBA2630 CBCCD3135 AACDA3640 CDDDB4145 BDDCD4650 BCDAC5155 DDBBA5660 DCDBA【解析】1.全句意为“在一万英尺的高空从飞机上跳下来真是一种激动人心的经历”。2.全句意为“你旁边的桌上有一本词典”。3.两个空都是表示泛指。4.第一空用定冠词表示类别；第二空后的名词wool是不可数名词，故前面用零冠词。7.a knife and fork是“一副刀叉”的意思。10.姓的复数前加定冠词可表示“某某一家人或某某夫妇”；第二空是特指小Albert需要的高等教育。12.第一空泛指“一个美妙的世界”，第二空的in peace是固定

44、短语。16.in the habit of意为“有的习惯”,in public places意为“在公共场合”。17.泛指“一件尺码更大的”。25information是不可数名词，have a word with意为“和说句话”。31.a knowledge of意为“知道/懂得一点”，international trade泛指“国际贸易”,前面不用冠词35.find a bed意为“找到一张床”,第二空后的bed为抽象名词，意为“就寝、睡觉”，故不用冠词37.根据上下文的语气，第一空显然是表示特指(双方都知道指的是那一本书)；第二空则是说“这是一本很难的书”，因为与too连用，故将形容词提前。41