英语语言学试卷精粹(10套题)

1、(完满版)英语语言学试卷精华(10套题)(完满版)英语语言学试卷精华(10套题)32/32(完满版)英语语言学试卷精华(10套题)第一部分选择题I.Directions:Readeachofthefollowingstatementscarefully.DecidewhichoneofthefourchoicesbestcompletesthestatementandputtheletterA,B,CorDinthebrackets.(2%10=20%)1、Asmodernlinguisticsaimstodescribeandanalyzethelanguagepeopleactuallyu

2、se,andnottolaydownrulesforcorrectlinguisticbehavior,itissaidtobe_.A、prescriptiveB、sociolinguisticC、descriptiveD、psycholinguistic2、Ofallthespeechorgans,the_is/arethemostflexible.A、mouthB、lipsC、tongueD、vocalcords3、Themorphemevisioninthecommonwordtelevisionisa(n)_.A、boundmorphemeB、boundformC、inflection

3、almorphemeD、freemorpheme4、A_intheembeddedclausereferstotheintroductorywordthatintroducestheembeddedclause.A、coordinatorB、particleC、prepositionD、subordinator5、CanIborrowyourbike?_Youhaveabike.A、issynonymouswithB、isinconsistentwithC、entailsD、presupposes6、Thebranchoflinguisticsthatstudieshowcontextinfl

4、uencesthewayspeakersinterpretsentencesiscalled_.A、semanticsB、pragmaticsC、sociolinguisticsD、psycholinguistics7、Grammaticalchangesmaybeexplained,inpart,asanalogicchanges,whichare_orgeneralization.A、elaborationB、simplificationC、externalborrowingD、internalborrowing8、_referstoamarginallanguageoffewlexica

5、litemsandstraightforwardgrammaticalrules,usedasamediumofcommunication.A、LinguafrancaB、CreoleC、PidginD、Standardlanguage9、Psychologists,neurologistsandlinguistshaveconcludedthat,inadditiontothemotorareawhichisresponsibleforphysicalarticulationofutterances,threeareasoftheleftbrainarevitaltolanguage,nam

6、ely,_.A、Brocasarea,WernickesareaandtheangulargyrusB、Brocasarea,WernickesareaandcerebralcortexC、Brocasarea,WernickesareaandneuronsD、Brocasarea,WernickesareaandExnersarea10、AccordingtoKrashen,_referstothegradualandsubconciousdevelopmentofabilityinthefirstlanguagebyusingitnaturallyindailycommunicatives

7、ituations.A、learningB、competenceC、performanceD、acquisition第二部分非选择题Directions:Fillintheblankineachofthefollowingstatementswithoneword,thefirstletterofwhichisalreadygivenasaclue.NotethatyouaretofillinOnewordonly,andyouarenotallowedtochangethelettergiven.(1%10=10%)11、Chomskydefinescompetenceastheidealu

8、serskoftherulesofhislanguage.12、Thefoursounds/p/,/b/,/m/and/w/haveonefeatureincommon,i.e,theyareallb.13、Misabranchofgrammarwhichstudiestheinternalstructureofwordsandtherulesbywhichwordsareformed.14、Asisastructurallyindependentunitthatusuallycomprisesanumberofwordstoformacompletestatement,questionorc

9、ommand.15、Synonymsthataremutuallysubstitutableunderallcircumstancesarecalledcsynonyms.16、Theillocutionarypointofristocommitthespeakertosomethingsbeingthecase,tothetruthofwhathasbeensaid.17、Wordsarecreatedoutrighttofitsomepurpose.Suchamethodofenlargingthevocabularyisknownaswordc.18、Whereverthestandar

10、dlanguagecanuseacontraction(he+ishes),BlackEnglishcandtheformofbe.19、Thebasicessentialsofthefirstlanguageareacquiredintheshortperiodfromaboutagetwotopuberty,whichiscalledthecperiodforfirstlanguageacquisition.20、Asatypeoflinguisticsystemin12learning,iisaproductofL2training,mothertongueintereference,o

11、vergeneralizationofthetargetlanguagerules,andlearningandcommunicativestrategiesofthelearner.Directions:Judgewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsistrueorfalse.PutaTfortrueorFforfalseinthebracketsinfrontofeachstatement.Ifyouthinkastatementisfalse,youmustexplainwhyyouthinksoandgivethecorrectversion.(2%1

12、0=20%)()21、Inmodernlinguisticstudies,thewrittenformoflanguageisgivenmoreemphasisthanthespokenformforanumberofreasons.()22、VoicingisaphonologicalfeaturethatdistinguishesmeaninginbothChineseandEnglish.()23、Thecompoundwordbookstoreistheplacewherebooksaresold.Thisindicatesthatthemeaningofacompoundisthes

13、umtotalofthemeaningsofitscomponents.()24、Syntacticcategoriesrefertosentences(S)andclauses(C)only.()25、DialectalsynonymscanoftenbefoundindifferentregionaldialectssuchasBritishEnglishandAmericanEnglishbutcannotbefoundwithinthevarietyitself,forexample,withinBritishEnglishorAmericanEnglish.()26、Onlywhen

14、amaximunderCooperativePrincipleisblatantlyviolatedandthehearerknowsthatitisbeingviolateddoconversationalimplicaturesarise.()27、TheterritoryinwhichtheIndo-EuropeanlanguagesaremainlyspokentodayalsoincludeslanguagesthatarenotIndo-European.()28、Inmostbilingualcommunities,twolanguageshavethesameinspeechs

15、ituationsknownasdomains.()29、AccordingtothestrongversionoftheSapir-Whorfhypothesis,speakersperceptionsdeterminelanguageandpatterntheirwayoflife.()30、Allnormalchildrenhaveequalabilitytoacquiretheirfirstlanguage.IV.Directions:Explainthefollowingterms,usingoneortwoexamplesforillustration.(3%10=30%)31、d

16、uality32、diachroniclinguistics33、broadtranscription34、morphologicalrules35、phrasestructurerule36、relationalopposites37、componentialanalysis38、context39、euphemism40、brainlateralizationV.Answerthefollowingquestions.(10%2=20%)41、Explainhowtheinventoryofsoundscanchange,givingsomeexamplesinEnglishforillu

17、stration.42、Brieflydiscusstheindividualfactorswhichaffecttheacquisitionofasecondlanguage.英语语言学试题（2）一、单项选择题(在每题的四个备选答案中，选出一个正确答案，并将正确答案的序号填在题干的括号内。每题2分，共20分)1.Thepairofwords“lend”and“borrow”are)_.(A.gradableoppositesB.relationaloppositesC.co-hyponymsD.synonyms2.ThediscoveryofIndo-Europeanlanguagefami

18、lybeganwiththeworkoftheBritishscholar.()A.JacobGrimmB.RasmusRaskC.FranzBoppD.SirWilliamJones3.Alinguistregardsthechangesinlanguageandlanguageuseas_.()A.unusualB.somethingtobefearedC.abnormalD.natural4._producefastandfluentspeechwithgoodintonationandpronunciationbutthecontentoftheirspeechrangesfrommi

19、ldlyinappropriatetocompletenonsense,oftenasunintelligible.()A.BrocasaphasicB.ThelinguisticdeprivationC.ThedamageontheangulargyrusD.Wernickesaphasic5.SomeSouthernlearnersofEnglishinChinatendtosay“night”as“light”.Thisshows:.()A.Theycannotpronounce/n/B.Interlangueinterferencebecausethereisnotthesound/n

20、/intheirmothertongueC.TheteachersdonothaveagoodteachingmethodD.Theydonotliketopronouncenasalsounds6.Awordwithseveralmeaningsiscalled_word.()A.apolysemousB.asynonymousC.anabnormalD.amultiple7.Thefunctionofthesentence“Aniceday,isntit?)”is_.(A.informativeB.phaticC.directiveD.performative8.Themostrecogn

21、izabledifferencesbetweenAmericanEnglishandBritishEnglisharein_andvocabulary.()A.usageB.grammarC.pronunciationD.structure9._dealswiththewayinwhichalanguagevariesthroughgeographicalspace.()A.LinguisticgeographyB.LexicologyC.LexicographyD.Sociolinguistics10.Thesemanticcomponentsoftheword“gentleman”canb

22、eexpressed)as_.(A.+animate,+male,+human,-adultB.+animate,+male,+human,+adultC.+animate,-male,+human,-adultD.+animate,-male,+human,+adult二、填空题(每空1分，共10分)11.Asentenceisastructurallyindependentunitthatusuallycomprisesanumberofw_toformacompletestatement,q_orcommand.12.Insociolinguisticstudies,speakersar

23、etreatedasmembersofs_g_.13.Utteranceisbasedon_;itistherealizationoftheabstractmeaningofasentenceinarealsituationofcommunication,orsimplyinacontext.14.Tomanypeople,alinguististhesameasa_,onewhocanspeakseverallanguagesfluently.15.Consonantsoundscanbeeitherv_orv_,whileallvowelsoundsarev_.三、判断说明题(判断以下各小

24、题，正确的在题后括号内写“T”，错的写“F”，并说明原由。每题2分，共20分)16.Allwordsmaybesaidtocontainarootmorpheme.()17.Tenseandreferencearetwotermsoftenencounteredinthestudyofmeaning.()18.Linguisticsisthecourseoflanguage.()19.Thepartofasentencewhichcompriesecomprisesaninfiniteverboraverbphraseisgrammaticallycalledpredicate.()20.Hi

25、storicallinguisticsequalstothestudyofsynchronicstudy.()21.Thetermdialect,asatechnicalterminlinguistics,carriesvaluejudgementandnotsimplyreferstoadistinctformoflanguage.()22.Morphologyistranslatedas形态学。()23.Theword“photographically”ismadeupof4morphemes).(24.Thesmallestmeaningfulunitoflanguageisallomo

26、rph.()25.Semanticsisthemainpartoflinguistics.()四、名词讲解(每题3分，共30分)26.generallinguistics27.suprasegmentalfeatures28.rootandstem29.hierarchicalstructure30.namingtheoryandconceptualistview31.maximsofqualityandmanner32.blending33.sociolect34.subvocalspeech35.contrastiveanalysis五、论述题(每题10分，共20分)36.Paraphra

27、seeachofthefollowingsentencesintwodifferentwaystoshowthesyntacticrulesaccountfortheambiguityofsentences.(1)Theshootingofthehuntersmightbeterrible.(2)Hesawyoungmenandwomenpresent.(3)Theyweresurprisedatthepresidentsappointment.37.Decidethemeaningofthefollowingaffixesandgiveeachaffixtwoexamples.re-un-a

28、nti-super-wise-itis-ize-age英语语言学试题（3）第一部分选择题.Directions:Readeachofthefollowingstatementscarefully.DecidewhichoneofthefourchoicesbestcompletesthestatementandputtheletterA,B,CorDinthebrackets.(2%10=20%)1.Thefactthatdifferentlanguageshavedifferentwordsforthesameobjectisgoodproofthathumanlanguageis_.A.a

29、rbitraryB.non-arbitraryC.logicalD.non-productive2.AllthebackvowelsinEnglisharepronouncedwithrounded-lips,i.e.rounded,EXCEPT_.3.Thelevelofsyntacticrepresentationthatexistsbeforemovementtakesplaceiscommonlytermedthe_.A.phrasestructureB.surfacestructureC.syntacticstructureD.deepstructure4.Thetheoryof_a

30、ccountsforthefactthatnounphrasesappearonlyinsubjectandobjectpositions.A.CaseConditionB.AdjacentConditionC.parameterD.Adjacentparameters5.Thephenomenonthatwordshavingdifferentmeaningshavethesameformiscalled_.A.polysemyB.hyponymyC.antonymyD.homonymy6.TheutteranceWerealreadyworking25hoursaday,eightdays

31、aweek.obviouslyviolatesthemaximof_.A.qualityB.quantityC.relationD.manner7.Infirstlanguageacquisitionchildrenusually_grammaticalrulesfromthelinguisticinformationtheyhear.A.useB.acceptC.generalizeD.reconstruct8.Standardizationknownas_isnecessaryinordertofacilitatecommunications.A.languageinterpretatio

32、nB.languageidentificationC.languagechoiceD.languageplanning9.Whichofthefollowingchoicesisnotthekeybiologicalbasisforhumanlanguageacquisition?_.A.CerebralcortexB.NeuronsC.EyesD.Angulargyrus10.Basicallyallthefollowingcategoriesexcept_arealwaysmissinginthechildrenstelegraphicspeechstage.A.thecopulaverb

33、beC.functionwordsB.inflectionalmorphemesD.contentwords第二部分非选择题.Directions:Fillintheblankineachofthefollowingstatementswithoneword,thefirstletterofwhichisalreadygivenasaclue.NotethatyouaretofillinONEwordonly,andyouarenotallowedtochangethelettergiven.(1%10=10%)11.Languageexistsintimeandchangesthrought

34、ime.Thedescriptionofalanguageatsomepointoftimeiscalleda_s_studyoflanguage.12.Anessentialdifferencebetweenconsonantsandvowelsiswhethertheaircomingupfromthelungsmeetswithany_o_whenasoundisproduced.13.Themorphemesthatcannotbeusedbythemselves,butmustbecombinedwithothermorphemestoformwordsarecalled_b_mor

35、phemes.14.XPmaycontainmorethanjustX.Forexample,theNPtheboywholikeshispuppyconsistsofDet,NandS,withDetbeingthe_s_,NtheheadandSthecomplement.15.AccordingtoSearlesclassificationofillocutionaryacts,tosuggestthatsomeoneshouldseethedoctorshouldfallintothecategoryof_d_.16.Hyponymyistherelationshipwhichobta

36、insbetweenspecificandgenerallexicalitems.Thewordthatismoregeneralinmeaningiscalled_s_.17.Vowelscanbenasalized.Thevowelnasalizationruleisan_a_rule,which,forthemostpart,iscausedbyarticulatoryorphysiologicalprocessinwhichsuccessivesoundsaremadeidentical,ormoresimilar,tooneanother.18.Onemarkofaninformal

37、styleisthefrequentoccurrenceof_s_wordsandexpressions,whichmakesenseonlytothepeopleofparticularsocialgroupsandserveasamarkofmembershipandsolidaritywithinagivensocialgroup.19.Thebrainisdividedintotworoughlysymmetricalhalves,called_h_,oneontherightandoneontheleft.20.Linguistsoftenusethetermnativelangua

38、geormothertongueinsteadoffirstlanguage,and_t_languageinsteadofsecondlanguageinsecondlanguageacquisitionliterature.Directions:Judgewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsistrueorfalse.PutaTfortrueorFforfalseinthebracketsinfrontofeachstatement.Ifyouthinkastatementisfalse,youmustexplainwhyyouthinksoandgive

39、thecorrectversion.(2%10=20%)21.()Humancapacityforlanguagehasageneticbasis,i.e.weareallbornwiththeabilitytoacquirelanguageandthedetailsofalanguagesystemaregeneticallytransmitted.22.()Ageneraldifferencebetweenphoneticsandphonologyisthatphoneticsisfocusedontheproductionofspeechsoundswhilephonologyismor

40、econcernedwithhowspeechsoundsdistinguishmeaning.23.()Onlywordsofthesamepartsofspeechcanbecombinedtoformcompounds.24.()Sentencesarenotformedbyrandomlycombininglexicalitems,butbyfollowingasetofsyntacticrulesthatarrangelinguisticelementsinaparticularorder.25.()Thesamesemanticfeatureoccursinonepartofspe

41、echonly.Forexample,femaleoccursonlyinnounssuchasmother,womangirltigressandsoonbutnotinotherpartsofspeech.26.()AccordingtoSearlesclassificationofillocutionaryacts,inviting,ordering,advising,promisingandapologizingallfallintothecategoryofdirectives.27.()Newwordsmaybeformedfromexistingwordsbysubtractin

42、ganaffixthoughttobepartoftheoldword;thatis,ignorancesometimescanbecreative.Thuspeddlewasderivedfrompeddleronthemistakenassumptionthatthe-erwastheagentivesuffix.28.()WomeninWesterncountriesatleastappeartobemorestatus-consciousandsensitivetothesocialsignificanceofcertainlinguisticvariables.29.()Thecas

43、eofGenieconfirmsthatthelanguagefacultyofanaveragehumandegeneratesafterthecriticalperiodandconsequently,mostlinguisticskillscannotdevelop.30.()Consciousknowledgeoflinguisticrulesdoesensureacquisitionoftherulesandthereforeanimmediateguidanceforactualperformance.Directions:Explainthefollowingterms,usin

44、goneortwoexamplesforillustration.(3%10=30%)31.erlanguage.Answerthefollowingquestions.(10%2=20%)41.Explainwithexamplesthethreenotionsof

45、phone,phonemeandallophone,andalsohowtheyarerelated.英语语言学试题（5）一、单项选择题(在每题的四个备选答案中，选出一个正确答案，并将正确答案的序号填在题干的括号内。每题2分，共20分)1.Thedescriptionofalanguageasitchangesthroughtimeisa()study.A.comparativeB.diachronicC.up-to-dateD.descriptive2.Ofthethreebranchesofphonetics,thelongestestablished,anduntilrecentlyth

46、emosthighlydeveloped,is()phonetics.A.auditoryB.acousticC.articulatoryD.noneoftheabovethree3.Whattheelement-esindicatesisthirdpersonsingular,presenttense,theelement-edpasttense,and-ingprogressiveaspect.Sincetheyarethesmallestunitoflanguageandmeaningful,theyarealso().A.phonemesB.morphemesC.allophonesD

47、.phones4.Sinceearly1980sNoamChomskyandothergeneratvielinguistsproposedanddevelopedatheoryofuniversalgrammarknownasthe()theory.A.speechactB.TGC.principles-and-parametersD.minimalistprogramme5.Onewaytoanalyzelexicalmeaningis().A.predicationanalysisB.stylisticanalysisC.componentialanalysisD.proposition

48、analysis6.Ofthethreespeechacts,linguistsaremostinterestedinthe()becausethiskindofspeechactisidenticalwiththespeakersintention.A.locutionaryactB.illocutionaryactC.perlocutionaryactD.constativeact7.ThediscoveryofIndo-EuropeanlanguagefamilybeganwiththeworkoftheBritishscholar().A.SirWilliamJonesB.JohnFi

49、rthC.M.A.K.HallidayD.F.D.Saussure8.Abilingualspeakeroftenusestwolanguagesalternativelyduringaconversationwithanotherbilingualspeaker,aspeechsituationknownas().A.discourserole-switchingB.activityrole-switchingC.socialrole-switchingD.code-switching9.AfocalpointofSLAresearchhasbeenthenatureanddevelopme

50、ntofL2learners)(.A.secondlanguageB.firstlanguageC.foreignlanguageD.interlanguage10.ItisestimatedthatthenumberofbasicwordsknownbyEnglish-speakingschoolchildrenofagesixisaround().A.7800B.6800C.5800D.4800二、填空题(每题1分，共10分)11.Thedescriptionofalanguageatsomepointintimeisas_study.12.Whenpitch,stressandsound

51、lengtharetiedtothesentenceratherthanthewordinisolation,theyarecollectivelyknownasi_.13.Accordingtoitspositioninthenewword,a_aredividedintotwokinds:prefixesandsuffixes.P_referstothephenomenonthatthesamewordmayhaveasetofdifferentmeanings.Whetherasentenceissemanticallymeaningfulisgovernedbyrulescalleds

52、_restrictions.Theu_meaningofthesentencevarieswiththecontextinwhichitisuttered.Someimportantmissionsofhistoricallinguistsaretoidentifyandclassifyfamiliesofrelatedlanguagesinagenealogicalfamilytree,andtoreconstructthep_,theoriginalformofalanguagefamilythathasceasedtoexist.18.R_arelanguagevarietiesappr

53、opriateforuseinparticularspeechsituations.19.LearnerswillsubconsciouslyusetheirL1knowledgeinlearningasecondlanguage.Thisisknownaslanguaget_.20.ArelatedissuewithintegrativemotivationhasbeentheextenttowhichlearnersdifferintheprocessofadaptingtothenewcultureoftheL2community.Thisadaptationprocessiscalle

54、da_.三、判断说明题(判断以下各题，正确的在题干后边的括号内填“T”，错误的填“F”，并说明原由。每题2分，共20分)21.Modernlinguisticsismainlydiachronic.()22.Theassimilationruleassimilatesonesoundtoanotherby“copying”afeatureofasequentphoneme,thusmakingthetwophonessimilar.()23.Semantically,themeaningofacompoundisoftenidiomatic,alwaysbeingthesumtotalofth

55、emeaningsofitscomponents.()24.Syntacticmovementisdictatedbyrulestraditionallycalledtransformationalrules,whoseoperationmaychangethesyntacticrepresentationofasentence.()25.Componentialanalysisisawayproposedbythegenerativesemanticiststoanalyzemeaning.()26.Linguistsfoundthatitwouldbepossibletogiveanade

56、quatedescriptionofmeaningevenifthecontextoflanguageusewasleftunconsidered.()27.ItisgenerallyacceptedthatthehistoryoftheEnglishlanguageisdividedintotheperiodsofOldEnglish,MiddleEnglishandModernEnglish.()28.Whenpeopleofacommunityspeakthesamelanguagefordifferentpurposes,sociolinguisticsituationsknownas

57、diglossiaandbilingualismemerge.()29.Linguisticlateralizationintermsofrighthemisphericdominanceforlanguageisfoundtoexistinanoverwhelmingmajorityofhumanbeings.()30.Inordertoidentifytheareasoflearningdifficulty,aninterlingualcontrastiveprocedureContrastiveAnalysiswasdeveloped.()四、名词讲解(每题3分，共30分)compete

58、nceandperformanceminimalpairmorphologyfiniteclausesenseandreferenceCooperativePrinciplesemanticbroadeninglanguageplanningthecriticalperiodhypothesisegrativemotivation五、论述题(第41、42小题各7分，第43小题6分，共20分)41.Underwhatconditionswilltwosoundsbeassignedtothesamephoneme?42.Forthefollowingsentence,drawatreediagr

59、amtorevealitsunderlyingstructure.Thegirlatetheorange.43.StudythepassagetakenfromShakespeareHAMLETsbelowcarefullyandidentifyeverydifferenceinexpressionbetweenElizabethanandModernEnglishthatisevident.King:WhereisPolonius?Hamlet:Inheaven,Sendthithertosee.Ifyourmessengerfindhimnotthere,seekhimitherothpl

60、aceyourself.Butindeed,ifyoufindhimnotwithinthismonth,youshallnosehimasyougoupthestairsintothelobby.ActIV,Sceneiii英语语言学试题（6）.Directions:Readeachofthefollowingstatementscarefully.DecidewhichoneofthefourchoicesbestcompletesthestatementandputtheletterA,B,CorDinthebrackets.(2%10=20%)1.Chomskyusestheterm(