初中英语语法

1、词汇单词1.介词：in, on, under, behind, near, at, of.in表示”在中二”在内”。例如:in our class在我们班上in my bag在我的书包里i n the desk在桌子里 i n the c I assroom在教室里. on表示在上。例如：on the wa I I在墙上 on the desk在桌子上on the b I ackboard 在黑板上. under表示“在下“。例如：under the tree 在树下 under the cha i r 在木奇子下under the bed 在床下. behind表示“在后面”。例如：beh

2、i nd the door 在门后 beh i nd the tree 在树后. near表示在附近。例如：near the teacher 1 s desk 在讲桌附近near the bed 在床附近. at表示在处”。例如：at schoo I在学校 at home在家at the door 在门口. of表示的。例如：a p i cture of our c I assroom 我们教室的一幅画a map of China 一张中国地图2,冠词 a / an / the:冠词一般位于所限定的名词前，用来著名名词所指的人或事物。冠词有不定冠词和 定冠词两种。不定冠词有两个形式，即a和an

3、。a用在以辅音音素开头的词前，如 a book; an用在以元音音素开头的字母前，如an apple.Can you he I p the ch i I dren Eng I i sh You may come our c I ub.T m I ook i ng some presents. These shops may have many k i ndsth i ngs sa I e. Save your money till then!How many cities are there Greece 一一I don5 t know.Look, the bi rds are the tre

4、e!When i s her b i rthday I can5 t remember- Is January.Mr. Green a I ways goes to work bus. He has to get up _ 6 o5 clock_ the morn i ng.Come on! 15 m hungry. What do we have d i nnerDon5 t eat and read n i ght. That i s bad your hea I th.Come and see yourse I f Wendy5 s store!We I i ve London. How

5、 about you Where do you come Sunday morn i ng, I usua I I y s I eep I ate home.Jack i s shorter than Sam, but Jack i s sitting Sam.Here i s a photo your fami ly.There aren5 t many peop I e the tra i n five o c I ock themorn i ng.VI.句型转换练习Part 1 ：单复数转换。How much i s thatIs your uncIe beh i nd the armc

6、ha i rThey go to the park by bus.There are buses to Manchester every day.A kangaroo can jump 30 ki Iometers an hour.Here are some good newspapers.They can5 t wa I k.She doesn, t have an orange hat.10They are army off icers.Baby koa I a bears aren5 t very b i g but adu 11 po I ar bears are very stron

7、g.Part 2：将以下句子改为一般疑问句，并作肯定和否认两种回答。I have a d i ct ionary.There are a lot of animals i n the zoo.He does h i s homework at n i ght.Dogs I i ve i n a I I parts of the worId.Greenf i eId i s a smaI I vi I I age i n England.Part 3：将以下句子改为否认句。There i s a very h i gh waterfaI I i n VenezueI a.Egypt has a

8、very Iong r i ver.She does her homework every day.I come to school by bus.She can swim very well.Part 4：对划线局部提问。There i s one rad i o i n the I i v i ng room.The I i brary i s behind the police station.Baby koaI a bears are only 2 centimeters tall.They can jump and swim.You can check out threePeter

9、does his homework with Mary.Kangaroos live in AustraI i a.Vera and H i I I ary come from England.He s buying bananas at the store.They are secretari es. Part5 ：综合句型练习：f r i end Tom usua I I y goes to see act i on mov i es on weekends.（就画线局部1112提问）Tom has a red jacket and a blue sweater.(就画线局部提问)Mom5

10、 s keys are in the drawer.(就画线局部提问)The ye I low hat i s 10 dollars.(就画线局部提问)My grandfather I i kes documentar i es.(改为否认句)My mother usua I I y goes to see act i on mov i es.(改为一般疑问句,并做否 定回答)Is it a red tomato (改为复数句)That i s my fami ly photo.(改为复数句)初一英语语法练习题I. be动词(用be动词的正确形式填空)Is ; ;are y isy am 10

11、. Are ; m用a , an, the或者填空1./ ,the 4./ ,a , an v an 10./ 11./12./13./ /IV.写出以下名词的复数形式1) Cemeteries 2) teeth 3) countries4) months5) sandwiches 6) brushes?)candy bars 8) kangaroos 9)men 10) days 11)watches12) photosl3)oranges 14)dictionar ies15) tomatoes 16) dolIars17) peaches18) strawberries 19)churc

12、hes20) chiIdrenV.用动词的正确形式填空, is, , speaks; , I ikes,to Iive ; t think _has_playing , are pI ay i ng_, am playing ,is; , comes;12Does tgo, washes;14speaks, speak;t, pl ay_watches;, do; t need_,does has20. am I ook i ng13III.选择正确的介词填空1. in, at 2. inv to 3. at, with, on 4. in 5. in 6. in 7. by, at, in,

13、 8. for 9. at, for 10. by, at 11. in, from 12. On, at 13. behind 14. in 15. , on, at, inVI.句型转换练习Part 1 ：单复数转换。much are theseyour uncles behind the armchai rgoes to the park by bus. is a bus to Manchester every day.kangaroos can jump 30 kilometers an hour.is a piece of newspaper, can t walk.don t ha

14、ve an orange hat. is an army officer.koala bear isn t very big but adult polar bear is very strong.Part 2：将以下句子改为一般疑问句，并作肯定和否认两种回答。you have a dictionary Yes, I have. No, I don thave.there a lot of animals in the zoo Yes, there are . No, there aren, t.3. Do they go to the park by busYes, they do. No,

15、 they don t .he do his homework at night Yes, he does. No, he does n t.Dogs I i ve in al I parts of the world Yes , they do. No , they don t.7. Is Greenfield a smal I vi I I age in England Yes, it is. No, it isn t. Part 3：将以下句子改为否认句。isn1 t a very high waterfal I in Venezuela.2.Egypt doesn, t have a

16、very long river.doesn, t do her homework every day.don t come to schooI by bus.can t swim very well.Part 4：对划线局部提问。much radios in the living room is the Iibrary14long are Baby koala bearscan they docan I check outdoes Peter do with Marydo Kangaros Iive do Vera and Hi Ilary come fromis he doing at th

17、e store are theyPart5：综合句型练习：does your friend Tom usually go to see action moviesdoes Tom have.are Mom, s keysmuch i s the ye I low hatgrandfather doesn, t I ike documentaries.your mother usually go to see action moviesthey red tomatoes.are our family photos.15 a或an与可数名词单数连用，泛指某类人或某物中的一个。This i s a

18、cat.这是一只猫。Its an Engl i sh book.这是一本英语书。H i s father i s a worker.他的爸爸是个工人。the既可以用在可数名词前，也可以用在不可数名词前，表示某个或某些特定的 人或事物，也可以指上文提到过的人或事物。Who* s the boy i n the hat戴帽子的男孩是谁呀What can you see i n the cI assroomI can see a bag. Wheres the bagIts on the desk.你能在教室里看到什么呀我能看见一个书包。书包在哪呀在桌子上。和any在肯定句中用some.例如：The

19、re are some books on the desk.桌子上有一些书。Lucy has some good books 露西有一些好书。在疑问句和否认句中用any。例如：I s there any i nk i n your pen你的钢笔里有墨水吗Do you have any brothers and s i sters 你有兄弟姐妹吗There isnt any water i n the g I ass ,杯子里没有水。记住它们的特殊用法。some亦可用于表示盼望得到对方肯定的答复或表示建议、委婉请求的疑问句 中，这一点我们不久就会学到。例如：Wou I d you I i ke

20、 to have some app I es 你想吃苹果吗any也可用于肯定句中，表示“任何的。例如：Any one of us can do this.我们当中任何一个都能做这个。some和any的用法是经常出现的考点，希望大家能准确地掌握它们的用法。family看作为一个整体时，意思是“家庭，后面的谓语动词be用单数形式is ； 如把fami ly看作为家庭成员时，应理解为复数，后面的谓语动词be应用are。 My fami ly is a big fami ly.我的家庭是个大家庭。My fami ly are a I I at home now.我的家人现在都在家。Family强调由家

21、人组成的一个集体或强调这个集体中的成员。home指个人出生、 被抚养长大的环境和居住地点。house指家、房屋，侧重居住的建筑本身。 H i s fami I y are a I I workers.他的家人都是工人。My home is in Bei j ing.我的家在北京。He isnt at home now,他现在不在家。Its a picture of my fami ly.这是一张我全家的照片。5. little的用法a I i tt Ie dog 一只小狗，a I i tt Ie boy 一个小男孩。little常用来修饰有生 命的名词。*但little还可表示否认意义，意为少

22、的，加不可数名词。There i s I i tt I e time.几乎没时间了。There i s I i tt I e water i n the cup. 杯中水很少。词组on the desk 在桌子上behindthe cha i r 在椅1 子后underthe cha i r在椅子下面in her penci I-box在她的铅笔盒中near the door在门附近a p i cture of a c I assroom 一个教室的图片I ook at the p i cture 看这张图片the teacher s desk 讲桌a map of Ch i na 一张中国地

23、图fami I y tree 家谱have a seat坐下，就坐th i s way这边走日常用语Come and meet my fami Iy.Go and see. I thi nk its Li Le i.GI ad to meet you.What can you see in the pictureI can see a cIock / some books.Can you see an orangeYes, I can. / No, I cant.Where* s Shenzhen Its near Hong Kong.Let me see. (口语)让我想想看。 see在这是

24、“明白、懂了，不可译作看见。例如：PI ease have a seat.seat表示座位,是个名词。have a seat表示就坐,也可以说take a seat, 和sit down的意思相同。三.语法.名词所有格名词如要表示与后面名词的所有关系，通常用名词所有格的形式，意为的。 一般有以下几种形式：.一般情况下在词尾加飞。例如：Kates father Kate 的爸爸my mother 1 s f r i end我妈妈的朋友.如果复数名词以s结尾,只加o例如：Teachers Day 教师节The boys game男孩们的游戏.如果复数名词不以s结尾,仍加飞。例如：Chi Idren

25、s Day 儿童节Women1 s Day 妇女节.表示两个或几个共有时，所有格应加在后一个名词上。例如：Lucy and Li Iy* s room Lucy 和 Li ly 的房间Kate and Jims father Kate 和 Jim 的爸爸动物和无生命事物的名词的所有格一般不在词尾加s,而常常用介词of的短 语来表示Oa map of Ch i na 一幅中国地图the name of her cat她的猫的名字a picture of my fami ly我的家庭的一张照片the door of the bedroom 卧室的门.祈使句祈使句主要用来表示说话人的请求 命令、建议

26、、叮嘱等意图。祈使句一般不用 主语，读时用降调。为使语气委婉 礼貌，常在句首或句尾加please。在句尾 时，please前多用逗号。祈使句肯定形式的谓语动词一律用动词原形。Go and see.去看看。Come i n, p I ease.请进。.祈使句的否认形式常用dont于句首。Dont Iook at your books.不要看书。Dontp I ay on the road.不要在马路上玩。. There be的句子结构There be是一个“存在”句型，表示有的意思，肯定句的形式为：There be +名词（单数或复数）+地点状语或时间状语。be动词单复数确实定，看be后边第一个

27、名词，当所接主语为单数或不可数名词 时，be动词形式为is；当所接主语为复数名词时，be动词为are；当be动词后 接两个以上主语时，be动词与最临近主语保持数上的一致。意思为某地有某人或 某物。如：There i s an eraser and two pens on the desk.桌子上有一块橡皮和两支钢 笔。There are two pens and an eraser on the desk,桌上有两支钢笔和一块橡皮。there be的否认句，即在be的后面加上not。 否认形式为：There be + not + (any) +名词+地点状语。 There i s not an

28、y cat i n the room. 房间里没猫。 There arent any books on the desk.桌子上没书。there be句型的疑问句就是将be提到句首：Be there + (any) +名词+地 点状语肯定回答：Yes, there i s / are.否认回答：No, there i sn* t / arent. 1 s there a dog i n the p i cture 画上有一只狗吗 Yes, there i s.有。Are there any boats i n the r i ver 河里有船吗No, there arent. 没有。(3)特殊

29、疑问句：How many . . . are there (+地点状语)某地有多少人或物 回答用 There be .Theres one. / There are two / three / some .有时直接就用数字来回答。One. / Two .How many students are there i n the c I assroom 教室里有多少学生There* s on I y one. / There are n i ne. 只有一个。/有九个。(4)如果名词是不可数名词，用：How much +不可数名词+ is there +地点 状语How much water i s

30、 there i n the cup 杯中有多少水How much food i s there i n the bowl 碗里有多少食物英语语法练习题I. be动词(用be动词的正确形式填空)your grandmother th i n or chubby (胖乎乎的)Where your book on snakesWhere my penc i I case and my notebookThere n i ne peop I e i n my fami ly.How much the exerc i se book and the magaz i neThat n i netydo

31、I I ars.Ben a middle schoo I student, and h i s parents arch i tects.Scott I ikes action movies best. H i s favor i te actors Jack i e Chanand Jet L i.一 What co I or your shoes - BI ack.一一 Hei Io. My name Jack. Thi s i s my fr iend. Hi s name Tom.- N i ce to meet you. I R i ck.you still a I i brar i

32、 an No, I an accountant now.11.用a , an, the或者填空There i s water on the f I oor.There i s orange on desk.What do you know about pandasI want to have ch icken for d i nner.There i s f i sh i n the bow. Look! It can swim very fast.There i s m i n climb and there i s U i n country.I don5 t I i ke broccol

33、 i but I I i ke app I es.My brother i s engi neer, and my s i ster i s execut i ve now.I don5 t I i ke mov i e. It5 s bor i ng.10)Jenny5 s b i rthday i s Nov. 12th.11)-Let5 s go and p I ay chess.一一Sorry, 15 m af ra i d I can5 t. It5 s time for me to p I ay p i ano.12) He usua I I y has h i s breakfa

34、st at 7:00am and goes to schoo Iat 7:30.IV.写出以下名词的复数形式1) Cemetery3) country5) sandwich7) candy bar9) man11) watch13) orange15) tomato17) peach1) Cemetery3) country5) sandwich7) candy bar9) man11) watch13) orange15) tomato17) peach2) tooth 4) month6) brush 8) kangaroo 10) day 12) photo 14)d i ct i on

35、ary 16) dollar strawberry 19) church 20) ch i I d V.用动词的正确形式填空You from India. Br ian from Korea. And I from China.(be)I Ch i nese and Engl i sh. Br i an German, Ch i nese and Engl i sh.(speak)George from Italy but he spaghett i very much. . (come,I i ke)Penguins in Antarctica. It5 s cold, so no peopIe want there. (I i ve)The mov i e i s very scary. I i t i s a good mov i e for k i ds. (think)一一 Can I