2022年高二英语暑假作业2 选择性必修第三册 Unit 3-4

1、暑假作业2 选择性必修第三册 Unit 34一、单词拼写1. Without the_(改革) of the economic management system our industry will rot.2. During the war we had just enough food to_ (维持) us. 3. He failed to _ (抓住) the opportunity during the job interview. 4. Some roads may have to be closed at peak times to _ (限制) the number of vi

2、sitors. 5. He_(提交) his proposal for urban development to the city council at the conference. 6. Every time I mention her, you become very_ (敏感的).7. The submarine that our country has put into use is driven by_ (核能的) power. 8. After the failure of the electricity supply the city was in_ (混乱). 9. If y

3、ou do this, youll almost always meet your_ (年度的)goal. 10. We advocate peaceful development, _ (和谐的) development and scientific development. 11. She has met the minimum educational requirements for q_(资质).12. The audience cheered him e_ (热情地).13. The professor a_ four chapters for this week. (布置了)14.

4、 How I dress up can have an impact on my c_(公司的) image.15. The d _ (潮湿的) weather causes damage machines.16. Apart from the r_(娱乐) center we also have a health club on the second floor.17. A growing number of people support the argument that it is c_ (残忍的) of human beings to train animals to perform

5、tricks for amusement.18. Though he is in his fifties, he seems never to lose his youthful v_(活力).19. The main reason why I like this piece of f_(家具) that it suits the style of my house. 20. B_(蝙蝠) play an important role in the ecosystem, especially in controlling insects at night, but they are also

6、carriers of some deadly viruses. 二、单句语法填空1. Consequently, some viewers began to turn away _cinemas, leading to a slower growth. 2. If you are serious about our relationship, you should make a _(commit). 3. The value and impact of _(motive) goes beyond our social circle and existence. 4. Though some

7、of the questions seem unfamiliar to me, they are easy _(answer). 5. Alone in a strange city, without friends and money, he fell _despair. 6. It is very pleasant for him to travel and to try out and explore _is new. 三、题型组合练阅读理解In order to help discover spoilage(变质) and reduce food waste for supermark

8、ets and consumers, researchers have developed new low-cost, smart phone-linked, eco-friendly spoilage sensors for meat and fish packaging.One in three UK consumers throw away food just because it reaches the use-by date(保存期), but 60%(4.2 million tonnes)of the 12.5 billion-worth of food we throw away

9、 each year is safe to eat.The researchers, whose findings were published in ACS Sensors, say the sensors could also eventually replace the use-by date-a widely used indicator of being fresh and eatable.The sensors cost two US cents each to make. Known as “paper-based electrical gas sensors(PEGS)”, t

10、hey detect spoilage gases like ammonia(a poisonous gas with a strong unpleasant smell)in meat and fish products. The information provided by the electronic nose is received by a smart phone, and then you can know whether the food is fresh and safe to eat.The Imperial College London researchers who d

11、eveloped PEGS made the sensors by printing carbon electrodes(电极) onto a special type of paper. The materials are eco-friendly and harmless, so they dont damage the environment and are safe to use in food packaging. The sensors, combined with a tiny electronic system, then inform nearby mobile device

12、s, which identify and understand the data about spoilage gases.Lead author Dr Firat Guder,of Imperials Department of Bioengineering, said, “Although theyre designed to keep us safe, use-by dates can lead to eatable food being thrown away. They dont always reflect its actual freshness. In fact, peopl

13、e often get sick from foodborne diseases due to poor storage, even when an item is within its use-by date.“These sensors are cheap enough so we hope to see supermarkets using them within three years. Our goal is to use PEGS in food packaging to reduce unnecessary food waste.”The authors hope that PE

14、GS could have applications beyond food processing, like sensing chemicals in agriculture, air quality,and detecting disease markers in breath like those involved in kidney disease.1. What is the function of PEGS according to the text?A. To improve the service of stores.B. To help supermarkets store

15、foods.C. To improve the taste of food products.D. To help people test food freshness.2. What role does the smartphone play while PEGS are functioning?A. It acts as an electronic nose.B. It reads the data collected by PEGS.C. It discovers the spoilage gases from foods.D. It helps print the gas sensor

16、s onto paper.3. What does Dr Firat Guder say about use-by dates?A. They are not completely reliable.B. They can help reduce food waste.C. They are not accepted by consumers.D. They are based on scientific research.4. What does the author mainly talk about in the text?A. The process of researching sp

17、oilage sensors.B. A new technology in packaging to reduce food waste.C. Use-by dates influence on supermarkets and consumers.D. The application of spoilage sensors beyond food processing.完形填空Molai grew up in a tiny village in India. The village lay near some wetlands which became his second _1_. He

18、learned the value and beauty of _2_ there from a very young age.When he was 16, Molai began to notice something _3_ happening around his home. A flood had hit the area earlier that year and the _4_ it caused had driven away a number of birds. _5_, the number of snakes had declined as well. He _6_ th

19、at it was because there werent enough trees to protect them from the _7_. The solution, of course, was to plant trees so the animals could seek _8_ during the daytime. He turned to the _9_ department for help but was told that nothing would grow there. However, Molai went looking on his own and _10_

20、 a nearby island where he began to plant trees._11_ young plants in the dry season was _12_ for a lone boy. Molai built at the _13_ of each sapling(幼树)a bamboo platform, where he placed earthen pots with small holes to _14_ rainwater. The water would then drip(滴落)on the plants below.Molai _15_ to pl

21、ant trees for the next 37 years. His efforts have resulted in 1,360 acres of naturally-grown land that has become home to many plants and animals.1. A. dreamB. jobC. homeD. choice2. A. natureB. youthC. cultureD. knowledge3. A. preciousB. interestingC. disturbingD. awkward4. A. wasteB. tensionC. pain

22、D. damage5. A. BesidesB. HoweverC. ThereforeD. Otherwise6. A. agreedB. realizedC. rememberedD. predicted7. A. noiseB. heatC. diseaseD. dust8. A. directionsB. partnersC. helpD. shelter9. A. laborB. policeC. forestD. finance10. A. rebuiltB. discoveredC. leftD. managed11. A. DecoratingB. ObservingC. Wa

23、teringD. Guarding12. A. toughB. illegalC. fantasticD. beneficial13. A. backB. topC. footD. side14. A. cool downB. keep offC. purifyD. collect15. A. returnedB. learnedC. failedD. continued七选五How to Do Man-on-the-Street InterviewsThe man-on-the-street interview is an interview in which a reporter hits

24、 the streets with a cameraman to interview people on the spot. _1_ But with these tips, your first man-on-the-street interview experience can be easy.When your boss or professor sends you out to do man-on-the-street interviews for a story, think about the topic and develop a list of about ten genera

25、l questions relating to it. For example, if your topic is about environmental problems in America, you might ask, “Why do you think environmental protection is important in America?” _2_Hit the streets with confidence. _3_ Say, “Excuse me, I work for XYZ News, and I was wondering if you could share

26、your opinion about this topic.” This is a quick way to get people to warm up to you.Move on to the next person if someone tells you she is not interested. Dont get discouraged._4_ Each interview that you get on the street shouldnt be longer than ten minutes. As soon as you get the answer you need, m

27、ove on to the next person. Make sure that as you go from interview to interview, you are getting a variety of answers. If everyone is giving you the same answer, you wont be able to use it. A safe number of interviews to conduct is about six to ten. _5_If your news station or school requires intervi

28、ewees to sign release forms to appear on the air, dont leave work without them.A. Limit your time.B. As you approach people, be polite.C. If you dont own a camera, you can buy one.D. For new reporters, this can seem like a challenging task.E. To get good and useful results, ask them the same questio

29、n.F. That number of interviews should give you all the answers you need.G. With a question like this, you will get more than a “Yes” or “No” reply.答案与解析一、单词拼写【答案】1. reform 2. sustain 3. seize 4. restrict 5. submitted 6. sensitive 7. nuclear 8. chaos 9. annual 10. harmonious 11. qualification 12. ent

30、husiastically 13. assigned 14. corporate 15. damp 16. recreation 17. cruel 18. vigor 19. furniture 20. Bats【解析】1. 考查名词。句意：没有经济管理体制的改革，我们的工业就会腐烂。根据汉语提示“改革”和定冠词“the”可知，应填名词reform。此处表抽象概念，不可数。故填reform。2. 考查动词。句意：战争期间，我们的食物仅够维持生活。根据汉语提示“维持”和空前的“to”可知，应填动词原形sustain和to构成动词不定式，作目的状语。故填sustain。3. 考查动词。句意：他未

31、能在求职面试中抓住这个机会。根据汉语提示可知，seize抓住，动词，符合题意；fail to do sth.未能做某事，固定搭配，所以空处需用动词原形。故填seize。4. 考查动词。句意：一些道路可能不得不在高峰时间关闭，以限制游客数量。根据汉语提示可知，restrict限制，动词，符合题意，空处使用了动词不定式，作目的状语，因有动词不定式符号to，所以空处需用动词原形。故填restrict。5. 考查动词时态。句意：他在会议上向市议会提出了城市发展的建议。根据汉语提示“提交”可知，应填动词submit作谓语，此处陈述过去发生的事情，使用一般过去时。故填submitted。6. 考查形容词。

32、句意：每次我提到她，你就变得很敏感。根据汉语提示可知，sensitive敏感的，形容词作表语，符合题意。故填sensitive。7. 考查形容词。句意：我国已投入使用的潜艇是由核动力驱动的。根据汉语提示“核能的”和空后的“power”可知，应填形容词nuclear作定语修饰名词。故填nuclear。8. 考查名词。句意：电力供应中断后，城市一片混乱。根据汉语提示“混乱”以及空格前的介词in可知，此处应用名词chaos，不可数名词，作介词宾语，in chaos“一片混乱”是固定短语。故填chaos。9. 考查形容词。句意：如果你这样做，你几乎总能实现你的年度目标。根据汉语提示可知，annual年

33、度的，形容词作定语修饰名词goal，符合题意。故填annual。10. 考查形容词。句意：我们主张和平发展、和谐发展、科学发展。根据汉语提示可知，harmonious和谐的，形容词作定语修饰名词development，符合题意。故填harmonious。11. 考查名词。句意：她已满足资质的最低学历要求。分析句子可知，设空处为介词for的宾语，应用名词，故填qualification。12. 考查副词。句意：观众热情地为他欢呼。根据首字母以及汉语提示“热情地”可知，此处应该填副词作状语。故填enthusiastically。13. 考查谓语动词。句意：教授这周布置了四章。根据汉语提示“布置了”

34、可知，此处应填动词assign，分析句子可知，本句时态为一般过去时，谓语动词应使用动词过去式assigned。故填assigned。14. 考查形容词。句意：我的穿着打扮会影响到我的公司形象。分析句子可知，设空处修饰名词image作定语，应用形容词形式，故填corporate。15. 考查形容词。句意：潮湿的天气会损坏机器。根据中文提示“潮湿的”以及后面的名词weather可知，此处应该填形容词作定语修饰名词weather。故填damp。16. 考查名词。句意：除了娱乐中心，我们在二楼还有一个健身俱乐部。分析句子可知，设空处用来修饰名词作定语，可以用娱乐的名词，故填recreation。17.

35、 考查形容词。句意：越来越多的人认为人类训练动物表演杂技取乐是残忍的。it is+形容词+of sb. to do sth.“某人做某事是”，故设空处应填形容词。根据中英文提示及句意，故填cruel。18. 考查名词。句意：虽然他已经五十多岁了，但他似乎从未失去过青春活力。分析可知空格处是lose的宾语，且其前有形容词youthful，故空格处填名词，根据首字母及汉语提示可知是名词vigor，vigor是抽象名词，不可数。故填vigor。19. 考查名词。句意：我喜欢这件家具的主要原因是它适合我的房子的风格。furniture家具，为不可数名词。根据中英文提示，故填furniture。20.

36、考查名词。句意：蝙蝠在生态系统中扮演着重要的角色，尤其是在夜间控制昆虫方面，但它们也是一些致命病毒的携带者。分析可知空格处是句子的主语，结合汉语及首字母提示可知是名词“bat”，谓语是复数形式play，故主语也用复数形式，句首单词首字母大写。故填Bats。二、单句语法填空【答案】1. from 2. commitment 3. motivation 4. to answer 5. into 6. whatever【解析】1. 考查介词和固定搭配。句意：因此，一些观众开始远离电影院，导致增长放缓。turn away from意为“远离”，为固定搭配。故填from。2. 考查名词。句意：如果你认真

37、对待我们的关系，你应该做出承诺。根据句意及空前的make a可知，此处应填入名词作宾语，commit的名词形式为commitment(承诺)，make a commitment表示“做出承诺”，故填commitment。3. 考查名词。句意：动机的价值和影响超越了我们的社交圈和存在。在介词of后应用名词作宾语。名词motivation意为“动机”。故填motivation。4. 考查非谓语动词。句意：虽然有些问题我不熟悉，但很容易回答。be+形容词+ to do。根据句意，故填to answer。5. 考查介词和固定搭配。句意：在一个陌生的城市里，没有朋友，没有钱，他陷入了绝望。fall in

38、to意为“陷入”，为固定搭配。根据“Alone in a strange city, without friends and money”可知，fall into符合语境。故填into。6. 考查宾语从句的引导词。句意：对他来说，旅行、尝试和探索任何新鲜事物都是一件非常愉快的事情。分析句子可知，位于动词explore后，此处是一个宾语从句，宾语从句中缺少主语，且表示“无论什么”，要用引导词whatever。故填whatever。三、题型组合练阅读理解【答案】1-4 DBAB【解析】本文为科普类说明文。为了测定食物的新鲜度和减少食物浪费，研究人员开发了一种新的低成本智能和环保的肉类和鱼类包装变质

39、传感器，希望它能很快地投入使用，并且应用于更广泛的领域。1. 细节理解题。根据第一段In order to help discover spoilage(变质）and reduce food waste for supermarkets and consumers, researchers have developed new low-cost, smart phone-linked, eco-friendly spoilage sensors for meat and fish packaging(为了帮助超市和消费者发现食物变质并减少食物浪费，研究人员开发了一种新的低成本、连接智能手机、环

40、保的肉类和鱼类包装变质传感器)可知，PEGS是用来帮助人们测试食物的新鲜度减少食物浪费的，故选D。2. 细节理解题。根据第四段The information provided by the electronic nose is received by a smart phone, and then you can know whether the food is fresh and safe to eat(通过电子鼻提供的信息被智能手机接收，然后你就可以知道食物是否新鲜和安全。)可知智能手机会在PEGS运行时读取由它收集的数据，故选B。3. 推理判断题。根据倒数第三段Although they

41、re designed to keep us safe, use-by dates can lead to eatable food being thrown away. They dont always reflect its actual freshness(虽然它们的设计是为了保护我们的安全，但食用日期可能导致可食用的食物被扔掉。它们并不总是反映真实的新鲜度)可知，Firat Guder博士认为，使用日期并不完全可靠，故选A。4. 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其第一段In order to help discover spoilage(变质) and reduce food waste fo

42、r supermarkets and consumers, researchers have developed new low-cost, smart phone-linked, eco-friendly spoilage sensors for meat and fish packaging.(为了帮助发现变质和减少超市和消费者的食品浪费，研究人员开发了新的低成本、连接智能电话、环保的肉类和鱼类包装变质传感器)可推断，本文介绍了一种新型减少食物浪费的包装变质传感新技术，有望取代靠使用日期来断定食物的新鲜度，故选B。完形填空【答案】1-5 CACDA 6-10 BBDCB 11-15 CAB

43、DD【解析】这是一篇记叙文。Molai在印度的一个小村庄长大。16岁的时候，一场洪水导致他的家园遭受巨大损失。树木的缺乏导致这些动物失去了遮蔽物，很多鸟儿离开，蛇类数量减少。Molai决定改变这一切，他经过努力，在附近找到了一个小岛，开始种树。在30多年的时间里，他的努力使1360英亩的天然土地成为许多动植物的家园。1. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个村庄位于一些湿地附近，那里成了他的第二个家。A. dream梦想；B. job工作；C. home家；D. choice选择。根据空前的second可知，他出生的村庄是他的家，村庄附近的一些“湿地”成为了他的第二个“家”。故选C。2. 考查名词词义

44、辨析。句意：他从小就在那里了解到了大自然的价值和美丽。A. nature自然；B. youth青春，年轻；C. culture文化；D. knowledge知识。湿地展现了“大自然”的价值和美。故选A。3. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：16岁时，Molai开始注意到他的家周围发生了一些令人不安的事情。A. precious宝贵的；B. interesting有趣的；C. disturbing令人不安的，引起烦恼的；D. awkward尴尬的，笨拙的。该段后半部分提到：洪水侵袭，很多鸟儿离开，蛇的数量减少。这些情况都不正常，令人不安。故选C。4. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：那年早些时候，一场洪水袭击

45、了这个地区，洪水造成的损害赶走了很多鸟类。A. waste废物；B. tension紧张；C. pain疼痛，痛苦；D. damage损害，伤害。洪水侵袭这个地区，它会“损害”庄稼、树木，这些都会导致鸟儿们离开。故选D。5. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：此外，蛇的数量也减少了。A. Besides此外，另外；B. However但是；C. Therefore因此；D. Otherwise否则。根据as well可知，洪水不仅导致很多鸟儿离开。而且，它还导致蛇的数量减少。故选A。6. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他意识到这是因为没有足够的树来保护它们免受炎热的影响。A. agreed同意；B. real

46、ized意识到；C. remembered记住，记起；D. predicted预测。Molai“意识到”鸟儿离开、蛇类减少是因为没有足够的树木。故选B。7. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他意识到这是因为没有足够的树来保护它们免受炎热的影响。A. noise噪音；B. heat热；C. disease疾病；D. dust尘土。根据常识可知，树木可以提供阴凉，从而保护鸟类和蛇类免受炎热的影响。故选B。8. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当然，解决的办法是种树，这样动物们就可以在白天寻找栖身之处。A. directions方向；B. partners伙伴，合作伙伴；C. help帮助；D. shelter遮蔽

47、，庇护，遮蔽物。树木可以给动物们提供“遮蔽”。故选D。9. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他向森林部门求助，但被告知那里什么也不长。A. labor劳动；B. police警察；C. forest森林；D. finance财政，金融。根据前一句中的“The solution, of course, was to plant trees”可知，Molai想要种树，所以他应该向“森林”部门求助。故选C。10. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，Molai自己去看了看，发现了附近的一个岛屿，他开始在那里种树。A. rebuilt重建；B. discovered发现；C. left离开；D. managed设法

48、做成。根据前面的“looking on his own”可知，他自己去看，那么接下来就应该是他“发现”了一个小岛。故选B。11. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：对一个孤独的男孩来说，在旱季给幼苗浇水是很困难的。A. Decorating装饰；B. Observing观察到；C. Watering浇水；D. Guarding守卫。该段后半部分叙述的是Molai想尽办法收集水的努力。再结合该句中的“the dry season”可知，在旱季给幼苗“浇水”很难。故选C。12. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对一个孤独的男孩来说，在旱季给幼苗浇水是很困难的。A. tough困难的；B. illegal非法的；C

49、. fantastic极好的；D. beneficial有益的。根据该段后半部分的叙述可知，Molai想尽办法收集雨水，由此推知，旱季缺水，给幼苗浇水很“难”。故选A。13. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：Molai在每棵树苗的顶端都搭建了一个竹子平台，在那里他放置了带有小洞的陶罐来收集雨水。A. back背部；B. top顶端；C. foot脚；D. side一边，一侧。根据该段最后一句“The water would then drip on the plants below”可知，水滴在下面的植物上。由此推知，竹子平台应该在每棵树苗的“顶端”。故选B。14. 考查动词(短语)辨析。句意：Molai在每棵树苗的顶端都搭建了一个竹子平台，在那里他放置了带有