2021届高考英语二轮复习强化专练考点04阅读理解议论文及夹叙夹议文含解析

1、2021届高考英语二轮复习强化专练考点04阅读理解议论文及夹叙夹议文含解析2021届高考英语二轮复习强化专练考点04阅读理解议论文及夹叙夹议文含解析2021届高考英语二轮复习强化专练考点04阅读理解议论文及夹叙夹议文含解析考点04 阅读理解议论文及夹叙夹议文Passage1 （2020河北高三月考） Robots are getting better at doing human jobs. Thats probably good for the economybut there are some serious downsides, too.Machines are expected to

2、displace about 20 million manufacturing jobs across the world over the next decade, according to a report released by Oxford Economics, a global forecasting and quantitative analysis firm。That means about 8.5% of the global manufacturing workforce could be displaced by robots。 The report also notes

3、that the move to robots tends to create new jobs as fast as it automates them; however, it could contribute to income inequality. The use of robots is on the rise: at this point， every new robot that is installed (安装） displaces 1。6 manufacturing workers on average, according to the Oxford Economic m

4、odel。Robots are becoming cheaper than many human workers, in part because of the falling costs of machines。 And they are increasingly capable of functioning in more complex processes and varied contexts。 On top of that， the demand for manufactured goods is rising.One potential downsize to the robot

5、revolution: automation could increase income inequality。 This great displacement will not be evenly distributed around the world， or within countries，” according to the report. Our research shows that the negative effects of robotization are disproportionately （不成比例地) felt in the lower-income region

6、s compared with higher-income regions of the same country。”The workers who drive knowledge and innovation within the manufacturing industry tend to be concentrated in larger cities, and those skills are harder to automate. Thats why urban areas will deal better with the increased automation， accordi

7、ng to the report。On the whole， the increased use of automation will likely create new jobs at a pace comparable to the jobs that will be lost， which cancels out fears about permanent job destruction， according to the Oxford study. That said, the poorer regions that are expected to lose the most jobs

8、 will probably not benefit equally from this new job creation due to a gap in skills。 That will lead to increased income inequality between cities and rural areas， as well as between regions.1What ”downside does the author mainly discuss？APeople will not be able to find jobs in the future。BRobots wi

9、ll finally take the place of people。CDisplacement by robots will increase income inequality.DRobots are becoming cheaper than many human workers。2What do the workers need to do to compete with robots in the future？ATo make robots help them with the harder work。BTo improve their innovative ability an

10、d knowledge.CTo move to larger cities or more developed countries.DTo make their skills faster and easier to be automated.3What is the main idea of the last paragraph?AThe increased use of automation will create more jobs.BPeople neednt worry about permanent job destruction。CThe poorer countries wil

11、l not benefit from automation。DThe income gap between cities and rural regions will widen。4What can we conclude from the passage?ARobots should be banned in the future because of the disadvantages。BRobots can do more and better than humans in complicated processes.CThe increasing need for manufactur

12、ed goods partly contributes to robotization。DThe negative effects of robotization will be evenly distributed around the world.【答案】1C2B3D4C【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了机器人越来越擅长做人类的工作。这可能对经济有好处,但也有一些严重的负面影响。1细节理解题。根据文章第五段“One potential downsize to the robot revolution: automation could increase income inequalit

13、y.”（机器人革命的一个潜在缩减：自动化可能会加剧收入不平等。）可知，机器人的替代将加剧收入不平等.故选C。2细节理解题。根据文章第六段“The workers who drive knowledge and innovation within the manufacturing industry tend to be concentrated in larger cities， and those skills are harder to automate. Thats why urban areas will deal better with the increased automatio

14、n, according to the report。（在制造业中推动知识和创新的工人往往集中在较大的城市，而这些技能更难实现自动化。报告称，这就是为什么城市地区将更好地应对自动化程度提高的原因。）可知,工人需要提高他们的创新能力和知识，以在未来与机器人竞争。故选B。3主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“That will lead to increased income inequality between cities and rural areas， as well as between regions。”（这将导致城市和农村以及地区之间的收入不平等加剧。)可知,最后一段主要讲述了城乡收入差距

15、进一步扩大。故选D。4推理判断题。根据文章第四段“On top of that, the demand for manufactured goods is rising.（除此之外，对制成品的需求也在上升。)可推知，对制成品日益增长的需求在一定程度上推动了机器人化。故选C。Passage2（2020河北石家庄市石家庄二中高三期中） I was speaking to the faculty (全体教师） at John F. Kennedy Elementary School in Canton, Massachusetts, a couple weeks ago。 I arrived ear

16、ly and decided to take a walk。There was a Little League field nearby. I spotted a sign on the fence .The sign, posted by the Canton Little League, read：PLEASE REMEMBERThese are kids。This is a game。The coaches volunteer.You dont play for the Red Sox (an American professional baseball team)。I had to l

17、augh, especially at the joke about the Red Sox。 But I think the sign is a good reminder to everyone connected with youth sportskids, parents， coaches and the folks who run the leagueswhat is important about the games.First， kids who play are just kids. They are not mini professional athletes。 So you

18、th sports leagues and coaches should take it easy on them. Kids dont need long schedules and lots of faraway games or high-pressure tournaments。Adults should try to set up youth leagues so more kids play with and against kids from nearby schools and neighborhoods. They should make it easier for kids

19、 to play a sport for just a few months so that they can try other sports。 Kids shouldnt play one sport yearround。And everyone should stop worrying about which team wins or loses。 A friend of mine who coached a lot of youth teams once told me, “When you coach kids, its not how many you win or lose， b

20、ut how many sign up for next season.” According to the Aspen Institutes latest “State of Play report， fewer kids are signing up。 Research indicates a smaller percentage of kids ages 6 to 12 (37 percent) are playing team sports on a regular basis than in 2011 （42 percent).The aim of youth sports shou

21、ld be to have fun， learn some skills and enjoy being part of a team. When we lose sight of those simple goals， the games suffer， and the kids stay away.Maybe in 2021 every field or gym where kids play should have a sign like the one in Canton. All you would have to do is change the name of the team.

22、5How might the author feel seeing the sign on the fence？ARelieved。BWorried.CConfident。DDisappointed.6Whats the authors advice for adults?AGo easy on kids.BChoose youth leagues carefully.CEncourage kids to stick to one sport.DMake a yearround schedule for kids.7What can be inferred from the Aspen Ins

23、titutes report?AKids today are less athletic。BFewer youth leagues are being set up.CYouth group sports are losing popularity.DKids are focusing more on succeeding than trying.8What is the author trying to do in the last paragraph?AGive praise.BExpress a wish。COffer sympathy.DShow determination.【答案】5

24、A6A7C8B【分析】这是一篇议论文.作者在一所校园的围墙上看到一家青年运动联盟的牌子，探讨青少年团队体育项目的目的在于参与和开心而不是输赢,不应该过度强调竞技结果。5推理判断题。根据牌子内容的下一段中“But I think the sign is a good reminder to everyone connected with youth sportskids, parents, coaches and the folks who run the leagueswhat is important about the games。”（但是我认为这个标志牌是一个很好的提醒，提醒和青年运动相

25、关的所有人孩子，家长，教练以及经营这些团体的人们,关于运动，最重要的是什么。）由此可知，作者很赞同牌子的内容和意义，再结合选项，作者应该是感到欣慰。故选A。6细节理解题.根据倒数第四段中“They should make it easier for kids to play a sport for just a few months so that they can try other sports。”（成年人应当让孩子们一种运动仅玩几个月这件事更容易点，这样他们可以尝试其他的运动。)由此可知，成年人对孩子应该宽容些,允许他们参与不同的运动，为他们运动提供方便，故选A.7推理判断题。根据倒数第

26、三段中“According to the Aspen Institutes latest “State of Play” report, fewer kids are signing up. Research indicates a smaller percentage of kids ages 6 to 12 （37 percent） are playing team sports on a regular basis than in 2011 （42 percent).”（根据Aspen机构最新“运动状态研究报告，越来越少的孩子报名参加青年运动团体.）研究表明，只有很小的比例37%年龄在6

27、到12岁之间的孩子定期参加团体远动，而这个比例在2011年是42%。由此可知，参加团体体育项目的孩子数量在减少。故选 C。8推理判断题。根据最后一段“Maybe in 2021 every field or gym where kids play should have a sign like the one in Canton. ”（也许在2021年，每一个孩子运动的运动场地都应该有一个像Canton这个机构一样的标牌.）由此可知，这是作者表达的一种个人愿望，希望运动场所都能学习Canton这个机构.故选B。Passage3 （2020山东高三月考） When talking about t

28、he economics of online publishing, the first thing to remember is that job No。 1 isnt to get the news to you. Rather, it is to monetize you, by selling you off, in real time， to the highest bidder. This happens every time you click on a link, before the page has even started to load on your phone。 O

29、nce upon a time, if you and I both visited the same web page at the same time using the same web browser, we would end up seeing the same thing. Today, however, an almost unthinkably enormous ecosystem of scripts and cookies and often astonishingly personal information is used to show you a set of b

30、rand messages and sales links which are tailored almost uniquely to you.That ecosystem raises important questions about privacythe way that the minute you look at a pair of shoes online, for instance， they then start following you around every other website you visit for weeks。 But whether or not yo

31、u value your privacy, you are damaged, daily, by the sheer weight of all that technology。Online ads have never got less annoying over time, and you can be sure that mobile ads are going to get more annoying as well, once Silicon Valley has worked out how to better identify who you are. The move to g

32、reater privacy protections might help slow the pace with which such technologies are adopted. But theres no realistic hope that websites will actually improve from here. If you want to avoid the dreadful experience of the mobile web, youll only have one choicewhich is to start reading your articles

33、natively， in the Facebook or Apple News app。 But it wont be Facebook and Apple who killed the news brands. Itll be ad tech.9What will happen if two people click on the same link today?AThey will immediately get the news that they want。BThey will see the same thing whenever they browse.CThey will see

34、 different brand messages and sales links。DThey will be recommended to the same bidder.10Why can the online ads send you the links unique to you?ABecause the ecosystem knows who you are.BBecause they know how to identify who you are.CBecause you dont care about your privacy。DBecause you always use t

35、he same web browser.11How could we protect our privacy against mobile ads？ABy slowing the pace with such technologies。BBy improving the website functions。CBy stopping using the mobile phones.DBy reading articles in specific apps.12Whats the authors attitude to the ad tech?ANegative.BPositive。CUnconc

36、erned.DOptimistic.【答案】9C10B11D12A【分析】本文是议论文，文章批判智能设备中植入的广告科技给读者带来一系列的隐患，侵犯了人们的隐私。9推理判断题。题干强调的是“today”。根据第一段最后一句“Today， however， an almost unthinkably enormous ecosystem of scripts and cookies and often astonishingly personal information is used to show you a set of brand messages and sales links whi

37、ch are tailored almost uniquely to you”（ 然而，今天,一个几乎无法想象的巨大的脚本和cookie的生态系统，以及经常令人吃惊的个人信息被用来向你显示一组品牌信息和销售链接，这些几乎是为你量身定制的。）可推知，现在如果两个人点击同一链接，他们会看到不同的广告和销售链接，这些广告和信息是依据他们的个人信息推送的，故选C项。10推理判断题，根据第三段“Online ads have never got less annoying over time, and you can be sure that mobile ads are going to get mo

38、re annoying as well， once Silicon Valley has worked out how to better identify who you are.( 在线广告从来没有随着时间的推移变得不那么烦人,而你可以肯定的是，一旦硅谷找到了更好地识别你是谁的方法，移动广告也会变得更烦人。）可知，硅谷（技术）可以更好地确定你的个人信息，因此在线广告能给你发送独特的链接。故选B项。11推理判断题。根据最后一段“If you want to avoid the dreadful experience of the mobile web， youll only have one

39、 choicewhich is to start reading your articles natively， in the Facebook or Apple News app（如果你想避免可怕的移动网络体验，你只有一个选择,那就是开始在Facebook或苹果新闻应用程序上原生阅读你的文章。）可知要想避免链接广告的烦扰只能在某些固定的应用程序上阅读文章，故选D项。12推理判断题。根据整篇文章描述,可判知作者对链接广告很是烦扰，尤其最后一段最后一句“But it wont be Facebook and Apple who killed the news brands. Itll be ad

40、 tech。”（但杀死新闻品牌的不会是Facebook和苹果。它将是广告技术。）可知真正起到破坏作用的是“ad tech,由此推知,作者对此持反对态度，故选A项。Passage4（2020渝中区重庆巴蜀中学高三月考) If there were an app on your phone that could improve your memory， would you try it? Who wouldnt want a better memory? After all， our memories are fragile and can be impaired （损害） by diseases

41、， injuries, mental health conditions and aging.A multibillion-dollar industry for brain training already capitalizes on this perceived need by providing an abundance of apps for phones and tablets that provide mental challenges that are easily accessible and relatively inexpensive。However， brain tra

42、ining has become a controversial attempt。 Some researchers have expressed deep reservations about both its reliability and its validity。 There was even a statement issued calling brain training into question, which, in turn, resulted in a counter response from researchers who defended it。The main co

43、ntroversies center around the extent to which the practice of these skills results in actual benefits that are consequential for your daily life。 Does recalling an increasing number of digits (数字） help you remember to take your medication， do better on a school exam， remember the name of the person

44、whom you met yesterday or even make better life choices?Some scientists question whether this is even possible。 Others argue that we should consider the brain like our muscles， which can be exercised and strengthened。 In this analogy (类比)， daily challenges， even demanding ones such as reading a deta

45、iled newspaper article or solving an algebra problem, might not be sufficiently challenging to furnish an adequate workout for the brain。Just as athletes engage in strength and conditioning by repeatedly exercising certain muscle groups and body systems, targeted repetition of memory exercises may b

46、e the key to strengthening arid conditioning our memory processes. Memory training apps require tracking a large number of objects while one is distracted with a secondary task （such as making mental calculations). That degree of difficulty and repetition, however， may be rare in daily life， which i

47、s the gap that memory apps aim to fill.13What do the underlined words “capitalizes on” in paragraph 2 probably mean?AProvides money for.BTakes advantage of。CTakes notice of.DMakes up for。14What is researchers attitude towards brain training？AThey think it should be totally banned.BThey are optimisti

48、c about its effectiveness。CThey are divided on its practical benefits in real life。DThey agree that it will pose challenges to our daily life。15What does the author suggest in the last two paragraphs？AChallenges in daily life provide enough exercise for the brain.BMemory training apps may help stren

49、gthen our brain.CRegular physical exercise can boost our mental capacity。DBrain training may not achieve its desired effects.16What is the authors purpose of writing this passage？ATo prove the importance of brain training.BTo analyze the benefits and risks of brain training。CTo discuss the reliabili

50、ty of memory training.DTo promote apps that are targeted at memory training.【答案】13B14C15B16C【分析】本文是议论文。作者讨论了大脑训练的可信度。13词句猜测题。从第二段的内容“A multibilliondollar industry for brain training already capitalizes on this perceived need by providing an abundance of apps for phones and tablets that provide menta

51、l challenges that are easily accessible and relatively inexpensive。可知,一个价值数十亿美元的大脑训练产业已经capitalizes on这种感知需求，为手机和平板电脑提供了大量的应用程序,这些应用程序提供了容易获取且相对便宜的心理挑战。根据语境可知，一个数十亿美元的大脑训练产业利用了这种感知需求。由此推知，划线词组意为“利用故选B项。14细节理解题。根据文章第四段的内容“The main controversies center around the extent to which the practice of these

52、skills results in actual benefits that are consequential for your daily life。可知,主要的争议集中在练习这些技巧能给你的日常生活带来多大的实际好处.由此可知，对于它在现实生活中的实际好处,研究者们存在分歧.故选C项。15推理判断题。文章倒数第二段说现实生活中的挑战,不足以为我们的大脑提供足够的训练，结合最后一段“Memory training apps require tracking a large number of objects while one is distracted with a secondary

53、task (such as making mental calculations）。 That degree of difficulty and repetition， however， may be rare in daily life， which is the gap that memory apps aim to fill.”可知,记忆训练应用程序需要追踪大量的物体,而一个人被次要任务分散注意力(比如进行心算).然而，这种难度和重复程度在日常生活中可能很少见，而这正是内存应用程序想要填补的缺口。由此推知，记忆训练应用程序可能有助于增强我们的大脑.故选B项。16推理判断题。根据全文内容可

54、得知，作者讨论了科学界对大脑训练这一做法的有效性的不同态度及其原因。由此可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是为了探讨记忆训练的可靠性.故选C项.Passage5(2019南昌县莲塘第一中学高三月考） The story began with a young mother who had three sons。 Unfortunately， the youngest son developed slow thinking skills, not having the intelligence of his brothers。With double duty as the mother of the ho

55、usehold， she was exhausted， so that the youngest was often the garget of anger and annoyance。 Bad words， such as “you little fool” and the like, served as a daily meal for the youngest。The words and curses he got from the mother and ridicule from friends convinced him that he was distressing and emb

56、arrassing his family。 Every morning he woke up with his own face staring from the mirror reflection, he started to say quietly and sadly， “The fool is going to school.”As adult citizens, there was compulsory military service which should be lived. Thus, the youngest son also signed up and started to

57、 follow the various tests: a medical， physical ability test and other tests。 On the day of the announcement， he was called into the board of examiners.In his mind， he convinced himself that he was the fool and couldnt pass the tests this time as he entered the room with his head down. It was not exp

58、ected at all。 The tests turned out to have the highest praise from the board of examiners。“Congratulations, young man！ Your test results are incredible! You are really a great and talented young man. ”Words from the board of examiners became the discovery of a new side of himself that was not known

59、in advance。 Voice kept echoing in his mind, such as “I, the great man， am in the shower”， “the great man washes his face”， “The talented young man again brushes his teeth and so on. Confidence and improved self-image came beyond usual.20 years later, the youngest established himself as a successful

60、businessman who was admired and respected， and received many awards。The mindset and belief are the power behind the success that is within us. Whatever we think and believe in or mind continuously, it will eventually materialize in reality. Thats the universally applicable law.17Why was the youngest