2021届高考英语二轮复习备考专项冲刺专题16阅读理解一含解析

1、2021届高考英语二轮复习备考专项冲刺专题16阅读理解一含解析2021届高考英语二轮复习备考专项冲刺专题16阅读理解一含解析2021届高考英语二轮复习备考专项冲刺专题16阅读理解一含解析专题16 【阅读理解】解题指导触类旁通寻方法，求策略,掌握“套路”掌握四种题型选项特征,快速阅读不失分一理解文中具体信息细节理解题阅读理解【细节理解题】满分攻略命题趋势:通过语句的同义或反义转换来考察考生对文章的理解能力。答题技巧1.定位法小标题定位法：根据题干关键词和文章小标题信息，快速定位有效信息所在区域。关键信息定位法：利用标志词，如专有名词、序数词、数字等来定位。首尾句定位法：适用于主题句鲜明的文章。同

2、义定位法：根据题干关键词，在原文中定位其同义词。2.查读法先看题干，带着问题去阅读文章,从而快而准地锁定目标信息。3。排除法通过文章整体意思来判定难以抉择的选项.命题规律1。考察内容时间、地点、人物、事件。议论文中的例证。数字类:时间、年龄、金额、数量等。原因和结果。定义类2。考察题型直接理解题：在原文中可直接找到答案。语意转化题:需将题目信息和原文信息进行语意转换，加工或处理.数字计算题:直接考查或计算考查.图表图画题：理解图中暗含信息，按图索骥.3。题干设置特殊疑问句形式：以when、where、what、which、who等疑问词开头引出的问题。判断是非的形式：Not true或EXCE

3、PT 等的判断是非的问题，要注意题干中是否有not never 等否定词。以“According to.。”开头的提问形式。4.正确选项特点原文同义替换词性、语态变化.语言简化。正话反说。5。干扰项特点扩缩范围 张冠李戴 正误并存 无中生有望文生义 偷换概念 文不对题考点突破针对提能明考点，攻重难,有效提升熟记高频词 突破阅读理解词汇障碍高考英语考前必背570个高频词第 一 组第 二 组1.accelerate vt。 加速；促进2.absolute adj。绝对的；无条件的；完全的3。liberal adj. 慷慨的;丰富的；自由的4。transport vt。运输;运送 n。 运输;运输工

4、具5.mild adj. 温暖的；暖和的;温柔的6。tender adj。 温柔的；脆弱的7。nuisance n。损害;妨害;讨厌(的人或事物）8.insignificant adj。无意义的；无足轻重的9。export n。 出口（物） v. 出口,输出10. import n。 进口（物) v. 进口,输入11. impose vt。 把。.。加强(on)；采用;利用12. religion n. 宗教；宗教信仰13。burst vi./n. 突然发生;爆裂14。dispose vi。 除掉;处置;解决;处理(of）15.blast n。 爆炸;气流 vi. 炸,炸掉16.consume

5、 v. 消耗；耗尽17。split v. 劈开;割裂；分裂 adj.裂开的18。spit v. 吐（唾液等）；唾弃19.spill v。 溢出;溅出；倒出20。 extinct adj. 绝灭的;熄灭的21.slide v. 滑动；滑落 n。 滑动;幻灯片22.bacteria n。 细菌23。breed n。 种;品种 v。 繁殖；产仔24.budget n. 预算 v。 编预算；作安排25。candidate n。 候选人26。campus n. 校园27.transform v. 转变；变革;变换28.transmit v。 传播;播送；传递29.transplant v. 移植30.s

6、hift v。 转移；转动；转变31.vary v. 变化;改变；使多样化32.vanish vi。 消灭;不见33。swallow v。 吞下；咽下 n. 燕子34.suspicion n。 怀疑；疑心35.suspicious adj. 怀疑的；可疑的36。boundary n。 分界线；边界37。catalog n。 目录(册） v。 编目38.vague adj. 模糊的;不明确的39.vain n. 徒劳；白费40.extraordinary adj. 不平常的；非凡的41.agent n. 代理人;代理商;动因;原因42。alcohol n。 含酒精的饮料;酒精43.appeal

7、n。/vi. 呼吁；恳求44.appreciate vt。 重视；赏识；欣赏45。approve v。 赞成；同意；批准46.stimulate vt。 刺激；激励47.acquire vt. 取得;获得；学到48。accomplish vt 。完成；到达；实行work n. 网状物;电视网；网络50。tide n。 潮汐；潮流51.wander vi. 漫游；闲逛52。wax n. 蜡53.weave v。 织；编54.preserve v。 保护；保存;保持；维持55. abuse v. 滥用；虐待;谩骂56. academic adj.学术的；研究院的57。 academy n. （高等

8、）专科院校；学会58。 battery n. 电池（组）59. barrier n. 障碍；棚栏60。 cargo n. （船、飞机等装载的)货物第 三 组第 四 组61。 career n。 生涯；职业62. vessel n. 船舶；容器;器皿;血管63. vertical adj. 垂直的64. obscure adj。 阴暗；模糊65。 extent n。 程度；范围;大小；限度66。 external adj. 外部的；外表的；外面的67。 petrol n. 汽油68。 petroleum n. 石油69。 delay vt./n. 推迟；延误；耽搁70。 decay vi. 腐烂

9、；腐朽71。 decent adj. 像样的；体面的72. bother v. 打搅；麻烦73.interfere v. 干涉；干扰；妨碍74。 sake n。 缘故；理由75。 satellite n。 卫星76. temple n. 庙宇77。 tedious adj。 乏味的；单调的78. tend vi.易于;趋向79. tendency n.趋向；趋势80。 ultimate adj。 极端的；最大的；最终的81. adopt v。 收养；采用；采纳82。 adapt vi. 适应，适合；改编 vt。 使适应83。 bachelor n. 学士;学士学位；单身汉84. casual

10、adj. 偶然的;碰巧的;非正式的85。 trap n. 陷阱，圈套 v. 设陷阱捕捉86。 vacant adj. 空的；未占用的87. vacuum n。 真空；真空吸尘器88. oral adj. 口头的；口述的89. optics n. （单、复数同形）光学90. organ n. 器官；风琴91。 excess n. 过分;过量；过剩92。 expel v. 驱逐;开除；赶出93. expend v。 消费94。 expenditure n。 支出；消费;经费95. expense n. 开销;费用96。 expensive adj. 花钱多的;价格高贵的97。 private ad

11、j。 私人的；个人的98。 individual adj。个别的;单独的 n。 个人99. personal adj.个人的；私人的；亲自的100. personnel n。 总称人员；员工101。 the Pacific Ocean 太平洋102。 the Atlantic Ocean 大西洋103. the Arctic Ocean 北冰洋104。 the Antarctic Ocean 南冰洋105. grant vt。 授予；同意;准予106. grand adj. 宏伟大；壮丽的；重大的107. invade v。 侵入；侵略；侵袭108。 acid n. 酸；酸性物质 adj。 酸

12、的109. acknowledge v。 承认；致谢110。 balcony n. 阳台111. calculate vt. 计算;核算112. calendar n. 日历；月历113. optimistic adj. 乐观114. optional adj. 可以任选的；非强制的115。 outstanding adj。 杰出的；显著的116。 religious adj. 宗教的117。 victim n. 牺牲品；受害者118。internal adj。 内部的；国内的119. videotape n。 录像磁带 v。 录像120. offend v. 冒犯；触犯第 五 组第 六 组1

13、21. favorable adj. 称赞道；有利的122。submit vi。（to）屈服；听从123.timber n。 木材；原木124。 beforehand adv. 预先;事先125。 racial adj。 人种的种族的126. radiation n. 放射物；辐射127. radical adj。根本的；激进的128。 range n. 范围 v.（在某范围内）变动129. wonder n。惊奇；奇迹 v。对。感到疑惑130。 isolate vt。 使隔离；使孤立131. issue n。 问题；发行；（报刊）一期132。 hollow adj. 空的;中空的；空腹的13

14、3。 hook n。 钩 vt。 钩住134。 adequate adj。 适当的；充足的135. adhere vi. 粘附;附着；遵守；坚持136. ban n. 禁令 vt. 取缔;禁止137. capture vt. 俘虏；捕获138. valid adj. 有效的；正当的139。 valley n。 山谷;峡谷140。 consistent adj. 一致的；始终如一的141。 continuous adj.继续的；连续（不断）的142。 continual adj. 不断地；频繁的143。 explode v. 爆炸；爆发；激增144. exploit v. 剥削；利用;开采145

15、. explore v。 勘探146. explosion n。 爆炸；爆发；激增147。 explosive adj。 爆炸的;易引起争论的148。 remote adj. 遥远的;偏僻的149. removal n。 除去；消除150。 render vt. 使得；致使151。 render vt. 呈递; 归还；汇报；实施152. precaution n。 预防；防备；警惕153。 idle adj。 懒散的;无所事事的154. identify vt. 认出；鉴定155。 identify n。 身份；个性；特性156。 poverty n。 贫穷157. resistant adj

16、。 （to）抵抗的;抗。的;耐。.的158. resolve vt。 解决；决定；决意159。 barrel n。 桶160。 bargain n. 便宜货 vi. 讨价还价161。 coarse adj. 粗的;粗糙的；粗劣的162. coach n. 教练；长途公共汽车163。 code n。 准则;法规；密码164. coil n。 线圈 v。 卷；盘绕165。ridge n. 脊;山脊；埂166. rigid adj. 严格的；僵硬的167。 advertise v. 为.。做广告168。 advertisement n. 广告169. agency n。 代理商;经销商170. fo

17、rbid vt。 不许；禁止171. debate n。/v。 辩论;争论172. debt n。欠债173。 decade n。十年174。 enclose vt. 围住;把。.装入信封175。 encounter vt./n. 遭遇；遭到176。 globe n. 地球;世界;地球仪177。sacrifice vt.牺牲 n。牺牲；祭品178. scan vt。 细看;扫描；浏览179。 scandal n。 丑事；丑闻180. significance n。 意义；重要性2021年高考英语【阅读理解】题型强化训练一解析版跟踪检测迁移应用练模拟，练规范，夯基提能 2021年高考英语【阅读理

18、解】题型强化训练一解析版Test 1Brits are extremely bad at languages， with many of us relying on the fact that the rest of the world speak English。 Only half（51) are able to speak a second language to any standard and as more people travel abroad, this is becoming an increasing regret, according to a new study。Al

19、most twothirds(62%） of UK adults wish they were better at speaking languages. So they can better understand a citys culture（38 of respondents)， talk with locals（24） and go beyond the guide book（21）Overcoming language barriers can be one of the most difficult parts of a holiday， particularly when in

20、unfamiliar surroundings。 So stressful in the fact that 10 of respondents said they didnt travel because of the problem.The survey by Hostelworld showed that one in five blamed getting lost on the language barrier, while a similar number had problems ordering food and one in ten got on the wrong trai

21、n， plane or other form of transportation.If languages werent an issue then one in eight(12%） Brits would visit Japan。 China, Italy and Russia were also popular choices。 Despite the communication problem， Japan has seen a 7。5 increase in the number of British visitors between January and April, compa

22、red to this time last year。“The number of British travelers to Japan has been growing year on year,” according to Hollie Mantle， marketing and communication manager for the Japanese Tourist Board. “People are realizing that Japan is one of the most hospitable and beautiful countries on earth， with s

23、o many new experiences for travelers to try， not to mention worldclass cuisine！They had this message for Brits thinking about visiting：“Though some travelers worry about language barriers， as soon as you arrive in Japan, youll realize that people will go out of their way to help you enjoy their coun

24、try。 There really are few barriers-road signs and train stations are in English， youll find that people speak more English than they let on, and even when they dont, they will go above and beyond to help you out.1What do we know from the first two paragraphs？ABrits are poor at languages。BBrits regre

25、t what they have done。CBrits like relying on others。DBrits are good at languages。2How many Brits cant order food correctly because of language barriers?AAbout 10。BAbout 12%。CAbout 20%. DAbout 21。3How is the text mainly developed？ABy analyzing causes。BBy giving examples.CBy making description。DBy lis

26、ting data。【解题导语】本文主要介绍了语言障碍成为英国人出国旅游的一大顾虑。1A解析:推理判断题。根据第一段第一句“Brits(英国人) are extremely bad at languages， with many of us relying on the fact that the rest of the world speak English。”点题，并结合对前两段的整体理解可推知，英国人的语言能力比较差,故选A。2C解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“The survey by Hostelworld showed that one in five blamed gettin

27、g lost on the language barrier, while a similar number had problems ordering food”可知，1/5即20%的英国人因为语言障碍不能正确点餐，故选C。3D解析:写作手法题.根据对文章的整体理解可知，本文列举了大量的数据来论证作者的观点，由此可推知,本文是通过列出数据来展开的，故选D.Test 2Robert Frost（18741963） was the statesman of American letters in the twentieth century, a rare national poet who wa

28、s read and respected by both university professors and everyday citizens。 In his life， Frost won four Pulitzer Prizes for his worksmore than any other poet in American history. His most famous poems include The Road Not Taken, Fire and Ice and Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening。 Though he is widel

29、y read， Frost is also one of the most misunderstood writers in the United States for the complexity of his poems.Though born in California， Frost was brought up in New England， where he is inseparably linked。 After dropping out of Dartmouth College to seek his literary dream, he remained upset for y

30、ears, producing collections of works but failing to get enough of them published to make his efforts financially worthwhile. Finally, Frost left the United States in 1912 to see whether his work might be better received in London。 It was, and in 1913 his first full collection was published in Great

31、Britain。 Fellow American poet Amy Lowell adored Frosts work and brought it back to the United States, publicizing it insistently。 Soon afterwards Frosts collections became bestsellers， and he became a famous figure。From then on, Frost was on his way to the lifelong respect and recognition for his ac

32、hievements in poetry. In 1961, he was invited to read a poem for the presidential inauguration(总统就职典礼） of John FKennedy. He recited his poem， The Gift Outright， from memory at the ceremony。 This was perhaps his last poetry reading in front of a wide national audience before his death in 1963。More im

33、portantly， Frost became the first poet to read a poem at a presidential inauguration.1What makes Frost “the statesman of American letters”？AThe comments of other writers。BHis literary achievements。CThe complexity of his poems。DHis political activities。2What do we know about Frost before 1912?AHe con

34、tinued writing after his graduation from Dartmouth College.BHe was well received in London for his first collection。CHe failed to make much money with his publication.DHe produced enough works to achieve literary success.3According to the passage， what brought Frost immediate success in the US?AThe

35、literary value of his poetry。BThe publication of his first collection.CThe invitation from John FKennedy。DThe recommendation by Amy Lowell.4Which of the following would be the best title for the passage？AThe Literary Life of Robert Frost：An OverviewBRobert Frost and the Twentieth CenturyCRobert Fros

36、t：A Historical FigureDThe Popularity of Robert Frost【解题导语】文章主要介绍了美国伟大的诗人Robert Frost的文学生涯。1B解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“a rare national poet who was read and respected by both university professors and everyday citizens。.。in American history”可知,他的文学成就很高。故选B项。2C解析:细节理解题。根据第二段中的“but failing to get enough of them

37、 published to make his efforts financially worthwhile”可知，当时Frost没能靠写作挣到很多钱。3D解析:细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Fellow American poet Amy Lowell adored Frosts work and brought it back to the United States， publicizing it insistently。.a famous figure。”可知,美国诗人Amy Lowell喜欢Frost的作品，并把它带去了美国进行宣传，这使得Frost在美国迅速取得成功，故选D项.4A解析

38、:标题归纳题。本文介绍了美国伟大的诗人Robert Frost的文学生涯。A选项意为“Robert Frost的文学生涯概述”,能概括文意,故选A项。Test 3Air pollution shortens human lives by more than a year, according to a new study from a team of leading environmental engineers and public health researchers。 Better air quality could lead to a significant extension of

39、lifespans(寿命) around the world.It is the first time that data on air pollution and the lifespan has been studied together in order to check how air pollution affects overall life expectancy。The researchers looked at outdoor air pollution from particulate matter（PM）（颗粒物） smaller than 2.5 microns。 The

40、se particulates can enter deep into the lungs, and breathing PM 2.5 is associated with the increased risk of heart attacks, strokes and cancer。 PM 2。5 pollution comes from power plants， cars and trucks， fires, agriculture and industrial emissions（排放物)Led by Joshua Apte, the team used data from the G

41、lobal Burden of Disease Study to measure PM 2.5 air pollution exposure and its consequences in 185 countries。 They then quantified the national impact on life expectancy for each individual country as well as on a global scale。“The fact that air pollution is a major global killer is already wellknow

42、n， said Apte. “And we all care about how long we can live. Here, we were able to systematically identify how air pollution shortens lives around the world. What we found is that air pollution has a very large effect on survivalon average about a year globally。”In the context of other significant phe

43、nomena negatively affecting human survival rates， Apte said this is a big number。 “For example， its considerably larger than the benefit in survival we might see if we found cures for both lung and breast cancer combined,” he said. “In countries like India and China, the benefit for elderly people o

44、f improving air quality would be especially large. For much of Asia, if air pollution were removed as a risk for death, 60.yearolds would have a 15 percent to 20 percent higher chance of living to age 85 or older.”1What do we know about PM 2。5？AIt has a bad effect on human health。BIt will be control

45、led in the future.CIt mainly comes from industrial emissions。DIt spreads to the world from Asian countries。2What did the researchers do to study how air pollution affects the lifespan?AThey collected accurate information from all the Asian countries。BThey employed the research data to calculate the

46、effect.CThey studied the disease and lifespan together time and time again.DThey measured particulate matter much more carefully than before.3What can be inferred from the text？AThe key to people living longer is good air quality.BPeople think air pollution is the most dangerous killer to them。CApte

47、 will agree that people should take action to deal with air pollution.DFactories should decrease the production of cars to stop air pollution。4What is the best title for the text?AThe Way Human Beings Enjoy a Longer LifespanBThe Importance of Getting Rid of Air PollutionCAsian People Are Suffering f

48、rom Serious Air PollutionDAir Pollution Reduces the Lifespan by More than One Year【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。研究表明，良好的空气质量有益于延长寿命,但是空气污染使得细颗粒物进入人体肺部，导致心脏病、癌症、中风发病率升高，从而影响人的寿命.1A解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“These particulates can enter deep into the lungs， and breathing PM 2。5 is associated with the increased risk of heart

49、attacks， strokes and cancer.”可知，PM 2.5影响人体健康,故A项正确。2B解析：细节理解题。根据第二段“It is the first time that data on air pollution and the lifespan has been studied together in order to check how air pollution affects overall life expectancy。”可知,这是首次将空气污染和寿命数据结合起来研究，以查明空气污染如何影响总体预期寿命。故B项正确。3C解析：推理判断题。根据尾段的内容,尤其是“I

50、n countries like India and China， the benefit for elderly people of improving air quality would be especially large。”可知，Apte认为改善空气质量对老年人有好处。据此可推知，他会同意人们采取措施应对空气污染,故C项正确。4D解析:标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章第一段第一句“Air pollution shortens human lives by more than a year, according to a new study from a team of leading

51、environmental engineers and public health researchers。”为全文的主题句，结合全文内容可知，文章通过介绍科学研究,说明空气污染导致人的寿命减少一年以上。故D项最适合作本文的标题。Test 4Emilia Dobek traces her interest in space and the universe back to third grade when she and her father watched a blood moona total lunar eclipse （月食)on the roof of their house。Now

52、 a seventh grader at East Prairie Elementary School, Dobek recently won the national Discovery Education Lockheed Martin Beyond Challenge by designing a space station for travelling to Mars.She says that night watching the lunar eclipse started a strong desire in her that has yet to run out of fuel.

53、 So when her teacher Andrea Smeeton received information about the national challenge, Smeeton said she immediately had one student in mind。“I knew she would love the challenge and that she would go way beyond in her search,” Smeeton said。 “She immediately started researching bone density （密度） of as

54、tronauts and how to have food on Mars。”“My design will ensure the safety of the astronauts but also make sure their comfort is out of this world,” Dobek says。Dobeks design calls for building the MSS or Mars Storage Station to put the supplies in. It also includes the SGF or Self。Growing Farm, and sh

55、e details how it would work with the elements on Mars.Then there is physical and leisure activity for the astronauts under Dobeks design. A simulator （模拟装置） allows astronauts to choose their exercise machine and virtual reality environment. Rooms have circular ceilings so astronauts will be able to

56、watch downloaded shows and even see places on Earth， such as their homes。“I want to tell other kids to follow their passions，” Dobek said。 “Whatever they want to do， they should push for it and always try their best.”1Dobek first became interested in space when _Ashe was still a seventh graderBshe s

57、tudied at a junior high schoolCshe lived on the top of their houseDshe watched an eclipse of the moon2Smeeton recommended that Dobek take the challenge because _Ashe knew Dobek liked challenges in lifeBshe had no other students interested in MarsCDobek knew how to research bone density of astronauts

58、Dshe was sure that Dobek would have outstanding performance3What does Dobek focus on when designing the space station？AThe environment on Mars。BThe safety of the supplies.CThe activities for astronauts.DThe comfort of the astronauts。【解题导语】本文主要介绍了小学生Emilia Dobek设计太空站,并赢得挑战的相关内容.1D解析:细节理解题。根据第一段“Emili

59、a Dobek traces her interest in space and the universe back to third grade when she and her father watched a blood moona total lunar eclipse（月食）on the roof of their house.”可知,Dobek对太空感兴趣是从她三年级时的一个晚上观看一次月食开始的.2D解析：推理判断题。根据第四段Smeeton的话可推知，她对Dobek很了解，对其可以接受这项挑战并出色完成充满信心.3D解析：推理判断题。根据文章第五段中的“make sure th

60、eir comfort is out of this world”并结合对倒数第二段的整体理解可推知，Dobek的设计包含身体和休闲活动，让宇航员在太空中也能感到舒适.Test 5A new chapter opened in mankinds exploration of the moon on Thursday morning as the first probe (航天探测器） to land on the moons far side reached its destination after a 26。day journey。 The Change 4 lunar probe, re