2022牛津译林版高考专题之虚拟语气

1、一、知识结构二、知识点考点分析1.定义：英语中的语气分为陈述语气、 HYPERLINK /item/%E7%A5%88%E4%BD%BF%E8%AF%AD%E6%B0%94/8041944 t /item/%E8%99%9A%E6%8B%9F%E8%AF%AD%E6%B0%94/_blank 祈使语气、虚拟语气、疑问语气和感叹语气五类。虚拟语气是说话者用来表示假设，或难以实现的情况，而非客观存在的事实，所陈述的是一个 HYPERLINK /item/%E6%9D%A1%E4%BB%B6/1783021 t /item/%E8%99%9A%E6%8B%9F%E8%AF%AD%E6%B0%94/_

2、blank 条件，不一定是事实，甚至完全与事实相反。此外如需表达主观愿望或某种强烈的感情时，也可用虚拟语气。虚拟语气通过 HYPERLINK /item/%E8%B0%93%E8%AF%AD%E5%8A%A8%E8%AF%8D/5990666 t /item/%E8%99%9A%E6%8B%9F%E8%AF%AD%E6%B0%94/_blank 谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。2.重点：注意主句和从句中动词形式的变化3.虚拟语气用法：（一）虚拟语气用于条件句if条件句条件句可分为两类：一类是真实性条件句，该类条件句所表示的假设是可能会发生的，故不需用虚拟语气；另一类为非真实条件句，其表示的是与事实相

3、反或者不大可能发生的情况，故需用虚拟语气。表示的情况从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式例句与现在事实相反动词的过去式(be动词用were)should/would/could/might+动词原形If I knew English,I would go aboard to further my study.与过去事实相反had+过去分词should/would/could/might+have+过去分词If I had got up early, I wouldnt have been late for school与将来事实相反1.动词的过去式2.wereto+动词原形3.should+动词原形s

4、hould/would/could/might+动词原形If I were to do it,I should do it at once.注意：主句中的would可以用于各种人称，但是should只用于第一人称省略if的条件句当虚拟语气条件从句中出现were/had/should时，从句中if可省略，并将were/had/should置于句首，形成部分倒装。e.g. Had we know it,we would not have made a serious mistake like this. 注意：1.若省略if的条件从句中出现否定词not，则不能用动词的缩写形式，而且不能将否定词no

5、t提前。e.g. Were it not for the rain, we would go swimming together.2.在同一句子中不能将真实条件句和非真实条件句混用。e.g.If my parents come next week,I should stay home alone.(错误)错综时间条件句当条件从句和主句结果发生的时间出现不一致的情况时，需要对动词进行调整。e.g.If it hadnt rain so much, the farmers in this village would have a great harvest.含蓄条件句有事假设情况并不以if条件句进

6、行表现，而是借助介词、介词短语或其他形式来表达。常考的有：without/thanks to/but for/or/otherwise等。e.g. Without the sun and water, everything would die.（二）虚拟语气用于名词性从句主语从句在its+表示要求、建议或命令等意思的形容词或分词形式+主语从句结构中，主语从句要用虚拟语气：should(可省略)+V.原。常见的词有：better/desired/advised/demanded/ordered/required/urgent/vital等，也可以是固定结构如：its a pity./its a

7、wonder./its a shame等。e.g. Its so necessary that you (should) begin to finish the work immediately.宾语从句1.在表建议、愿望、要求、请求、安排、命令、决定等动词引导的宾语从句中需要用虚拟语气：should(可省略)+V.原。常见的词有：ask/require/insist/suggest/recommend/desire/decide/command/order等。e.g. He demanded that the homework (should) be written again.2.wish

8、+宾语从句表示的情况宾语从句谓语形式与现在事实相反一般过去式（be动词用were）与过去事实相反had+过去分词将来不太可能发生的事would/should+动词原形注意：hope/expected/supposed后面接宾语从句时一般表示的是可能实现的愿望，而had hoped/expected/supposed则表示希望、设想、预期而未实现的过去动作，宾语从句要用：would+动词原形。e.g. I had hoped my parents would attend the party.3.would rather/had rather/would sooner+宾语从句e.g. I wo

9、uld rather you had seen the concert yesterday.表语从句和同位语从句在表建议、愿望、要求、请求、安排、命令、决定等意思的名词后的表语从句或者是同位语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气。常见的有：advice/decision/idea/planproposal/suggestion/requirement/opinion/direction/policy等。e.g. They made the requirement that the problem (should) be solved right away.（三）其他虚拟语气句型as if/as thou

10、gh/even though/even if+方式状语从句/表语从句表示的情况从句谓语形式与现在事实相反一般过去式（be动词用were）与过去事实相反had+过去分词与可能发生的事相反would/should+动词原形e.g. You speak as though you were the leader.in case/for fear that/in order that/lest/so that+目的状语从句这类状语从句表示担心或忧虑，谓语动词用“could/should（可省略）/might/would+动词原形”,表示虚拟。e.g. She examined the door aga

11、in for fear that a thief should come in.its(high/about) time+定语从句（早该做某事）动词形式：动词过去式或should（不可以省略）+动词原形e.g. It is high time youcleanedyour room.if only引导的感叹句表示要是.就好了，但愿.，无需倒装。用法类似wish在虚拟语气中的用法。e.g. If only I were a fish.表祝愿e.g. May you enjoy many years of health and happiness！真题演练1.(2018江苏,27)There is

12、 a good social life in the village, and I wish Ia second chance to become more involved.A.hadB.will haveC.would have hadD.have had2.(2017江苏,22)not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty.A.It wereB.Were itC.It wasD.Was it3.(2016江苏,27)If it for his invitation the other day,I should not be here now.A.had not beenB.should not beC.were not to beD.should not have been4.(2015江苏,28)It mi