高考阅读破题专题-推理判断

1、高考阅读破题专题推理判断.考查方式：It can be inferred from the passage that.The writer suggests that.Which of the following conclusions can we draw from the passage? 等等。.解题方法：通过文章提供的事实结合自己的常识进行合乎逻辑的推理判断，分析事实，体会“弦外之音”。忠于原文但是要不同于原文。.难点：在已给事实的上下文中找线索，结合自己的常识容易主观臆断。. “陷阱”！(1)主观臆断：有些选项非常吻合考生的心理和常识，却不是根据文章得来。(2)完全相同的事实：推理

2、判断必须是推理出来的，不能是和原文完全相同的表达。(3)虚张声势：推断的结果与原文相距甚远，没有确切根据。(4)亦真亦假：将文章中的信息留一半真，造一半假。(5)张冠李戴：将文章内容胡乱糅合拼凑，张冠李戴。.真题解析：(1)写作目的或文章出处类 推理判断题例题1.2014年北京卷一D篇第4题The main purpose of the passage is to.A. compare and evaluateB. examine and assessC. argue and discussD. inform and explainDStore scent (香味)(348 words)Wha

3、t is the first thing you notice when you walk into a shop? The products displayed ( 展示)at the entrance ?Or the soft background music ?But have you ever notice the smell? Unless it is bad, the answer is likely to be no. But while a shopmay not be outstanding compared with sights and sounds, it is cer

4、tainly there. And it is providing to be an increasing powerful tool in encouraging people to purchase.A brand store has become famous for its distinctive scent which floats through the fairly dark hall and out to the entrance, via scent machines. A smell may be attractive but it may not just be used

5、 for freshening air. One sports goods company once reported that when it first introduced scent into its stores, customers intension to purchase increased by 80 percent.When it comes to the best shopping streets in Pairs, scent is just as important to a brand s success as tquality of its window disp

6、lays and goods on sales. That is mainly because shopping is a very different experience to what it used to be.Some years ago, the focus for br and name shopping was on a few people with sales assistants disprcattitude and don -toubMwhat-you- can -afford displays. Now the rise of electronic commerce

7、(e-commerce) has opened up famous brands to a wider audience. But while e-shops can use sights and sounds, only bricks-and-mortar stores (实体店)can offer a full experience from the minute customers step through the door to the moment they leave. Another brand store seeks to be much more than a shop, b

8、ut rather a destination. And scent is just one way to achieve this.Now a famous store uses complex man-made smell to make sure that the soft scent of baby powder floats through the kid department, and coconut (椰子)scent in the swimsuit section. A department store has even opened a new lab, inviting c

9、 ustomers on a journey into the store s windows to smell books, pots and drawers, insearch of their perfect scent. 思考：inform ? compare? argue? discuss? 进一步,黑考：compare? ? ? argue? ? ? discuss? ? ?下一段思考：examplef explain再下一段思考：examplefexplain再再下一段思考：examplefexplain最后一段思考：examplefexplain(2)观点态度类推理判断题例题2

10、. 2014年浙江省 D篇 第1题Watching the boys playing baseball , the writer must have felt.A. bitter and lonelyB. special and differentC. pleased and excited D. disturbed and annoyedD(651 words)A city c hild s summer is spent in the street in front of his home, and all through the long summer vacations Isat on

11、 the edge of the street and watched enviously the other boys on the block play baseball. I was never asked to lake part even when one team had a member missing - not out of special cruelty, but because they took it for granted I would be no good at it. They were right, of course.I would never forget

12、 the wonderful evening when something changed. The baseball ended about eight or eight thirty when it grew dark. Then it was the custom of the boys to retire to a little stoop （ 廊）that stuck out from the candy store on the comer and that somehow had become theirs. No grownup ever sat there or attemp

13、ted to. There the boys would sit, mostly talking about the games played during the day and of the game to be played tomorrow. Then long silences would fall and the boys would wander off one by one. It was just after one of those long silences that my life as an outsider changed. I can no longer reme

14、mber which boy it was that summer evening who broke the silence with a question but whoever he was , I nod to him gratefully now. Whats in those books you re always reading?” he asked casually. Stories, II 十Wwekedd? II asked somebody else without much interest.Nor do I know what drove me to behave a

15、s I did, for usually I just sat there in silence , glad enough to be allowed to remain among them, but instead of answering his question , I told them for two hours the story I was reading at the moment. The book was Sister Carrie. They listened bug-eyed and breathless. I must have told it well, but

16、 I think there was another and deeper reason that made them so keen an audience. Listening to a tale being told in the dark is one of the most ancient of man s entertainments, hut I was offering them as well, without being aware of doing it, a new and exciting experience.The books they themselves re

17、ad were the Rover Bays or Tom Swift or G . A. Henry. I had read them too ， but at thirteen I had long since left them behind. Since I was much alone I had become an enthusiastic reader and I had gone through the books - for - boys - series. In those days there was no reading material between childre

18、n s grownups books, or I could find none. I had gone right from Tom Swift and His Flying Machine to Theodore Dreiser and Sister Carrie. Dreiser had hit my young mind, and they listened to me tell the story with some of the wonder that I had had in reading it.The next night and many nights thereafter

19、, a kind of unspoken ritual（仪式）took place. As it grew dark, Iwould take my place in the center of the stoop and begin the eveningSome night s, in tareer to taste myvictory more completely, I cheated. I would stop at the most exciting part of a story by Jack London or Bret Harte, and without warning

20、tell them that that was as far as I had gone in the book and it would have to be continued the following evening. It was not true, of course ; but I had to make certain of my new-found power and position. I enjoyed the long summer evenings until school began in the all. Other words of mine have been

21、 listened to by larger and more fashionable audiences, but for that tough and athletic one that sat close on the stoop outside the candy store, I have an unreasoning love that will last forever.关键信息词：watching, playing baseball例题3. 2014年安徽省 E篇第4题 75. The author s attitude towards Ashoka s program can

22、 be described as A. changing B. forgiving C. cautious D. positiveE （328 words）You may not have heard of Ashoka, but for the past 27 years, this association, founded by Bill Drayton, has fought poverty （贫穷）and sickness, promoted education and encouraged small businesses. To support these worthy cause

23、s, Ashoka provides money for the world s most promising change makers seekHgo solurgent problems and would like to create a world in which every citizen is a change maker.Drayton believes that anyone can become an agent for change. The important thing is to simply give yourself permission. If you se

24、e a problem that you care about, you can help solve it. The young in particular are willing to accept this concept because at heart every child wants to grow into a happy, healthy, contributing adult. In fact, it is many young people s ambition to set up programmes or businessdanthraive social condi

25、tions. An excellent example is an Ashoka project started in 1995 in Dhaka, which handled the rubbish problem facing the city, helped local farmers and provided an income for poor people there.When Masqsood and Iftekhar began to study the problem of all the uncollected rubbish that lay in Dhaka stree

26、ts, attracting rats and disease, they discovered that 80% of it was natural waste. So they educated the poor people in the city to compost （ 把制成堆月巴）this waste. They knew that they would have a market for the endproduct because local farmers were struggling with chemical fertilizers （化月巴）which were e

27、xpensive and had reduced the natural minerals in the soil over the years. At first, they were refused, but once they were able to persuade them that there was money to be made , the project took off. In 2009 sales were $14,000.Drayton is optimistic that in ten years Ashoka will be making really seri

28、ous, practical progress in bringing about social change by changing the way we look at economic development.关键词：attitude, Ashoka s program（3）隐含意思类推断题例题4. 2014年辽宁卷D篇第3题（最后一题）What can we infer from the passage?A. G & G has grown into a large company.B. G & G will spend half its profits training employ

29、ees.C. G & G may become more successful in the future. D. G & G has to produce more workbooks for managers.D （306 words）Travis is the manager of G & G where he is responsible for forty employees（ 雇员）and profits（利润）of over $2 million per year. He s never late to work. He does not get upset on the job

30、. When one of his employees started crying after a customer screamed at her, Travis took her away. -Your working uniform is your shelter, II he told her. -Nothing anyone says will ever hurt you. You will always be as strong as you want to be. IITravis picked up that lecture in one of his G &G traini

31、ng courses, an education program that began on his first day and continues throughout an employee s occupation. The training has, Travis says, changed his life. G & G has taught him how to live, how to focus, how to get to work on time, and how to master his emotions（ 情绪）. Most importantly, it taugh

32、t him willpower.At the center of that education is an extreme focus on an all-important habit: willpower. Dozens of cases show that willpower is the single most important habit for a person s success.And the best way to strengthen willpower is to make it into a habit.-Sometimes it looks like people

33、withgreat self-control aren t working hardbut that s because they ve made it automatic, II Angela Duckworth, one of the University of Pennsylvania researchers said,-Their willpower occurs without them having to think aboutit. IIThe company spent millions of dollars developing programs of study to tr

34、ain employees on self-control. Managers wrote workbooks that serve as guides to how to make willpower a habit in workers lives. Those courses are, in part, why G&G has grown from a sleepy company into a large one with more than seventeen thousand stores and profits of more than $10 billion a year.关键

35、词：A （尾段）B （尾段第一句话）C （难以回文定位）D （张冠李戴：主宾颠倒）真题演练：（1） 2015全国卷（2） -B篇第1题The text is especially helpful for those who care about _ -_.their home comfortstheir body shapehouse buying D. healthy dietsB（330 词）Your house may have an effect on your figure. experts say the way you design your home could play a

36、role in whether you pack on the pounds or keep them off. you can make your environment work for you instead of against you. Here are some ways to turn your home into part of your diet plan.Open the curtains and turn up the lights. dark environments are more likely to encourage overeating, forpeople

37、are often less self-conscious（难为情）when they re in poorly lit placesand so more -likely to eat lots offood. If your home doesnt have enough window light, get more lamhdie place with brightness.Mind the colors. Research suggests warm colors fuel our appetites. In one study, people who ate meals in abl

38、ue room consumed 33 percent less than those in a yellow or red room. Warm colors like yellow make foodappear more appetizing, while cold colors make us less hungry. So when it s time to repaint, go blue.Don t forget the clock or the radio. People who eat slowly tend to consume about 70 fewer calorie

39、s（ 卡路里）per meal than those who rush through their meals. Begin keeping track of the time, and try to make dinner last at30 minutes. And while you ret it, actually sit down to eat. If you need some help slowing down, turning on relaxing music. It makes you less likely to rush through a meal.Downsize

40、the dishes. Big serving bowls and plants can easily makes us fat. We eat about 22 percent more when using a 12-inch plate instead of a 10-inch plate. When we choose a large spoon over a smaller one, total intake（摄入）jumps by 14 percent. And we ll pour about 30 perc卿u m orto a short, wide glass than a

41、 tall, skinny glass.（2） 2015全国卷（2） -C篇第1题What do we learn about the gap year from the text?It is flexible in length.It is a time for relaxationIt is increasingly popularIt is required by universitiesC （268 词）More students than ever before are taking a gap year（ 间隔年）before going to university. It use

42、d to be theyear off II between school and universitye gap-year phenomenon originated（起源）with the months left over to Oxbridge applicants between entrance exams in November and the start of the next academic year.This year, 25,310 students who have accepted places in higher education institutions hav

43、e put off their entry until next year, according to statistics on university entrance provided by the University and College Admissions Service （UCAS）.That is a record 14.7% increase in the number of students taking a gap year. Tony Higgins from UCAS said that the statistics are good news for everyo

44、ne in higher education.rpltinnsniiwwhoduikerawellmore likely to be satisfied with, and complete, their chosen course. Students who take a gap year are often more mature and responsible, II he said.But not everyone is happy. Owain James, the president of the National Union of Students （NUS）, argued t

45、hatthe increase is evidence of student hardship - young people are being forced into earning money before finishing their education. New students are now aware that they are likely to leave university up 1k5,000 in debt. It is not surprising that more and more students are taking a gap year to earn

46、money to support their study for the degree. NUS statistics show that over 40% of students are forced to work during term time and the figure increases to 90% during vacating periods,II he said.2015广东卷-B篇第3题According to the author, fish are most likely to be found .in deep water on sunny daysin deep

47、 water on cloudy days C. in shallow water under sunlight D. in shallow water under waterside trees.B (337 词)When I was nine years old, I loved to go fishing with my dad. But the only thing that wasn t very fun about it was that he could catch many fish while I couldn t catch anything. I usually got

48、pretty upset and kept asking him why. He always answered, “Son, if you want to catch a fish, you have to think like a fish ” , I remember being even more upset then because, I m not a fish! ” I didn t know how to think like a fish. Besides, I reasoned, how could what I think influence what a fish do

49、es?As I got a little older I began to understand what my dad really meant. So, I read some books on fish. And I even joined the local fishing club and started attending the monthly meetings. I learned that a fish is a cold-blooded animal and therefore is very sensitive to water temperature. That is

50、why fish prefer shallow water to deep water because the former is warmer. Besides, water is usually warmer in direct sunlight than in the shade. Yet, fish don t have any eyelids(眼皮)and the sun huts their eyes, The more I understood fish, the more I became effective at finding and catching them.When

51、I grew up and entered the business world, I remember hearing my first boss say,“We all need to think likesales people. But it didn t completely make sense. My dad never once said, “If you want to catch a fish you need to think like a fisherman. What he said was, “ You need to think like a fish. Year

52、s later, with great efforts to promote long-term services to people much older and richer than me, I gradually learned what we all need is to think more like customers. It is not an easy job. I will show you how in the following chapters.2014广一模-D篇第4题What can we reasonably infer about the two scient

53、ists from the passage?Dawkins worked much harder than Hawking as an undergraduate.Hawking is more respected by the scientific community.7They knew each other during their studies at Oxford.Hawking has experienced more physical difficulties.D （398 词）The recent publication of autobiographies by two of

54、 Britains greatest scientists, biologist Richard Dawkins and physicist Stephen Hawking is a wonderful opportunity to compare and contrast these two remarkable men. Surprisingly, they have rather more in common than we think.Most striking is the similarity in their backgrounds. They were born in the early 1940s to middle class families - not wealthy but comfortably off, with a strong commitment to academic excellence and public service. Both families were keen to send their boys to Oxford University -and both succeeded, Dawkins studying zoology and Hawking physics.Neither man has a ver